Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/
COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review

Ahmad, Tauseef; Khan, Fazal Mehmood; Dhama, Kuldeep; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Tiwari, Ruchi; , Haroon; Ahmed, Irfan; Sharun, Khan; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Jin, Hui; Khan, Muhammad; Musa, Taha Hussein

doi:10.3906/biy-2005-63

Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review

Tauseef AHMAD, (Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China)

Haroon , (College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xian, China)

Kuldeep DHAMA, (Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India)

Khan SHARUN, (Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India)

Fazal Mehmood KHAN, (Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China)

Irfan AHMED, (Department of Physics, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan)

Ruchi TIWARI, (Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Veterinary Science University and Cattle Research Institute, Mathura, India)

Taha Hussein MUSA, (Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China)

Muhammad KHAN, (Department of Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan)

D. Katterine BONILLA ALDANA, (Semillero de Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigación BIOECOS, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia)

Alfonso J. RODRIGUEZ MORALES, (Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia)

Jin HUI, (Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China)

Diğer Yazarlar

Turkish Journal of Biology

0 0

Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 44 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 132 - 145 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.3906/biy-2005-63 İndeks Tarihi: 06-07-2022

Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review

Öz:

Emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases pose significant public health risks that are continuously haunting human civilization in the past several decades. Such emerging pathogens should be considered as a high threat to humans, animals, and environmental health. The year 2020 was welcomed by another significant virus from family Coronaviridae called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The disease was first reported in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Within a short time, this disease attained the status of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Presently, COVID-19 has spread to more than 150 countries, therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) called it a pandemic. The Chinese government, along with WHO, other health agencies, and many nations, are monitoring the current situation closely to analyze the impact of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 on humans, animals, and environmental health. In the context of the current situation, biosafety and biosecurity measure that focus on One Health aspects of the disease outbreaks and the SARS-CoV-2 spread are of great importance to restrain this pathogen. Along with these efforts, standard precaution and control measures should also be taken at personal and community level to prevent the spreading of any contagion diseases, including COVID-19. Researchers are putting their very high efforts to develop suitable vaccines and therapeutics/drugs to combat COVID-19. This review aims to highlight the importance of biosafety, biosecurity, One Health approach, and focusing on recent developments and the ways forward to prevent and control COVID-19 in a useful way.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

Ahmad T, Hui J (2020). One Health Approach and Coronavirus Disease 2019. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1732168
Ahmad T, Khan M, Haroon, Musa TH, Nasir S et al. (2020a). COVID-19: Zoonotic aspects. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 101607: doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101607
Ahmad T, Khan M, Khan FM, Hui J (2020b). Are we ready for the new fatal Coronavirus: scenario of Pakistan? Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2020b. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1724000
Bonfoh B, Schwabenbauer K, Wallinga D, Hartung J, Schelling E et al. (2010). Human health hazards associated with livestock production. In: Livestock in a Changing Landscape, Volume 1, Drivers, Consequences and Responses. Washington DC, US: Island Press, pp. 197-220.
Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S et al. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Brucker MC (2020). Novel Viruses, Zoonotic Infections, and Travel Health. Nurs Womens Health [Internet].
Cadieux G, Buckeridge DL, Jacques A, Libman M, Dendukuri N et al. (2012). Patient, physician, encounter, and billing characteristics predict the accuracy of syndromic surveillance case definitions. BMC Public Health 12: 166. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-166
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) (2009). National Institutes of Health. Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories (BMBL). 5th ed. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2020). National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) 2017. Atlanta, Georgia, USA: CDCP.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2020). Preventing COVID-19 Spread in Communities. Atlanta, Georgia, USA: CDCP.
China National Standards Committee (CNSC) (2020). Laboratorygeneral requirements for biosafety (GB19489-2008), 2008. Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases (2020). COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU).
Daszak P, Olival KJ, Li H (2020). A strategy to prevent future pandemics similar to the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Biosafety and Health. doi: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.01.003
Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Kapoor S, Tiwari R, Kumar A et al. (2013). One world, one health-veterinary perspectives. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 1 (1): 5-13.
Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Tiwari R, Verma AK, Saminathan M et al. (2014). A concept paper on novel technologies boosting production and safeguarding health of humans and animals. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 4 (7): 353-370.
Dhama K, Karthik K, Khandia R, Chakraborty S, Munjal A et al. (2018). Advances in designing and developing vaccines, drugs, and therapies to counter Ebola virus. Frontiers in Immunology 9: 1803. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01803
Dhama K, Sharun K, Tiwari R, Dadar M, Malik Y et al. (2020b). COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: Advances and prospects in designing and developing vaccines, immunotherapeutics and therapeutics. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1735227
Dhama K, Sharun K, Tiwari R, Sircar S, Bhat S et al. (2020a). Coronavirus disease 2019–COVID-19. Preprints 2020a; 2020030001. doi: 10.20944/preprints202003.0001.v1
Dhama K, Verma AK, Rajagunalan S, Deb R, Karthik K et al. (2012). Swine flu is back again: A review. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 15 (21): 1001-1009. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.1001.1009
FAO (2008). Soaring Food Prices: Facts, Perspectives, Impacts and Actions Required. HLC/08/INF/1, High-Level Conference on World Food Security: The Challenges of Climate Change and Bioenergy. Rome, Italy.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Issues New Policy to Help Expedite Availability of Diagnostics. Silver Spring, MD, USA: FDA.
Gao GF (2019). For a better world: biosafety strategies to protect global health. Biosafety and Health 1 (1): 1-3. doi: 10.1016/j. bsheal.2019.03.001
Gaudioso J, Zemlo T (2007). Survey of bioscience research practices in Asia: implications for biosafety and biosecurity. Applied Biosafety 12 (4): 260-267. doi: 10.1177/153567600701200408
GOV.UK. (2020). GuidanceCOVID-19: guidance for employers and businesses. London, UK: GOV. UK.
Grodzki M, Ollivier J, Le Saux JC, Piquet JC, Noyer M et al. (2012). Impact of Xynthia tempest on viral contamination of shellfish. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78 (9): 3508-3511. doi: 10.1128/AEM.07604-11
Groseclose SL, Buckeridge DL (2017). Public health surveillance systems: recent advances in their use and evaluation. Annual review of Public Health 38: 57-79. doi: 10.1146/annurevpublhealth-031816-044348
Habibi R, Burci GL, de Campos TC, Chirwa D, Cinà M et al. (2020). Do not violate the International Health Regulations during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(20)30373-1
Harypursat V, Chen YK (2020). Six weeks into the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak- it is time to consider strategies to impede the emergence of new zoonotic infections. Chinese Medical Journal. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000760
Heckert RA, Reed JC, Gmuender FK, Ellis M, Tonui W (2011). International biosafety and biosecurity challenges: Suggestions for developing sustainable capacity in lowresource countries. Applied Biosafety 16 (4): 223-230. doi: 10.1177/153567601101600404
Howard CR, Fletcher NF (2012). Emerging virus diseases: can we ever expect the unexpected? Emerging Microbes & Infections 1 (12): e46. doi: 10.1038/emi.2012.47
Jalava K (2020). First respiratory transmitted food borne outbreak? International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 226: 113490. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113490
Jernigan DB (2020). Update: Public Health Response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak-United States, February 24, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2020: 69(8).
Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D et al. (2008). Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature 451: 990- 993. doi: 10.1038/nature06536
Khan N, Naushad M (2020). Effects of Corona Virus on the World Community. SSRN Electronic Journal 3532001.
Kruk ME (2008). Emergency preparedness and public health systems lessons for developing countries. American Journal of Preventative Medicine 34: 529-534. doi: 10.1016/j. amepre.2008.02.012
Li YY, Wang WN, Lei Y, Zhang B, Yang J et al. (2020). Comparison of the clinical characteristics between RNA positive and negative patients clinically diagnosed with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia. ZhonghuaJie He He Hu Xi ZaZhi 43 (0): E023. Chinese. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200214-00095
Liu L, Wang T, Lu J (2016). The prevalence, origin, and prevention of six human coronaviruses. Virologica Sinica 31 (1): 94-99. doi: 10.1007/s12250-015-3687-z
MacLaren G, Fisher D, Brodie D (2020). Preparing for the Most Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: The Potential Role of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Journal of the American Medical Association. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2342
Makam AN, Nguyen OK, Moore B, Ma Y, Amarasingham R (2013). Identifying patients with diabetes and the earliest data of diagnosis in real time: an electronic health record case-finding algorithm. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 13: 81. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-13-81
Malik YS, Sircar S, Bhat S, Sharun K, Dhama K et al. (2020). Emerging novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-Current scenario, evolutionary perspective based on genome analysis and recent developments. Veterinary Quarterly 40: 68-76. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1727993
Mallapaty S (2020). China set to clamp down permanently on wildlife trade in wake of coronavirus. Nature. doi: 10.1038/ d41586-020-00499-2
Midgley SE, Bányai K, Buesa J, Halaihel N, Hjulsager CK et al. (2012). Diversity and zoonotic potential of rotaviruses in swine and cattle across Europe. Veterinary Microbiology 156 (3): 238- 245. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.10.027
Mikkelson D (2020). Did a Coronavirus Bulletin Warn Against Unprotected Sex with Farm Animals? You can take the virus out of the farm, but you can’t.
Moratelli R, Calisher CH (2015). Bats and zoonotic viruses: can we confidently link bats with emerging deadly viruses? Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 110: 1-22.
Morens DM, Folkers GK, Fauci AS (2004). The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Nature 430: 242-429. doi: 10.1038/nature02759.
Moritsugu K, Miller Z (2020). Things You Should Know About the Novel Coronavirus China Is “The Central Threat”: Pompeo| Coronavirus Doctors Targeted! Death toll continues to rise in China as countries scramble to tackle coronavirus outbreak 11 confirmed US coronavirus cases, experts warn of pandemic| ABC News Coronavirus Outbreak: Interview with Anthony Fauci, National Institute of Health 2020.
Mourya DT, Yadav PD, Ullas PT, Bhardwaj SD, Sahay RR et al. (2019). Emerging/re-emerging viral diseases & new viruses on the Indian horizon. Indian Journal of Medical Research 149 (4): 447. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1239_18
Munjal A, Khandia R, Dhama K, Sachan S, Karthik K et al. (2017). Advances in developing therapies to combat Zika virus: current knowledge and future perspectives. Frontiers Microbiology 8: 1469. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01469
Murdoch DR, French NP (2020). COVID-19: another infectious disease emerging at the animal-human interface. The New Zealand Medical Journal 133(1510): 12-15.
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD) (2020). Division of Viral Diseases. Atlanta, Georgia, USA: NCIRD.
Nkengasong J (2020). China’s response to a novel coronavirus stands in stark contrast to the 2002 SARS outbreak response. Nature Medicine. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0771-1
Nkengasong JN, Mankoula W (2020). Looming threat of COVID-19 infection in Africa: act collectively, and fast. Lancet 2020. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30464-5
Painter J (2013). Attribution of Foodborne Illnesses, Hospitalizations, and Deaths to Food Commodities by using Outbreak Data, United States, 1998–2008. Emerging Infectious Diseases 19 (3): 407-415. doi: 10.3201/eid1903.111866
Pan Y, Zhang D, Yang P, Poon LLM, Wang Q (2020). Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Lancet Infectious Diseases. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30113-4
Paraskevis D, Kostaki EG, Magiorkinis G, Panayiotakopoulos G, Sourvinos G et al. (2020). Full-genome evolutionary analysis of the novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) rejects the hypothesis of emergence as a result of a recent recombination event. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 79: 104212. doi: 10.1016/j. meegid.2020.104212
Park M, Thwaites RS, Openshaw PJM (2020). COVID-19: Lessons from SARS and MERS. European Journal of Immunology. doi: 10.1002/eji.202070035
Parker ER, Pate P (2005). Implementing UN Security Council Resolution 1540 to Combat the Proliferation of Biological Weapons. Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 3 (2). doi: 10.1089/bsp.2005.3.166
Perlman S (2020). Another decade, another coronavirus. The New England Journal of Medicine 382 (8): 760-762.
Pew Research Center (PRC) (2020). The Future of Well-Being in a Tech-Saturated World.
Rabinowitz P, Gordon Z, Chudnov D, Wilcox M, Odofin L et al. (2006). Animals as sentinels of bioterrorism agents. Emerging Infectious Diseases 12 (4): 647-652. doi: 10.3201/ eid1204.051120
Rasmussen SA, Smulian JC, Lednicky JA, Wen TS, Jamieson DJ (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: What obstetricians need to know: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.017
Rath J, Ischi M, Perkins D (2014). Evolution of different dual-use concepts in international and national law and its implications on research ethics and governance. Science and Engineering Ethics 20 (3): 769-790. doi: 10.1007/s11948-014-9519-y
WHO (2020). Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Balbin-Ramon GJ, Rabaan AA, Sah R et al. (2020). History is repeating itself: Probable zoonotic spillover as the cause of the 2019 novel Coronavirus Epidemic. Infez Med 28 (1): 3-5.
Salata C, Calistri A, Parolin C, Palù G (2020). Coronaviruses: a paradigm of new emerging zoonotic diseases. Pathogens and Disease 77 (9): ftaa006. doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa006
Salerno RM, Gaudioso J, Brodsky BH (2007). Laboratory biosecurity handbook. FL, USA: CRC Press.
Scanes CG (2020). Chapter 14 - Animals and Human Disease: Zoonosis, Vectors, Food-Borne Diseases, and Allergies. In: Scanes CG, Toukhsati SRBT-A and HS (editors). Cambridge, MA, USA: Academic Press, pp. 331-354.
Seto WH, Conly JM, Pessoa-Silva CL, Malik M. Eremin S (2013). Infection prevention and control measures for acute respiratory infections in healthcare settings: an update. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 19: S39-S47.
Shen K, Yang Y, Wang T, Zhao D, Jiang Y et al. (2020). Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts’ consensus statement. World Journal Podiatry. doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00343-7
Singh RB (2009). Biosecurity for food security. Souvenir–IndiaAfrica Cooperation for Sustainable Food Security. doi: 10.3201/eid1204.051120
Singh RK, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Tiwari R, Natesan S et al. (2019). Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies - a comprehensive review. Veterinary Quarterly 39 (1): 26-55. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2019.1580827
Tang B, Wang X, Li Q, Bragazzi NL, Tang S et al. (2020). Estimation of the transmission risk of the 2019-nCoV and its implication for public health interventions. Clinical Medicine 9 (2): E462. doi: 10.3390/jcm9020462
The PLoS Medicine Editors (2007). How is WHO responding to global public health threats? PLoS Medicine 4 (5): e197. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040197
To KK, Tsang OT, Chik-Yan Yip C, Chan KH, Wu TC et al. (2020). Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva. Clinical Infectious Diseases 149. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa149
Today (2020). Thailand finds second case of new Chinese virus, says no outbreak.
Tong J, Liu M, Shen Y, Guo D (2020). Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Journal of Medical Virology. 10.1002/jmv.25725. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25725
United Nations (2020). UN Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004). New York, NY, USA: UN.
vanUhm D (2016). The Illegal Wildlife Trade. Switzerland: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-42129-2
Wang R, Zhang X, Irwin DM, Shen Y (2020). Emergence of SARSlike Coronavirus poses new challenge in China. Journal of Infection. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.017
Wertheim HFL, Puthavathana P, Nghiem NM, Van Doorn HR, Nguyen TV (2010). Laboratory capacity building in Asia for infectious disease research: Experiences from the South East Asia Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network (SEAICRN). PLoS Medicine 7 (4): e1000231. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pmed.1000231
Wilder-Smith A, Freedman DO (2020). Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for oldstyle public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV) outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine. doi: 10.1093/jtm/ taaa020
Wilson ME, Chen LH (2020). Travellers Give Wings to Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Journal of Travel Medicine. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa015
Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Lam CSF, Lau CCY, Tsang AKL et al. (2012). Discovery of seven novel Mammalian and avian coronaviruses in the genus deltacoronavirus supports bat coronaviruses as the gene source of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus and avian coronaviruses as the gene source of gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus. Journal of Virology 86 (7): 3995-4008. doi: 10.1128/JVI.06540-11
World Economic Forum (WEF) (2020). The economic effects of the COVID-19 coronavirus around the world. Cologny, Switzerland: WEF.
World Health Assembly (WHA) (2020). Strengthening pandemicinfluenza preparedness and response: WHA58.5 2005. Geneva, Switzerland: WHA.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2020a). Global Influenza Surveillance Network Manual for the laboratory diagnosis and virological surveillance of influenza 2011. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2020b). Update on COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO
World Health Organization (WHO) (2020c). Laboratory Biosafety Manual (3rd ed), Geneva, 2004. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO
World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) (2015). Biological Threat Reduction Strategy, Strengthening Global Biological Security. In: OIE Global Conference on Biological Threat Reduction; Paris, France.
Wu Z, McGoogan JM (2020). Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314
Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Journal of the American Medical Association. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648
Zhang W, Du RH, Li B, Zheng XS, Yang XL et al. (2020). Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes. Emerging Microbes & Infections 9 (1): 386-389. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1729071
Zhiming Y (2019). Current status and future challenges of highlevel biosafety laboratories in China. Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 1: 123-127. doi: 10.1016/j.jobb.2019.09.005
Zhou P, Yang X-L, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L et al. (2020). A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B et al. (2019). A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMoa2001017
Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, Liang L, Huang H et al. (2020). SARSCoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients. New England Journal of Medicine. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMc2001737

APA	Ahmad T, H, Dhama K, Sharun K, Khan F, Ahmed I, Tiwari R, Musa T, Khan M, Bonilla-Aldana D, Rodriguez-Morales A, Jin H (2020). Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review. , 132 - 145. 10.3906/biy-2005-63
Chicago	Ahmad Tauseef, Haroon,Dhama Kuldeep,Sharun Khan,Khan Fazal Mehmood,Ahmed Irfan,Tiwari Ruchi,Musa Taha Hussein,Khan Muhammad,Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine,Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.,Jin Hui Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review. (2020): 132 - 145. 10.3906/biy-2005-63
MLA	Ahmad Tauseef, Haroon,Dhama Kuldeep,Sharun Khan,Khan Fazal Mehmood,Ahmed Irfan,Tiwari Ruchi,Musa Taha Hussein,Khan Muhammad,Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine,Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.,Jin Hui Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review. , 2020, ss.132 - 145. 10.3906/biy-2005-63
AMA	Ahmad T, H,Dhama K,Sharun K,Khan F,Ahmed I,Tiwari R,Musa T,Khan M,Bonilla-Aldana D,Rodriguez-Morales A,Jin H Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review. . 2020; 132 - 145. 10.3906/biy-2005-63
Vancouver	Ahmad T, H,Dhama K,Sharun K,Khan F,Ahmed I,Tiwari R,Musa T,Khan M,Bonilla-Aldana D,Rodriguez-Morales A,Jin H Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review. . 2020; 132 - 145. 10.3906/biy-2005-63
IEEE	Ahmad T, H,Dhama K,Sharun K,Khan F,Ahmed I,Tiwari R,Musa T,Khan M,Bonilla-Aldana D,Rodriguez-Morales A,Jin H "Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review." , ss.132 - 145, 2020. 10.3906/biy-2005-63
ISNAD	Ahmad, Tauseef vd. "Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review". (2020), 132-145. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-2005-63

APA	Ahmad T, H, Dhama K, Sharun K, Khan F, Ahmed I, Tiwari R, Musa T, Khan M, Bonilla-Aldana D, Rodriguez-Morales A, Jin H (2020). Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review. Turkish Journal of Biology, 44(3), 132 - 145. 10.3906/biy-2005-63
Chicago	Ahmad Tauseef, Haroon,Dhama Kuldeep,Sharun Khan,Khan Fazal Mehmood,Ahmed Irfan,Tiwari Ruchi,Musa Taha Hussein,Khan Muhammad,Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine,Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.,Jin Hui Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review. Turkish Journal of Biology 44, no.3 (2020): 132 - 145. 10.3906/biy-2005-63
MLA	Ahmad Tauseef, Haroon,Dhama Kuldeep,Sharun Khan,Khan Fazal Mehmood,Ahmed Irfan,Tiwari Ruchi,Musa Taha Hussein,Khan Muhammad,Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine,Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.,Jin Hui Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review. Turkish Journal of Biology, vol.44, no.3, 2020, ss.132 - 145. 10.3906/biy-2005-63
AMA	Ahmad T, H,Dhama K,Sharun K,Khan F,Ahmed I,Tiwari R,Musa T,Khan M,Bonilla-Aldana D,Rodriguez-Morales A,Jin H Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review. Turkish Journal of Biology. 2020; 44(3): 132 - 145. 10.3906/biy-2005-63
Vancouver	Ahmad T, H,Dhama K,Sharun K,Khan F,Ahmed I,Tiwari R,Musa T,Khan M,Bonilla-Aldana D,Rodriguez-Morales A,Jin H Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review. Turkish Journal of Biology. 2020; 44(3): 132 - 145. 10.3906/biy-2005-63
IEEE	Ahmad T, H,Dhama K,Sharun K,Khan F,Ahmed I,Tiwari R,Musa T,Khan M,Bonilla-Aldana D,Rodriguez-Morales A,Jin H "Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review." Turkish Journal of Biology, 44, ss.132 - 145, 2020. 10.3906/biy-2005-63
ISNAD	Ahmad, Tauseef vd. "Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review". Turkish Journal of Biology 44/3 (2020), 132-145. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-2005-63