The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature

ÖZDAĞ, UFUK

The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature

Ufuk ÖZDAĞ (Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Amerikan Kültürü ve Edebiyatı Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye)

Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi

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Yıl: 2005 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 135 - 149 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature

Öz:

Günümüz hayvan davranış bilimcileri arasında havvan zihni ve duygulan konusuna ve etiğin evrimi sürecinde bu konunun insanoğluna getirdiği etik sorumluluklar üzerine gittikçe artan bir ilgi vardır. Ancak edebiyatta bu yeni alanda fazla yapıt bulunmaz. Amerikalı yazarlar Alice Walker ve Edward Abbey'nin atların duygu ve düşünce dünyalarını ve acı çekme yetilerini ele aldıkları kurgu olmayan eserleri, "Am I Blue" ve "The Moon-Eyed Horse," bu alanda yazılmış az sayıdaki eserden ikisidir. Bu eserlerde anlatım, doğal ortamlarda hayvanlarda duygu, düşünce ve bilinç konularım inceleyerek hayvanların zengin duygusal dünyaları olduğu sonucuna ulaşan bilişsel etologların anekdotlanyla benzerlik gösterir. Etoloji, zaman içinde, ahlaki yükümlülüğün insanoğlunun dışındaki cknlı varlıklara da genişlemesini sağlayarak, hayvanlara eziyetin etik kapsama alınmasını sağlayacaktır. Walker ve Abbey'nin, çağın bilimsel görüşlerini kucaklayan, hayvan zihni ve duygulan üzerine eserleri etologların çalışmalarına ve çevre engine katkılanndan dolayı önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelime: hayvanlar hayvan hakları etoloji amerikan edebiyatı hayvan davranışı edebiyat etik

Öz:

There is an increasing scientific interest, among animal behaviorists, in the mental and notional world of animals, and in the need to extend ethical concern to the nonhuman world in tfie process of the evolution of ethics. Yet, in the field of literature, this recent topic has attracted e attention of very few authors. The nonfictional works of Alice Walker and Edward Abbey, "Am Hue" and "The Moon-Eyed Horse," in which the authors delve into the emotional and cognitive lives of horses and their capacity for suffering, are two of these few literary texts. The narratives in! these works have much in common with the anecdotes of cognitive ethologists who investigate II dnimal emotions, cognition, and consciousness in natural habitats and who conclude that animals have rich emotional lives. It is anticipated that, in time, ethology will secure the extension of ethics to the nonhuman world, and thus, cruelty to animals will become a topic for ethical 1} considerability. Walker's and Abbey's texts on animal minds and emotions, in which they willingly if- efiibrace scientific ideas of their day, are significant in view of their contribution to the research of ethologists and to environmental ethics. Key words:Ethics, evolution of ethics, ethology, cognitive ethology, ethology in literature, animal minds, animal behaviorist, cruel treatment to animals.

Anahtar Kelime: literature ethics animals animal rights ethology american literature animal behavior

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	ÖZDAĞ U (2005). The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature. , 135 - 149.
Chicago	ÖZDAĞ UFUK The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature. (2005): 135 - 149.
MLA	ÖZDAĞ UFUK The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature. , 2005, ss.135 - 149.
AMA	ÖZDAĞ U The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature. . 2005; 135 - 149.
Vancouver	ÖZDAĞ U The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature. . 2005; 135 - 149.
IEEE	ÖZDAĞ U "The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature." , ss.135 - 149, 2005.
ISNAD	ÖZDAĞ, UFUK. "The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature". (2005), 135-149.

APA	ÖZDAĞ U (2005). The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 135 - 149.
Chicago	ÖZDAĞ UFUK The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 22, no.2 (2005): 135 - 149.
MLA	ÖZDAĞ UFUK The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.22, no.2, 2005, ss.135 - 149.
AMA	ÖZDAĞ U The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2005; 22(2): 135 - 149.
Vancouver	ÖZDAĞ U The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2005; 22(2): 135 - 149.
IEEE	ÖZDAĞ U "The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature." Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22, ss.135 - 149, 2005.
ISNAD	ÖZDAĞ, UFUK. "The Turning of the Tide: The Evolution of Ethics and Contemporary Moral Considerations Regarding Nonhuman Entities in American Literature". Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 22/2 (2005), 135-149.