Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey)
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 294 - 304 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.3906/yer-2103-1 İndeks Tarihi: 21-06-2022
Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey)
Öz: The socle stones of the Great Temple in the Lower City of the Hittite capital city, Hattusha (Çorum Province) have been studied
for the first time by petrographic and geochemical analysis (Sr isotope, stable isotope, and trace element geochemistry). Study objectives
were to determine the carbonate facies of the stone samples used in the Great Temple and investigate their possible sources. Petrographic
analysis of 10 limestone samples presents five clusters of different microfacies. Stable isotope $(δ^{13}C and δ^{18}O)$ analysis displayed the
presence of 5 groups in parallel with petrographic analysis. Trace element analysis of the same groups displayed considerable difference
among the stone samples and $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ isotope ratios change between 0.70697 and 0.706867. Based on the results, it can be stated that the
building using stones are from probably five different sources. This is of great importance to better understand the construction process
and the acquisition of the building materials.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Akcar N, Ivy-Ochs S, Alfimov V, Yilmaz IO, Schachner A et al. (2009). First results on determination of cosmogenic 36Cl in limestone from the Yenicekale Complex in the Hittite capital of Hattusha (Turkey). Quaternary Geochronology 4: 533–540.
- Akcar N, Alfimov V, Ivy-Ochs S, Yavuz V, Yilmaz IO et al. (2014). Origin of building stones in Yenicekale Complex: Application of cosmogenic $^{36}Cl$ to archaeological problems. In: BoğazköyHattuşa Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 24, Ausgrabungen und Forshungen in der westlichen Oberstadt von Hattusa I. Schachner A, Seeher J (editors). de Gruyter, Berlin, 69-87.
- Braekmans D, Degryse P, Neyt B, Waelkens M, Poblome J (2016). Reconstructing regional trajectories: the provenance and distribution of Archaic to Hellenistic ceramics in Central Pisidia (South-West Turkey). Archaeometry 59: 472–492.
- Doğan-Alparslan M, Alparslan M (eds.) (2013). Hititler – Hittites. Bir Anadolu İmparatorluğu – An Anatolian Empire. Yapı Kredi Yayınları, Istanbul.
- Eggins SM, Woodhead JD, Kinsley LPJ, Mortimer GE, Sylvester P et al. (1997). A simple method for the precise determination of P40 trace elements in geological samples by ICPMS using enriched isotope internal standardisation. Chemical Geology 134: 311–326.
- Flügel E (2010). Microfacies of carbonate rocks: analysis, interpretation and application. Springer, Berlin.
- Hunt AMW (2013). Development of quartz cathodoluminescence for the geological grouping of archaeological ceramics: firing effects and data analysis. Journal of Archaeological Sciences 40: 2902–2912.
- Kamber BS, Greig A, Schoenberg R, Collerson KD (2003). A refined solution to Earth’s hidden niobium: implications for evolution of continental crust and mode of core formation. Precambrian Research 126: 289–308.
- Kazancı N, Suludere Y, Mülazımoğlu NS, Tuzcu S, Mengi H et al. (2008). Milli parklarda jeolojik miras – 4, Boğazköy– Alacahöyük tarihi milli parkı (Çorum). Doğa koruma ve milli parklar genel müdürlüğü jeolojik mirası koruma derneği (in Turkish).
- Price TD, Burton JH (2012). An introduction to archaeological chemistry. Springer, New York, USA.
- Rud’ko SV, Kuznetsov AB, Piskunov VK (2014). Sr Isotope Chemostratigraphy of Upper Jurassic Carbonate Rocks in the Demerdzhi Plateau (Crimean Mountains). Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 22 (5): 494–506.
- Schachner A (2011). Hattuscha. Auf den Spuren des sagenhaften Großreichs der Hethiter, Beck Verlag, München (in German). Schachner A (2019). Hattuša. Efsanevi Hitit İmparatorluğu’nun izinde, Homer Yayınları, İstanbul, Turkey.
- Schachner A (2020). The Great Temple at Ḫattuša. Some preliminary interpretations. In: Cult, temple, sacred spaces. Cult practices and cult spaces in Hittite Anatolia and neighbouring cultures.
- Steitler CH and Görke S (editors). Studien zu den BoğazköyTexten 66. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz. Schachner A. Building for King and Country: Architecture as a Symbol of the Hittite Empire, in: St. de Martino, The Hittites, de Gruyter, Berlin (in press).
- Siegesmund S, Török A (2014). Building stones, In: Stone in Architecture. Siegesmund S and Snethlage R (editors), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 11–95.
- Şenel M, Aydal N, Papak İ, Coşkun A, Kapucu M et al. (2002). 1/500 000 scale Geological map of Turkey, Geological Research Department of the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration. MTA, Ankara, Turkey.
- Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1985). The Continental crust: Its composition and evolution. Blackwell, Oxford.
- Yilmaz IO, Altiner D, Schachner A (2014). Sedimentological and paleontological approach for the provenance of the wall blocks of Hittites in the Yenicekale Hill, Bogazkoy, Turkey. In: Boğazköy-Hattuşa, Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 24, Ausgrabungen und Forschungen in der westlichen Oberstadt von Hattusa. I. Schachner A and Seeher J (editors), de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin, 62–68.
| APA | YILMAZ İ, SCHACHNER A, UYSAL İ, ÜNAL İMER E (2022). Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey). , 294 - 304. 10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
| Chicago | YILMAZ İsmail Ömer,SCHACHNER Andreas,UYSAL İ. Tonguç,ÜNAL İMER Ezgi Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey). (2022): 294 - 304. 10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
| MLA | YILMAZ İsmail Ömer,SCHACHNER Andreas,UYSAL İ. Tonguç,ÜNAL İMER Ezgi Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey). , 2022, ss.294 - 304. 10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
| AMA | YILMAZ İ,SCHACHNER A,UYSAL İ,ÜNAL İMER E Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey). . 2022; 294 - 304. 10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
| Vancouver | YILMAZ İ,SCHACHNER A,UYSAL İ,ÜNAL İMER E Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey). . 2022; 294 - 304. 10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
| IEEE | YILMAZ İ,SCHACHNER A,UYSAL İ,ÜNAL İMER E "Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey)." , ss.294 - 304, 2022. 10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
| ISNAD | YILMAZ, İsmail Ömer vd. "Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey)". (2022), 294-304. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
| APA | YILMAZ İ, SCHACHNER A, UYSAL İ, ÜNAL İMER E (2022). Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 31(3), 294 - 304. 10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
| Chicago | YILMAZ İsmail Ömer,SCHACHNER Andreas,UYSAL İ. Tonguç,ÜNAL İMER Ezgi Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no.3 (2022): 294 - 304. 10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
| MLA | YILMAZ İsmail Ömer,SCHACHNER Andreas,UYSAL İ. Tonguç,ÜNAL İMER Ezgi Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.31, no.3, 2022, ss.294 - 304. 10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
| AMA | YILMAZ İ,SCHACHNER A,UYSAL İ,ÜNAL İMER E Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2022; 31(3): 294 - 304. 10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
| Vancouver | YILMAZ İ,SCHACHNER A,UYSAL İ,ÜNAL İMER E Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2022; 31(3): 294 - 304. 10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
| IEEE | YILMAZ İ,SCHACHNER A,UYSAL İ,ÜNAL İMER E "Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey)." Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 31, ss.294 - 304, 2022. 10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
| ISNAD | YILMAZ, İsmail Ömer vd. "Geochemical and petrographic approach for the origin of the limestone blocks of the walls of the Great Temple of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey)". Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 31/3 (2022), 294-304. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-2103-1 |
