Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 109 - 135 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.55020/iojpe.1052521 İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH

Öz:
It is important to support children’s appropriate behaviors and social skills to extinguish problem behaviors at an early stage as much as possible. Therefore, researchers are in search of effective evidence-based interventions to deal with the problem behaviors of young children. The “Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) Approach” seems to be the most widespread approach since the 2000s. PBIS aims to increase the quality of life of the child by making positive changes in the environment of the child. The study explores the effectiveness of the School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports Turkish education model (SWPIBS-TR) on problem behaviors and social skills within the early childhood settings. The intervention was carried out in four main stages and 14 steps. The study was conducted with the school managers, teachers, school staff, primary caregivers, and all children with and without disabilities in a preschool/kindergarten in Turkey. The research is mixed-method research and the "parallel convergent research" model has been adopted. The findings indicated significant decreases in the problem behaviors of children and increases in the social skills level. So, researchers, policymakers, and teachers should put the SWPBIS-TR approaches in their curriculum in Turkey.
Anahtar Kelime: positive behavior/al support social skills. early intervention school wide positive behavior/al support Behavioral problem

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Algozzine, B., Daunic, A. P., & Smith, S. W. (2010). Preventing problem behaviors: School-wide programs and classroom practices (2nd edition). California, CA: Corwin Publication.
  • Alisinanoğlu, F., & Özbey, S. (2009). Anaokulu ve anasınıfı davranış ölçeğinin geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Validity and reliability study of kindergarten and kindergarten behavior scale]. The Journal of International Social Research, 2(6), 493- 517. https://toad.halileksi.net/sites/default/files/pdf/anaokulu-ve-anasinifi-davranis-olcegi-toad.pdf
  • Alisinanoğlu, F., Özbey, S., & Kesicioğlu, O. S. (2012). Impact of social skill and problem behavior training program on children attending preschool: A survey. Academic Researh International, 2(2), 321-330.
  • Atbaşı, Z. (2016). Sınıf içi davranışların düzenlenmesinde sınıf genelinde olumlu davranış desteği programı: Check-In/Check-Out uygulaması [Class-wide positive behavior support program in regulating classroom behaviors: Check-In/Check-Out Application] (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Gazi University, Ankara
  • Atbaşı, Z., Karasu, N., & Tavil, Z. (2018). Positive behavior support program throughout the classroom: The implementation of the check-in/check-out program. Education and Science, 44(197), 1-16. Doi: 10.15390/EB.2018.7588
  • Benedict, A. E., Horner, R. H., & Squires, J. K. (2007). Assessment and implementation of positive behavior support in preschools. Preschool Positive Behavior Support, 27(3), 174-192. https://doi.org/10.1177/02711214070270030801
  • Bradshaw, C. P., Mitchell, M. M., & Leaf, P. J.(2010). Examining the effects of schoolwide positive behavioral interventions and supports on student outcomes. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 12(3), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300709334798
  • Carr, E. G., Dunlap, G., Horner, R. H., Koegel, R. L., Turnbull, A. P., Sailor, W., Anderson, J. L., Albin, R. W., Koegel, L. K., & Fox, L. (2002). Positive behavior support: Evolution of an applied science. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 4, 4-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/109830070200400102
  • Cihan, N. (2014). Okullarda değerler eğitimi ve Türkiye’deki uygulamaya bir bakış [Values Education at Schools and Its Practice in Turkey]. Turkish Studies, 9(2), 429-436. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.6402
  • Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research desing: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. California, CA: Sage Publicationa.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2007). Designing and conducting mix methods research. California, CA: Sage Publicationa.
  • Dereli-İman, E. (2013). Çocuklar için sosyal problem çözme ölçeğinin 6 yaş grubu için Türkiye uyarlaması ve okul öncesi davranış problemleri ile sosyal problem çözme becerileri arasındaki ilişkiler [The Turkish adaptation of the social problem solving scale for children for the 6-year-old group and the relationships between preschool behavior problems and social problem solving skills]. Educational Sciences:Theory and Practice, 13(1), 479-498.
  • Diken, H. İ., & Rutherford, B. R. (2005). First Step to Success early intervention program: A study of effectiveness with Native-American children. Education and Treatment of Children 28(4), 444-465. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42899864 Eliana, G., Thomas, D., & Currie, J. 2002. Longer-term effects of Head Start. American Economic Review, 92(4), 999-1012. Doi: 10.1257/00028280260344560
  • Erbaş, D. (2008). Özel eğitim öğretmenleri tarafından uygulanan olumlu davranışsal destek programının etkililiği [The effectiveness of the positive behavioral support program implemented by special education teachers]. Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Journal of Special Education, 9(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1501/Ozlegt_0000000123
  • Erbaş, D., & Yücesoy Özkan, Ş. (2010). Problem davranışları azaltmada olumlu davranışsal destek uygulamaları: Aile ve öğretmen eğitimi el kitabı [Positive behavioral support practices in reducing problem behaviors: Family and teacher education handbook]. Ankara: Maya Akademi
  • Er-Sabuncuoğlu, M., & Diken, İ. H. (2010). Early Childhood Intervention in Turkey: Current situation, challenges and suggestions. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE), 2(2), 149-160.
  • Faul, A., Stepensky, K., & Simonsen, B. (2012). The effects of prompting appropriate behavior on the off-task behavior of two middle school students. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 14(1), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300711410702
  • Fox, L., Dunlap, G., Hemmeter, M. L., Joseph, G. E., & Strain, P. S. (2003). The teaching pyramid: A model for supporting social competence and preventing challenging behavior in young children. The National Association for the Education of Young Children. http://csefel.vanderbilt.edu/resources/inftodd/mod4/4.7.pdf.
  • Fox, L., & Little, N. (2001). Starting early: Developing school-wide behavior support in a community preschool. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 3(4), 251-254. https://doi.org/10.1177/109830070100300406
  • Golly, A. M., Stiller, B., & Walker, H. M. (1998). First Step to Success: Replication and social validation of an early intervention program. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 6, 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1177/106342669800600406
  • Horner, H. R., & Sugai, G. (2000). School-wide behavior support: An emerging initiative. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2(4), 231-232. https://www.proquest.com/openview/74f094cfa454fa381a2c8a9472c0fbc6/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=46877
  • Hundert, J. P. (2007). Training classroom and resource preschool teachers to develop inclusive class interventions for children with disabilities: Generalization to new ıntervention targets. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 9(3), 159-173. https://doi.org/10.1177/10983007070090030401
  • Kincaid, D., Dundalp, G., Kern, L., Lane, K. L., Bambara L. M., Brown, F., Fox, L., & Knoster T. P. (2016). Positive behavior support: A proposal for updating and refining the definition. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 18(2), 69-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300715604826
  • Medley, S. N., Little, G. S., & Akin-Little, A. (2008). Comparing individual behavior plans from schools with and without schoolwide positive behavior support: A preliminary study. J Behav Educ, 17, 93-110. Doi: 10.1007/s10864-007-9053-y
  • Melekoğlu, M., Bal, A., & Diken, İ. H. (2017). Implementing school-wide positive behavior ınterventions and supports (SWPBIS) for early identification and prevention of problem behaviors in Turkey. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE), 9(2), 98-110. Doi: 10.20489/intjecse.368483.
  • Melekoğlu, M., (2017). Erken çocukluk döneminde okul çaplı olumlu davranış desteği eğitim modeli etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of the effectiveness of the school-wide positive behavior support education model in early childhood] (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Anadolu University, Eskişehir.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, M. A. (1994). An expanded sourcebook qualitative data analysis (2nd Edition). California, CA: Sage Publication.
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2013). Okul öncesi eğitim programı [Pre-school education program]. http://tegm.meb.gov.tr/dosya/okuloncesi/ooproram.pdf
  • Nelen, M. J. M., Blonk, A., Scholte, R. H. J., & Denessen, E. (2020). School-wide positive behavior ınterventions and supports: Fidelity of tier 1 implementation in 117 dutch schools. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 22(3), 156-166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300719879621
  • Olcay, S., Koç, M., Vuran, S., & Koksal, M. S., (2020). Effectiveness of class-wide positive behavioral support ıntervention in teaching social skills to students in a primary school activity club. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 12(1), 185-201. Doi: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V12I1.20104
  • Öğülmüş, K., & Vuran, S. (2016). Schoolwide positive behavioral interventions and support practices: Review of studies in the journal of positive behavior ınterventions. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 16, 1693-1710. Doi: 10.12738/estp.2016.5.0264
  • Simonsen, B., Sugai, G., & Negron, M. (2008). Schoolwide positive behavior supports primary systems and practices. Teaching Exceptional Children, 40(6) 32-40. Doi:10.1177/004005990804000604
  • Smith, S. C., Lewis, T. J., & Stormont, M. (2011). The effectiveness of two universal behavioral supports for children with externalizing behavior in Head Start classrooms. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 13(3), 133-143. Doi: 10.1177/1098300710379053
  • Steed, E. A., & Webb, M. L. (2012). The psychometric properties of the preschool-wide evaluation tool (PreSET). Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 15(4), 231-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300712459357
  • Stormont, M., Lewis, J. T., & Beckner, R. (2005a). Positive Behavior Support Systems: Applying Key Features in Preschool Settings. Teaching Exceptional Children, 37(6), 42-49. Doi: 10.1177/004005990503700605
  • Stormont, M., Lewis, J. T., Beckner, R., & Johnson, W. N. (2008). Implementing positive behavior support systems in early childhood and elementary settings. California, CA: Corwin Press.
  • Stormont, M., Lewis, J. T., & Covington, S. (2005b). Behavior support strategies in early childhood settings: Teacher’s importance and feasibility ratings. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 7, 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/10983007050070030201
  • Sugai, G., & Horner, R. (2002). The Evolution of discipline practices: School-wide positive behavior supports. Behavior Psychology in the Schools, 24(1/2), 23-50. https://doi.org/10.1300/J019v24n01_03
  • Sugai, G., & Horner, R. R. (2006). A promising approach for expanding and sustaining school-wide positive behavior support. School Psychology Review, 35(2), 245-259. https://doi.org/10.1177/109830070000200302
  • Sugai, G., Horner, R., Dunlap, G., Hieneman, M., Lewis, T. J., Nelson, C. M., Scott, T., Liaupsin, C., Sailor, W., Turnbull, A. P., Turnbull, H., Wikham, D., Wilcox, B., & Ruef, M. (2000). Applying positive behavior supports and functional behavioral assessment in schools. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2, 131-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/109830070000200302
  • Tomris, G., (2012). Problem davranışları önlemede başarıya ilk adım erken eğitim programı anaokulu versiyonuna yönelik öğretmen, ebeveyn ve rehberlerin görüşleri [Opinions of teachers, parents and guides on the kindergarten version of the early education program that is the first step to success in preventing problem behaviors] (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Anadolu University, Eskişehir.
  • United Nations Children’s Fund [UNICEF]) (2001). The state of the World’s children. http://www.unicef.org/sowc/archive/ENGLISH/The%20State%20of%20the%20World's%20Children%202001.pdf.
  • Ünlü, E., Vuran, S., Akdoğan, E. F., Güven, D.,Yönter, S., & Çaltık, E. S. (2013). Class-wide positive behavior support plan on adhering to the classroom rules. Elementary Education Online, 12(4), 912-925.
  • Walker, H. M. (1998). First step to prevent antisocial behavior. Teaching Exceptional Children, 3(4), 16-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/004005999803000403
  • Walker, H. M., Horner, R. H., Sugai, G., Bullis, M., R. Sprague, J. R., Bricker, D., & Kaufman, M. J. (1996). Integrated approaches to preventing antisocial behavior patterns among school-age children and youth. Journal of Emotional And Behavioral Disorders, 4(4), 194-209. https://doi.org/10.1177/106342669600400401
  • Young, E. L., Caldarella, P., Richardson, M. J., & Young, K. R. (2012). Positive behavior support in secondary schools. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Yurtal, F., & Yaşar, M. (2008). Sınıf yönetimini etkileyen faktörler [Factors affecting classroom management]. Y. Aktaş Arnas and F. Sadık (Ed.). Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Sınıf Yönetimi içinde [In Classroom Management in Preschool Education] (14-57). Ankara: Kök Publishing.
APA MELEKOGLU M, DIKEN I (2022). THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH. , 109 - 135. 10.55020/iojpe.1052521
Chicago MELEKOGLU MERAL,DIKEN IBRAHIM HALIL THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH. (2022): 109 - 135. 10.55020/iojpe.1052521
MLA MELEKOGLU MERAL,DIKEN IBRAHIM HALIL THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH. , 2022, ss.109 - 135. 10.55020/iojpe.1052521
AMA MELEKOGLU M,DIKEN I THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH. . 2022; 109 - 135. 10.55020/iojpe.1052521
Vancouver MELEKOGLU M,DIKEN I THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH. . 2022; 109 - 135. 10.55020/iojpe.1052521
IEEE MELEKOGLU M,DIKEN I "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH." , ss.109 - 135, 2022. 10.55020/iojpe.1052521
ISNAD MELEKOGLU, MERAL - DIKEN, IBRAHIM HALIL. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH". (2022), 109-135. https://doi.org/10.55020/iojpe.1052521
APA MELEKOGLU M, DIKEN I (2022). THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH. International Online Journal of Primary Education, 11(1), 109 - 135. 10.55020/iojpe.1052521
Chicago MELEKOGLU MERAL,DIKEN IBRAHIM HALIL THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH. International Online Journal of Primary Education 11, no.1 (2022): 109 - 135. 10.55020/iojpe.1052521
MLA MELEKOGLU MERAL,DIKEN IBRAHIM HALIL THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH. International Online Journal of Primary Education, vol.11, no.1, 2022, ss.109 - 135. 10.55020/iojpe.1052521
AMA MELEKOGLU M,DIKEN I THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH. International Online Journal of Primary Education. 2022; 11(1): 109 - 135. 10.55020/iojpe.1052521
Vancouver MELEKOGLU M,DIKEN I THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH. International Online Journal of Primary Education. 2022; 11(1): 109 - 135. 10.55020/iojpe.1052521
IEEE MELEKOGLU M,DIKEN I "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH." International Online Journal of Primary Education, 11, ss.109 - 135, 2022. 10.55020/iojpe.1052521
ISNAD MELEKOGLU, MERAL - DIKEN, IBRAHIM HALIL. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND SUPPORTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS: A MIXED MODEL RESEARCH". International Online Journal of Primary Education 11/1 (2022), 109-135. https://doi.org/10.55020/iojpe.1052521