COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği

Ülkü PARLAK, (Girilmemişş)
Selin KARAKÖSE (Feyziye Mektepleri Vakfı Işık Üniversitesi, İktisadi İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Psikloji Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye)
KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi
0 0
Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 149 - 189 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.21798/kadem.2022.56 İndeks Tarihi: 01-07-2022

COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği

Öz:
Çalışma hayatında yer alan çocuklu kadınların bireysel ve aile yaşantısındaki çoklu rolleri nedeniyle depresyon için risk grubu altında yer aldığı bilinmektedir. İçinde bulunduğumuz COVID-19 pandemisinde evden çalışma düzeniyle birlikte kadınlar için artan bu çoklu roller ile depresyon arasındaki ilişki henüz araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, iş-aile çatışması, evlilik uyumu ve ebeveyn tükenmişliğinin depresyon üzerindeki yordayıcı etkisinin klinik olmayan bir örneklem grubunda araştırılmasıdır. Araştırmanın örneklemini evden çalışan, evli ve çocuğu olan 24-55 yaş arası (ORT = 34.27, SS = 5.88) 495 kadın oluşturmaktadır. Psikososyodemografik Bilgi Formu, Depresyon Anksiyete Stress Ölçeği (DASS-21) Depresyon Alt Boyutu, Yenilenmiş Çift Uyum Ölçeği (YÇUÖ), İş-Aile Çatışması Ölçeği (İAÇÖ) ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişlik Değerlendirmesi’yle (ABT) oluşan anket bataryası çevrimiçi olarak sunulmuştur. Çoklu hiyerarşik regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, iş-aile çatışması, evlilik uyumu ve ebeveyn tükenmişliği değişkenlerinin depresyonu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve birbirine benzer güç düzeyinde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Çalışmada elde edilen bulguların, çalışan kadınlarda depresyonla müdahale programlarında pratik ve teorik açılardan fayda sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelime: iş-aile çatışması, evlilik uyumu, ebeveyn tükenmişliği, depresyon, COVID-19 pandemisi ve evden çalışma

Understanding The Factors of Depression Among Home - Office Working Mothers During the COVID-19 Outberak: Work-Family Conflict, Dyadic Adjustment and Parenting Burnout

Öz:
It is known that due to their multiple roles in their personal and family lives, working women with children are at risk for depression. The relationship between depression and these multiple roles, which has increased with the pattern of working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic, has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the predictive roles of work-family conflict, dyadic adjustment, and parental burnout on depression in a non-clinical sample. The sample of the study consists of 495 women who are working from home, are married with children, and are between the ages of 24-55 (M = 34.27, SD = 5.88). The questionnaire battery that has been presented online includes Psycho-Social Demographic Information Form, Depression Subscale of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale Short Form (DASS-21), Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS), Work-Family Conflict Scale (WFC), and Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). According to the results of multiple hierarchical regression analysis, it has been found that work-family conflict, dyadic adjustment, and parental burnout predict depression at a significant level with similar effect size. It is thought that the findings contained in the study will provide practical and theoretical benefits in intervention programs related to depression among women.
Anahtar Kelime: parental burnout, work-family conflict, dyadic adjustment, depression, COVID-19 pandemic and home-office working

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Abrams, L. ve Curran, L. (2009). “And You’re Telling Me Not to Stress?” a Grounded Theory Study of Postpartum Depression Symptoms among Low-Income Mothers. Psychology Of Women Quarterly, 33(3), 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/036168430903300309
  • Ahmad, A. (2008). Job, Family and Individual Factors as Predictors of WorkFamily Conflict, The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 4 (1).
  • Akçınar, B. (2020). Ebeveynlik Davranışları ve Çocukların Sosyal-Davranışsal Gelişiminde İş-Aile Çatışmasının Rolü (Proje No. 118K170). TÜBİTAK.
  • Akhtar-Danesh, N. ve Landeen, J. (2007). Relation between depression and sociodemographic factors. International Journal of Mental Health Systems,1(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-1-4
  • Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E., Bruck, C. S. ve Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 278-308. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.2.278
  • Almeida, M., Shrestha, A., Stojanac, D. ve Miller, L. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Archives Of Women’s Mental Health, 23(6), 741-748. https://doi: 10.1007/s00737-020-01092-2
  • Anderson, S. E., Coffey, B. S. ve Byerly, R. T. (2002). Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work-family conflict and job-related outcomes. Journal of Management, 28(6), 787- 810. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630202800605
  • APA. (2013). DSM-5 tanı ölçütleri başvuru el kitabı. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği Yayıncılık.
  • Arikan, G., Üstündağ-Budak, A. M., Akgün, E., Mikolajczak, M. ve Roskam, I. (2020). Validation of the Turkish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (ABT). New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2020(174), 15-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20375
  • Arntz, M., Ben Yahmed, S. ve Berlingieri, F. (2020). Working from Home and COVID-19: The Chances and Risks for Gender Gaps. Inter Economics, 55(6), 381-386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-020-0938-5
  • Aunola, K., Sorkkila, M. ve Tolvanen, A. (2020). Validity of the Finnish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (ABT). Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61(5), 714-722. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12654
  • Aycan, Z. ve Eskin, M. (2005). Relative Contributions of Childcare, Spousal Support, and Organizational Support in Reducing Work-Family Conflict for Men and Women: The Case of Turkey. Sex Roles, 53(7), 453-471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-7134-8
  • Bayazıt, M. ve Türetgen İ. Ö. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemisinin Gölgesinde Mecburi Evden Çalışma Düzeninin Çalışanların İş-Ev Çatışmaları ve Sağlıklarına Etkisi: Boylamsal Bir Araştırma. (Proje No. 120K365). TÜBİTAK. Tubitak.gov.tr sitesinden 31 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Brownson, K. (2004). The benefits of a work-at-home program. The Health Care Manager, 23(2), 141-144. https://doi.org/10.1097/00126450- 200404000-00007
  • Bucciarelli, V., Nasi, M., Bianco, F., Seferovic, J., Ivkovic, V., Gallina, S. ve Mattioli, A. (2021). Depression pandemic and cardiovascular risk in the COVID-19 era and long COVID syndrome: gender makes a difference. Trends In Cardiovascular Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. tcm.2021.09.009
  • Busby, D. M., Crane, D. R., Larson, J. H. ve Christensen, C. (1995). A revision of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale for use with distressed and nondistressed couples: Construct hierarchy and multidimensional scales. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 21(3), 289-308. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1995.tb00163.x
  • Busch, M. A., Maske, U. E., Ryl, L., Schlack, R. ve Hapke, U. (2013). Prävalenz von depressiver Symptomatik und diagnostizierter Depression bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland In Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, 56(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00103-013-1688-3
  • Buzzanell, P. M. (2004). Gender in applied communication contexts. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publ.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural Equation Modelling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.
  • Caetano, R., Vaeth, P., Mills, B. ve Canino, G. (2016). Employment Status, Depression, Drinking, and Alcohol Use Disorder in Puerto Rico. Alcoholism: Clinical And Experimental Research, 40(4), 806-815. https:// doi.org/10.1111/acer.13020
  • Cirhinlioglu, Z., Tepe, Y. K. ve Cirhinlioglu, F. G. (2016). The Relationship between Personality Traits and Marital Quality in Married Couples in Turkey. The Anthropologist, 25(1), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/0 9720073.2016.11892086
  • Coronavirus. (2021). https://www.who.int/health-topics/ coronavirus#tab=tab_3 sitesinden 27 Ekim 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Creedy, D. K., Sidebotham, M., Gamble, J., Pallant, J. ve Fenwick, J. (2017). Prevalence of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress in Australian midwives: A cross-sectional survey. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17 (1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-1212-5
  • Crosbie, T. ve Moore, J. (2004). Work-life Balance and Working from Home. Social Policy and Society, 3(3), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S1474746404001733
  • Çiçek, B. ve Almalı, V. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde kaygı özyeterlilik ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişki: özel sektör ve kamu çalışanları karşılaştırması. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 241-260.
  • Darcy, C. ve McCarthy, A. (2007). Work‐family conflict. Journal of European Industrial Training, 31(7), 530-549. https://doi. org/10.1108/03090590710820042
  • Daza, P., Novy, D. M., Stanley, M. A. ve Averill, P. (2002). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21: Spanish translation and validation with a Hispanic sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24(3), 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016014818163
  • Dehle, C., Larsen, D. ve Landers, J. (2001). Social Support in Marriage. The American Journal Of Family Therapy, 29(4), 307-324. https://doi. org/10.1080/01926180126500
  • Dougé, N., Lehman, E. ve McCall-Hosenfeld, J. (2014). Social Support and Employment Status Modify the Effect of Intimate Partner Violence on Depression Symptom Severity in Women: Results from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey. Women’s Health Issues, 24(4).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2014.03.006
  • Du Prel, J. B. ve Peter, R. (2015). Work-family conflict as a mediator in the association between work stress and depressive symptoms: Crosssectional evidence from the German lidA-cohort study. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 88(3), 359-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-014-0967-0
  • Edhborg, M., Matthiesen, A., Lundh, W. ve Widström, A. (2005). Some early indicators for depressive symptoms and bonding 2 months postpartum - a study of new mothers and fathers. Archives Of Women’s Mental Health, 8(4), 221-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-005-0097-5
  • Evenson, R. J. ve Simon, R. W. (2005). Clarifying the relationship between parenthood and depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 46(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/002214650504600403
  • Farré, L., Fawaz, Y., Gonzalez, L. ve Graves, J. (2020). How the COVID-19 Lockdown Affected Gender Inequality in Paid and Unpaid Work in Spain. IZA Discussion Papers 13434, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  • Fowers, B. J. (1991). His and her marriage: A multivariate study of gender and marital satisfaction. In Sex Roles, 24(3), 209-221. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF00288892
  • Frone, M. R., Russell, M. ve Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(1), 65-78. https://doi. org/10.1037/0021-9010.77.1.65
  • Gager, C. ve Sanchez, L. (2003). Two as One? Journal Of Family Issues, 24(1), 21-50. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0192513X02238519
  • Gaudecker H.M., Radost H., Lena J., Bettina S. ve Christian Z. (2020). Labour Supply in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Empirical Evidence on Hours, Home Office, and Expectations. IZA Discussion Papers 13158, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  • Gencer, N. (2020). Covid-19 Sürecinde Yaşlı Olmak: 65 Yaş ve Üstü Vatandaşlar için Uygulanan Sokağa Çıkma Yasağı Üzerine Değerlendirmeler ve Manevi Sosyal Hizmet, Türkiye Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 35-42.
  • Grandey, A. A. ve Cropanzano, R. (1999). The Conservation of Resources Model Applied to Work-Family Conflict and Strain. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(2), 350-370. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1666
  • Greenhaus, J. H. ve Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of Conflict between Work and Family Roles. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.2307/258214
  • Gündoğdu, A. (2007). Relationship Between Self-Construals And Marital Quality (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Hao, J., Wang, J., Liu, L., Wu, W. ve Wu, H. (2016). Perceived Organizational Support Impacts on the Associations of Work-Family Conflict or Family-Work Conflict with Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Doctors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(3), 326-339. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030326
  • Henry, J. D. ve Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 227-239. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466505X29657
  • Henry, N. J. M., Berg, C. A., Smith, T. W. ve Florsheim, P. (2007). Positive and negative characteristics of marital interaction and their association with marital satisfaction in middle-aged and older couples. Psychology and Aging, 22(3), 428-441. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882- 7974.22.3.428
  • Higgins, C. A., Duxbury, L. E. ve Irving, R. H. (1992). Work-family conflict in the dual-career family. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 51(1), 51-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(92)90004-Q
  • Hubert, S. ve Aujoulat, I. (2018). Parental Burnout: When Exhausted Mothers Open Up. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1021. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2018.01021
  • Islam, M. ve Adnan, R. (2017). Socio-Demographic Factors and Their Correlation with the Severity of Major Depressive Disorder: A Population Based Study. World Journal Of Neuroscience, 07(02), 193-202. https:// doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2017.72014
  • James, S. L., Abate, D., Abate, K. H., Abay, S. M., Abbafati, C., Abbasi, N. ve Murray, C. J. L. (2018). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 392(10159), 1789-1858. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7
  • Jeon, L., Buettner, C. K. ve Grant, A. A. (2018). Early Childhood Teachers’ Psychological Well-Being: Exploring Potential Predictors of Depression, Stress, and Emotional Exhaustion. Early Education and Development, 29(1), 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2017.13 41806
  • Johnson, M. ve Anderson, J. (2012). The Longitudinal Association of Marital Confidence, Time Spent Together, and Marital Satisfaction. Family Process, 52(2), 244-256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545- 5300.2012.01417.x
  • Karaköse, S. ve Akçinar, B. (2021). COVID-19 Kapsamında Belirlenen Önleyici Sağlık Davranışları ile İlgili Faktörler. Nesne, 9(21), 619-636. DOI: 10.7816/nesne-09-21-09
  • Kaya, Y. ve Akın, R. (2021). COVID-19 ile Yaşanan Sosyal İzolasyonun Aile ve Evlilik Yaşamına Yansımaları: Fenomenolojik Bir Çalışma. Turkish Journal Of Family Medicine And Primary Care, 15(3), 510-520. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.932521
  • Kaygısız, A. ve Alkın, T. (1999). Konversiyon bozukluğundaki ruhsal bozukluk eş tanılarının değişkenlerle ilişkisi, Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10(1), 40-49.
  • Kendler, K. S., Kuhn, J. ve Prescott, C. A. (2004). The interrelationship of neuroticism, sex, and stressful life events in the prediction of episodes of majör depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(4), 631- 636. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.4.631
  • Kendrick, H. M. ve Drentea, P. (2016). Marital Adjustment. University of Alabama at Birmingham; USA.
  • Kessler, R. (2003). Epidemiology of women and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 74(1), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165- 0327(02)00426-3
  • Kinderman, P. (2005). A Psychological Model of Mental Disorder. Harvard Review Of Psychiatry, 13(4), 206-217. https://doi. org/10.1080/10673220500243349
  • Kinderman, P., Schwannauer, M., Pontin, E. ve Tai, S. (2013). Psychological processes mediate the impact of familial risk, social circumstances and life events on mental health. PloS One, 8(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0076564
  • Kockler, M. ve Heun, R. (2002). Gender differences of depressive symptoms in depressed and nondepressed elderly persons. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(1), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.521
  • Lebert-Charron, A., Dorard, G., Boujut, E. ve Wendland, J. (2018). Maternal Burnout Syndrome: Contextual and Psychological Associated Factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 885. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2018.00885
  • Lim, G. Y., Tam, W. W., Lu, Y., Ho, C. S., Zhang, M. W. ve Ho, R. C. (2018). Prevalence of Depression in the Community from 30 Countries between 1994 and 2014. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 2861. https://doi. org/10.1038/s41598-018-21243-x
  • Lovibond, P. F. ve Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005- 7967(94)00075-U
  • Mackinnon, S. P., Sherry, S. B., Antony, M. M., Stewart, S. H., Sherry, D. L. ve Hartling, N. (2012). Caught in a bad romance: Perfectionism, conflict, and depression in romantic relationships. Journal of Family Psychology: JFP: Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association, 26(2), 215-225. https://doi. org/10.1037/a0027402
  • McTernan, W. P., Dollard, M. F., Tuckey, M. R. ve Vandenberg, R. J. (2016). Enhanced Co-Worker Social Support in Isolated Work Groups and Its Mitigating Role on the Work-Family Conflict-Depression Loss Spiral. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(4), 382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13040382
  • Mesmer-Magnus, J. R. ve Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Convergence between measures of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict: A meta-analytic examination. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 215-232. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.004
  • Mikolajczak, M., Brianda, M. E., Avalosse, H. ve Roskam, I. (2018). Consequences of parental burnout: Its specific effect on child neglect and violence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 80, 134-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. chiabu.2018.03.025
  • Miller, J. R. (2003). Encyclopedia of human ecology. Santa Barbara, Calif., Oxford: ABC-CLIO.
  • Miller, L. J. (2002). Postpartum depression. JAMA, 287(6), 762-765. https:// doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.6.762
  • Moscato, B. S., Russell, M., Zielezny, M., Bromet, E., Egri, G., Mudar, P. ve Marshall, J. R. (1997). Gender differences in the relation between depressive symptoms and alcohol problems: A longitudinal perspective. American Journal of Epidemiology, 146(11), 966-974. https://doi. org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009224
  • Muhtz, C., Zyriax, B.-C., Klähn, T., Windler, E. ve Otte, C. (2009). Depressive symptoms and metabolic risk: Effects of cortisol and gender. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(7), 1004-1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. psyneuen.2009.01.016
  • Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S. ve McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400-410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021- 9010.81.4.400
  • Noble, R. E. (2005). Depression in women. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 54(5), 49-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2005.01.014
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. ve Hilt, L. M. (2009). Gender differences in depression. In I. H. Gotlib & C. L. Hammen (Eds.), Handbook of depression (pp. 386-404). The Guilford Press.
  • Obidoa, C., Reeves, D., Warren, N., Reisine, S. ve Cherniack, M. (2011). Depression and work family conflict among corrections officers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(11), 1294-1301.https:// doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182307888
  • Özgür, G., Atan, S. ve Ardahan, M. (2012). Postpartum depression among working and non-working women in Denizli Turkey, Healthmed, 6(6), 2038-2046.
  • Perren, S., Wyl, A. von, Bürgin, D., Simoni, H. ve Klitzing, K. von (2005). Depressive symptoms and psychosocial stress across the transition to parenthood: Associations with parental psychopathology and child difficulty. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 26(3), 173-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/01674820400028407
  • Pietromonaco, P. R. ve Overall, N. C. (2020). Applying relationship science to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic may impact couples’ relationships. The American Psychologist. Advance online publication. https:// doi.org/10.1037/amp0000714
  • Proulx, C. M., Helms, H. M. ve Buehler, C. (2007). Marital Quality ve Personal Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(3), 576-593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00393.x
  • Revati R. D. ve Yogesh A. J. (2012). Mental Health and Depression among Working and Non-Working Women. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2(8).
  • Rhee, S. J., Kim, E. Y., Kim, S. H., Lee, H. J., Kim, B., Ha, K. ve Ahn, Y. M. (2014). Subjective depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome among the general population. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 54, 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. pnpbp.2014.06.006
  • Rich-Edwards, J. W., Kleinman, K., Abrams, A., Harlow, B. L., McLaughlin, T. J., Joffe, H. ve Gillman, M. W. (2006). Sociodemographic predictors of antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms among women in a medical group practice. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 60(3), 221-227. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005.039370
  • Roehling, R., Moen, R. ve Batt, R. (2003). It’s about time: Couples and careers: Spillover. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Romanoski, A. J., Folstein, M. F., Nestadt, G., Chahal, R., Merchant, A., Brown, C. H. ve McHugh, P. R. (1992). The epidemiology of psychiatrist-ascertained depression and DSM-III depressive disorders. Results from the Eastern Baltimore Mental Health Survey Clinical Reappraisal. Psychological Medicine, 22(3), 629-655. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0033291700038095
  • Roskam, I., Raes, M.E. ve Mikolajczak, M. (2017). Exhausted Parents: Development and Preliminary Validation of the Parental Burnout Inventory. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 163. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2017.00163
  • Roskam, I., Brianda, M. ve Mikolajczak, M. (2018). A Step Forward in the Conceptualization and Measurement of Parental Burnout: The Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). Frontiers In Psychology, 9, 758. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00758
  • Russell-Chapin, L., Chapin, T. ve Sattler, L. (2001). The Relationship of Conflict Resolution Styles and Certain Marital Satisfaction Factors to Marital Distress. The Family Journal, 9(3), 259-264. https://doi. org/10.1177/1066480701093004
  • Santa Maria, A., Wörfel, F., Wolter, C., Gusy, B., Rotter, M., Stark, S. ve Renneberg, B. (2018). The Role of Job Demands and Job Resources in the Development of Emotional Exhaustion, Depression, and Anxiety Among Police Officers. Police Quarterly, 21(1), 109-134. https://doi. org/10.1177/109861111774395
  • Santrock, J. W. (2015). Yaşam boyu gelişim. On üçüncü basımdan çeviri. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Sariarslan, H. A., Gulhan, Y. B., Unalan, D., Basturk, M. ve Delibas, S. (2015). The relationship of sleep problems to life quality and depression. Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), 20(3), 236-242. https://doi. org/10.17712/nsj.2015.3.20150157
  • Sareen, J., Afifi, T., McMillan, K. ve Asmundson, G. (2011). Relationship Between Household Income and Mental Disorders. Archives Of General Psychiatry, 68(4), 419. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.15
  • Segre, L. S., O’Hara, M. W., Arndt, S. ve Stuart, S. (2007). The prevalence of postpartum depression: The relative significance of three social status indices. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(4), 316- 321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-007-0168-1
  • Serhan, N., Ege, E., Ayrancı, U. ve Kosgeroglu, N. (2012). Prevalence of postpartum depression in mothers and fathers and its correlates. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 22(1-2), 279-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2702.2012.04281.x
  • Serin, N. B., Serin, O. ve Özbaş, L. F. (2010). Predicting university students’ life satisfaction by their anxiety and depression level. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 579-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. sbspro.2010.12.200
  • Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring Dyadic Adjustment: New Scales for Assessing the Quality of Marriage and Similar Dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.2307/350547
  • St John, P. D. ve Montgomery, P. R. (2009). Marital status, partner satisfaction, and depressive symptoms in older men and women. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie, 54(7), 487- 492. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400710
  • Stănculescu, E., Roskam, I., Mikolajczak, M., Muntean, A. ve Gurza, A. (2020). Parental burnout in Romania: Validity of the Romanian version of the parental burnout assessment (ABT-RO). New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2020(174), 119-136. https:// doi.org/10.1002/cad.20384
  • Sullivan, C. (2000). Space and the intersection of work and family in homeworking households. Community, Work & Family, 3(2), 185-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/713658903
  • Susi, S., Kumar, K. R. ve Jothikumar, R. (2019). Work-Family Conflict and Depression Among Women Working Professionals. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 16(2), 745-747. https://doi. org/10.1166/jctn.2019.7802
  • Szczygieł, D., Sekulowicz, M., Kwiatkowski, P., Roskam, I. ve Mikolajczak, M. (2020). Validation of the Polish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). New Directions For Child And Adolescent Development, 2020(174), 137-158. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20385
  • Tavakol, M. ve Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53-55. https://doi. org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
  • Vignola, R. C. B. ve Tucci, A. M. (2014). Adaptation and validation of the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) to Brazilian Portuguese. Journal of Affective Disorders, 155, 104-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jad.2013.10.031
  • Westdahl, C., Milan, S., Magriples, U., Kershaw, T. S., Rising, S. S. ve Ickovics, J. R. (2007). Social support and social conflict as predictors of prenatal depression. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 110(1), 134-140. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000265352.61822.1b
  • Whisman, M. A. (2001). The association between depression and marital dissatisfaction, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1037/10350-001
  • Whisman, M. A. (2007). Marital distress and DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in a population-based national survey. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116(3), 638-643.https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.116.3.638
  • White, M., Hill, S., McGovern, P., Mills, C. ve Smeaton, D. (2003). ‘Highperformance’ Management Practices, Working Hours and Work-Life Balance. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 41(2), 175-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8543.00268
  • Wolanin, A., Hong, E., Marks, D., Panchoo, K. ve Gross, M. (2016). Prevalence of clinically elevated depressive symptoms in college athletes and differences by gender and sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(3), 167-171. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095756
  • Wood, A. M., Boyce, C. J., Moore, S. C. ve Brown, G. D. A. (2012). An evolutionary based social rank explanation of why low income predicts mental distress: A 17 year cohort study of 30,000 people. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(3), 882-888.
  • Wu, M., Chang, C.C. ve Zhuang, W.L. (2010). Relationships of work-family conflict with business and marriage outcomes in Taiwanese copreneurial women. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(5), 742-753. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585191003658912
  • Yılmaz, Ö., Boz, H. ve Arslan, A. (2017). Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeğinin (Dass 21) Türkçe Kısa Formunun Geçerlilik-Güvenilirlik Çalışması, Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(2), 78-91.
  • Zhang, H. (2020). The Influence of the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic on Family Violence in China. Journal Of Family Violence. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10896-020-00196-8
APA PARLAK Ü, Karaköse S (2021). COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği. , 149 - 189. 10.21798/kadem.2022.56
Chicago PARLAK ÜLKÜ,Karaköse Selin COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği. (2021): 149 - 189. 10.21798/kadem.2022.56
MLA PARLAK ÜLKÜ,Karaköse Selin COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği. , 2021, ss.149 - 189. 10.21798/kadem.2022.56
AMA PARLAK Ü,Karaköse S COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği. . 2021; 149 - 189. 10.21798/kadem.2022.56
Vancouver PARLAK Ü,Karaköse S COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği. . 2021; 149 - 189. 10.21798/kadem.2022.56
IEEE PARLAK Ü,Karaköse S "COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği." , ss.149 - 189, 2021. 10.21798/kadem.2022.56
ISNAD PARLAK, ÜLKÜ - Karaköse, Selin. "COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği". (2021), 149-189. https://doi.org/10.21798/kadem.2022.56
APA PARLAK Ü, Karaköse S (2021). COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği. KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 149 - 189. 10.21798/kadem.2022.56
Chicago PARLAK ÜLKÜ,Karaköse Selin COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği. KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi 7, no.2 (2021): 149 - 189. 10.21798/kadem.2022.56
MLA PARLAK ÜLKÜ,Karaköse Selin COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği. KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol.7, no.2, 2021, ss.149 - 189. 10.21798/kadem.2022.56
AMA PARLAK Ü,Karaköse S COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği. KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2021; 7(2): 149 - 189. 10.21798/kadem.2022.56
Vancouver PARLAK Ü,Karaköse S COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği. KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2021; 7(2): 149 - 189. 10.21798/kadem.2022.56
IEEE PARLAK Ü,Karaköse S "COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği." KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7, ss.149 - 189, 2021. 10.21798/kadem.2022.56
ISNAD PARLAK, ÜLKÜ - Karaköse, Selin. "COVİD-19 Sürecinde Evden Çalışan Annelerde Depresyonu Yordayan Faktörler: İş-Aile Çatışması, Evlilik Uyumu ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği". KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi 7/2 (2021), 149-189. https://doi.org/10.21798/kadem.2022.56
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
18-04-2024 1:23

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları