Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of debris extruded apically and residual filling material during the removal of root canal filling material using different NiTi file systems [Scope RS® Retreatment GOLD (SRG), WaveOne Gold (WOG) and ProTaper Gold (PTG)]. Material and Methods: Fourty five extracted mandibular premolar teeth were prepared and filled with guttapercha and AH Plus sealer using the single cone technique. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 for removal of the root filling material with SRG, WOG, and PTG files. Apically extruded debris during instrumentation was collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes and was assessed with an electronic balance. Residual filling material in the root canals was assessed using digital analysis software (Image J). These data were analysed statistically using ANOVA and the KruskalWallis H test. Results: WOG file system extruded significantly less debris than PTG file system from the apical foramen (p=0.020). There was no significant difference between the SRG file system and the other two file systems (p=0.426, p=0.647). There was no significant difference in the amount of remaining canal filling (p=0.308). Conclusion: All groups extruded debris from the apical foramen. The PTG file system caused higher levels of apical extrusion in proportion to the WOG and SRG file systems. In addition, there was no significant difference among groups in terms of the amount of remain canal filing.