Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 1193 - 1217 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.16953/deusosbil.857313 İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI

Öz:
Günümüzde sanal topluluklar, vegan-vejetaryen kimliğe sahip bireyler için kimliklerini öne çıkarabilecek ve kendilerini ifade edebilecek bir alan olarak değerlendirmektedirler. Daha da ötesi, üye olunan sanal toplulukların kişilerin tutum ve davranışları üzerinde etkili olduğu tartışılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı, vegan-vejetaryen sanal topluluklara üye olan bireylerin tüketim davranışlarını, tutumlarını ve kültürlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada, netnografi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, vegan-vejetaryen sanal topluluklarına ilişkin en aktif olan altı Facebook grubu ve altı forum sayfası incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan tüm ana ve alt kategorilerden yola çıkarak vegan-vejetaryen bireylerin kendilerine bir sosyal kimlik kazandırma amacı ile çeşitli sosyal platformlarda yer aldıkları söylenebilir. Yapılan paylaşımlar yeni başlayanlara yol gösterici nitelik taşırken, merak edilen birçok konuda fikir alışverişinde bulunarak veganlık-vejetaryenlik ile ilgili sorularına da cevap bulmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelime: Netnografi Sosyal Kimlik Teorisi Vejetaryen Sanal Topluluklar Vegan

TO BE VEGETARIAN OR NOT TO BE: VEGAN-VEGETARIAN VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES FROM NETNOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE

Öz:
Today, virtual communities are considered as a space where individuals with a vegan-vegetarian identity can highlight their identities and express themselves. It’s argued that the virtual communities that are subscribed to have an impact on the attitudes and behaviors of people. It is philosophy and bioethics view as well as a vegan-vegetarian lifestyle. Vegetarianism is not using any animal meat in the diet and the consumption of other animal products is more limited, while veganism is a nutrition style and life view based on not using and consuming any animal products. The aim of the study is to determine the consumption behaviors, attitudes and cultures of individuals who are members of veganvegetarian virtual communities. The netnography method, was used in the study. In this study, the six most active Facebook and six forum pages related to vegan-vegetarian virtual communities were examined. Based on all the main and sub-categories that emerged as a result of the research, it can be said that vegan-vegetarian individuals take part in various social platforms in order to gain a social identity. While the posts are guiding newcomers, they also find answers to their questions about veganism-vegetarianism by exchanging ideas on many curious issues.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Abolisyonist Vegan Hareket (2018). Erişim Tarihi 27.09.2018 http://abolisyonistveganhareket.org/nedir
  • Aksürmeli Z.S.T., & Beşirli, H. (2019). Vegan kimliğin oluşumu: Vegan olmak ve vegan kalmak. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 6(12), 223-249.
  • Altınal, B.E. (2015). Hayvan hakları, ekoloji ve antikapitalizm vegan abolisyon. Hayvan Hakları Dergisi, 2.
  • Altuntuğ, N. (2010). Geleneksel tüketim olgusunun kırılma noktası: Yeni bir tüketim paradigmasına ve tüketici kimliğine doğru. Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 111-118.
  • Ashforth, B.E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 20-39.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1997). Tüketim toplumu (Çev: H. Deliceçaylı ve F. Keskin). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Belz, F.M. & Baumbach, W. (2010). Netnography as a method of lead user identification. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(3), 304-313.
  • Beşirli, H. (2010). Yemek, kültür ve kimlik. Milli Folklor, 22(87), 159-169.
  • Bisogni, C.A., Connors, M., Devine, C.M., & Sobal, J. (2002). Who we are and how we eat: A qualitative study of identities in food choice. Journal of Nutrition Education And Behavior, 34(3), 128-139.
  • Bowler, G.M. (2010). Netnography: A method specifically designed to study cultures and communities online. The Qualitative Report, 15(5), 1270-1275.
  • Chao, B. (2015). Relevance and adoption of netnography in determining consumer behavior patterns on the web. Scholedge International Journal of Business Policy & Governance, 2(6), 12-17.
  • Cherry, E., Ellis, C., & DeSoucey, M. (2011). Food for thought, thought for food: consumption, identity, and ethnography. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 40(2), 231-258.
  • Cherry, E. (2015). I was a teenage vegan: Motivation and maintenance of lifestyle movements. Sociological Inquiry, 85(1), 55-74.
  • Cheng, X., Dale, C. & Liu, J. (2007). Understanding the characteristics of internet short video sharing: YouTube as a case study. Arxiv Preprint Arxiv:0707.3670.
  • Dyett, P., Rajaram, S., Haddad, E.H. & Sabate, J. (2014). Evaluation of a validated food frequency questionnaire for self-defined vegans in the United State. Nutrients, 6(7), 2523-2539.
  • Dominick, B.A. (1997). "Hayvan özgürlüğü ve sosyal devrim". Sonsöz, Çev.: Barış Gün, İlksen Baysaling.
  • Erdoğan, Z. & Torun T. (2009). Bir ilişkisel pazarlama aracı olarak sanal topluluklar. Pazarlama ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4, 45-71.
  • Francione, G.L. (1996). Animals as property. Animal L., 2.
  • Gelderloos, P. (2011). Veganism: Why not-an anarchist perspective. Erişim Tarihi: 03 Ekim 2018. https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-gelderloosveganism-why-not
  • Greenebaum, J. (2012). Veganism, identity and the quest for authenticit. Food, Culture & Society, 15(1), 129-144.
  • Hogg, M.A., Terry, D.J. & White, K.M. (1995). A tale of two theories: A critical comparison of identity theory with social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 255-269.
  • Hoffman, S.R., Stallings, S.F., Bessinger, R.C. & Brooks, G.T. (2013). Differences between health and ethical vegetarians. Strength of conviction, nutrition knowledge, dietary restriction, and duration of adherence. Appetite, 65, 139-144.
  • Keane, A., & Willetts, A. (1994). Factors that affect food choice. Nutrition & Food Science.
  • Keith, L. (2009). The vegetarian myth: Food, justice and sustainability. USA/ California: PM Press.
  • Kozinets, R.V. (1997). I want to believe: A netnography of the X-Philes' subculture of consumption. Advances in Consumer Research, 24, 470-475.
  • Kozinets, R.V. (1998). On netnography: Initial reflections on consumer research investigations of cyberculture. Advances in Consumer Research, 25, 366- 71.
  • Kozinets, R.V. (1999). E-Tribalized marketing?: The strategic implications of virtual communities of consumption. European Management Journal, 17(3), 252- 264.
  • Kozinets, R.V. (2002). The field behind the screen: Using netnography for marketing research in online communities. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. XXXIX, 61-72.
  • Kozinets, R.V. (2015). Netnography: Understanding networked communication society. Willig, C. & Stainton-Rogers, W. The Sage Handbook of Psychology, 374-380.
  • Lam, S.K., Ahearne, M., Hu, Y. & Schillewaert, N. (2010). Resistance to brand switching when a radically new brand is introduced: A social identity theory perspective. Journal of Marketing, 74(6), 128-146.
  • Le, L.T. & Sabate, J. (2014). Beyond meatless, the health effects of vegan diets: Findings from the adventist cohorts. Nutrients, 6(6), 2131-2147.
  • Leitzmann, C. (2014). Vegetarian nutrition: Past, present, future. Am J Clin Nutr. 100 (suppl): 496S-502S.
  • Lerman, K. (2007). Social information processing in news aggregation. IEEE Internet Computing, 11(6).
  • Medberg, G. & Heinonen, K. (2014). Invisible value formation: A netnography in retail banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 32 (6), 590- 607.
  • Mosteller, J. (2008). Animal-companion extremes and underlying consumer themes. Journal of Business Research, 61(5), 512-521.
  • Myers, D.G. (2015). Sosyal psikoloji. (Çev. Serap Akfırat).10. Basım, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Nezlek, J.B., & Forestell, C.A. (2020). Vegetarianism as a social identity. Current Opinion in Food Science, 33, 45-51.
  • Oyserman, D. (1993). The lens of personhood: Viewing the self and others in a multicultural society. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(5), 993.
  • Özdemir, Z. (2015). Sosyal medyada kimlik inşasında yeni akım: Özçekim kullanımı. Maltepe Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 112-131.
  • Pilis, W., Stec, K., Zych, M. & Pilis, A. (2014). Health benefits and risk associated with adopting a vegetarian diet. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig, 65(1), 9-14.
  • Pollan, M. (2009). Etobur-otobur ikilemi. The New York Times Bestseller, 1. Baskı, Çeviren: İlke Önelge, İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları.
  • Radnitz, C., Beezhold, B. & DiMatteo, J. (2015). Investigation of lifestyle choices of individuals following a vegan diet for health and ethical reasons. Appetite, 90, 31-36.
  • Rageh, A. & Melewar, T.C. (2013). Using netnography research method to reveal the underlying dimensions of the customer/ tourist experience. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 16(2), 126-149.
  • Recnizkova, A. (2010). The vegan challenge: through veganism to a paradigm change. Other Projects. 15. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/other_projects/15
  • Rheingold, H. (1993). The virtual community: finding commection in a computerized world. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.
  • Rosenfeld, D.L. (2018). The psychology of vegetarianism: Recent advances and future directions. Appetite, 131, 125-138.
  • Rosenfeld, D.L., & Burrow, A.L. (2017). The unified model of vegetarian identity: A conceptual framework for understanding plant-based food choices. Appetite, 112, 78-95.
  • Ruby, M.B. (2012). Vegetarianism. a blossoming field of study. Appetite, 58(1), 141-150.
  • Russell, D., Cutrona, C.E., Rose, J. & Yurko, K. (1984). Social and emotional loneliness: An examination of weiss's typology of loneliness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(6), 1313.
  • Sabate, J. & Soret, S. (2014). Sustainability of plant-based diets: Back to the future. Am J ClinNutr; 100 (suppl): 476S-82S.
  • Schau, H.j., & Gilly, M. C. (2003). We are what we post? Self-presentation in personal web space. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(3), 385-404.
  • Son, T.Y.G. & Bulut, M. (2016). Yaşam tarzı olarak vegan ve vejetaryenlik. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 830-843.
  • Tajfel, H. (1982). Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Revieıu of Psychology, 33, 1-39.
  • Tambyah, S.K. (1996). Life on the net: The reconstruction of self and community. ACR North American Advances.
  • Tunçay, G.Y. (2016). Veganism in terms of bioethics from different view points. Journal of Current Researches on Health Sector, 6(1), 51-62.
  • Turner, J.C. (1975). Social comparison and social identity: Some prospects for intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 5, 5-34.
  • Ulusoy, E. (2015). I think, therefore I am vegan: Veganism, ethics, and social justice. In Annual Macromarketing Conference, 420.
  • Wrenn, C. (2012). Abolitionist animal rights: Critical comparisons and challenges within the animal rights movement. Interface, 4(2), 438-458.
  • Wright, L. (2015). The vegan studies project. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
  • Wright, L. & Adams, J.C. (2015). The vegan studies project: food, animals, and gender in the age of terror. Georgia: University of Georgia Press.
  • Valck, K.D. (2005). Virtual communities of consumption: Networks of consumer knowledge and companianship. Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM) Ph.D. Series Research in Management, RSM Erasmus University Rotterdam, 1-319.
  • Yamamoto, G.T. (2007). Buzz gibi söylenti pazarlaması. Pazarlama Dünyası, 8-11.
  • Yegen, C. & Aydın, B.O. (2018). Postmodern bir kimlik olarak veganlık ve bir çevrimiçi vegan ağının analizi. İletişim, 28.
  • Yokoyama, Y., Barnard, N.D., Levin, S.M. & Watanabe, M. (2014). Vegetarian diets and glycemic control in diabetes: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy, 4(5), 373-382.
APA Yetim G, BURAN İ, Argan M, Özer A (2021). VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI. , 1193 - 1217. 10.16953/deusosbil.857313
Chicago Yetim Gözde,BURAN İREM,Argan Metin,Özer Alper VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI. (2021): 1193 - 1217. 10.16953/deusosbil.857313
MLA Yetim Gözde,BURAN İREM,Argan Metin,Özer Alper VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI. , 2021, ss.1193 - 1217. 10.16953/deusosbil.857313
AMA Yetim G,BURAN İ,Argan M,Özer A VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI. . 2021; 1193 - 1217. 10.16953/deusosbil.857313
Vancouver Yetim G,BURAN İ,Argan M,Özer A VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI. . 2021; 1193 - 1217. 10.16953/deusosbil.857313
IEEE Yetim G,BURAN İ,Argan M,Özer A "VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI." , ss.1193 - 1217, 2021. 10.16953/deusosbil.857313
ISNAD Yetim, Gözde vd. "VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI". (2021), 1193-1217. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.857313
APA Yetim G, BURAN İ, Argan M, Özer A (2021). VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(3), 1193 - 1217. 10.16953/deusosbil.857313
Chicago Yetim Gözde,BURAN İREM,Argan Metin,Özer Alper VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 23, no.3 (2021): 1193 - 1217. 10.16953/deusosbil.857313
MLA Yetim Gözde,BURAN İREM,Argan Metin,Özer Alper VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol.23, no.3, 2021, ss.1193 - 1217. 10.16953/deusosbil.857313
AMA Yetim G,BURAN İ,Argan M,Özer A VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2021; 23(3): 1193 - 1217. 10.16953/deusosbil.857313
Vancouver Yetim G,BURAN İ,Argan M,Özer A VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2021; 23(3): 1193 - 1217. 10.16953/deusosbil.857313
IEEE Yetim G,BURAN İ,Argan M,Özer A "VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI." Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23, ss.1193 - 1217, 2021. 10.16953/deusosbil.857313
ISNAD Yetim, Gözde vd. "VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI". Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 23/3 (2021), 1193-1217. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.857313