Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions

Mutlu, Halim

Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions

Halim MUTLU (Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Eskişehir, Türkiye)

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

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Yıl: 2007 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 13 - 32 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions

Öz:

Kuzeybatı Anadolu'da yer alan Balıkesir bölgesi termal suları 31.8-98.5 C arasında değişen sıcaklık, 6.40 ile 8.40 arasında seyreden nötre yakın pH ve 327-2578 mg/l aralığındaki Toplam çözünmüş Madde (TDS) değerleri sergilemektedir. Bölgede, sıcaklıkları yüksek olan sular Na2SO4-NaHCO3, ılık sular ise CaHCO3 tipte bir bileşime sahiptir. Balıkesir bölgesi sıcak sularındaki iz element bileşimleri önemli değişimler göstermektedir. Sulardaki ve karbonat çökellerindeki alkali toprak metal bileşimlerinin karşılaştırılması sonucunda, magnezyum ve baryumun hareketli davranış sergiledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Katı ve akışkan fazlardaki stronsiyum bileşimi genellikle sabit bir değer gšstermektedir. Sulardaki ve karbonat çökellerindeki Li/Cs ve B/Cl oranlarının benzer değerler gšstermeleri, bu iyonların basit kayaç çözünme işlevi neticesinde suya katıldıklarına işaret etmektedir. Mineral-denge hesaplamaları, CO2'in termal suların kimyasal bileşimi üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğunu göstermiş ve akışkan bileşimlerinin denge durumu ile değil kayaç çözünme işlevi tarafından denetlendiğini ortaya koymuştur. Balıkesir bölgesi termal sularına uygulanan jeotermometre hesaplamaları 200 C'lik maksimum rezervuar sıcaklığı öngörmüştür. $delta^{18}O, delta D$ bileşimleri suların kökeninin meteorik olduğunu göstermiştir. Termal sulardaki sülfat için analiz edilen $delta^{34}S $ bileşimleri -5.5 ile +25.2 $permil$ arasında değişmektedir. Bazı suların kükürt izotop bileşimleri karasal evaporitlere karşılık gelirken, bir kısım sulardaki kükürt ise sülfat indirgenme işlevi neticesinde oluşmuştur. Termal sulardaki çözünmüş inorganik karbon üzerinde analiz edilen $delta^{13}C$ bileşimleri -17.7 ile +0.7 $permil$ arasında değişmektedir. Kükürt gibi, karbonun da farklı kökenler sergilediği tespit edilmiştir. Sıcaklıkları yüksek olan sulardaki karbonun denizel karbonatların çözünmesinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Bölgedeki denizel karbonat kayalarının karbon izotop bileşimleri bunu destekler niteliktedir. Buna karşın, düşük sıcaklıktaki sulardaki karbon ise organik bir köken sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Jeoloji

Duraylı izotop ($delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $) ve ana iz element bileşimleri ile Balıkesir (Türkiye) sıcak sularının kökeninin irdelenmesi

Öz:

The Balıkesir thermal waters in northwestern Turkey have discharge temperatures in the range of 31.8-98.5 C, near neutral pH values of 6.40 to 8.40 and TDS contents between 327 and 2578 mg/l. Samples display variable chemical compositions changing from high-temperature Na2SO4-NaHCO3 waters to warmer CaHCO3 waters. Trace element concentrations of the waters show significant variation. Comparison between the concentrations of alkaline earth metals in waters and carbonate deposits reveals mobile behavior for Mg and Ba. The ratio of strontium to calcium concentrations in solid and liquid phases was found to be almost the same. Li/Cs and B/Cl ratios of waters and carbonates are similar suggesting the operation of a simple rock leaching process. Mineral equilibrium calculations imply that the CO2 concentration has a great effect on the chemistry of the thermal waters and that most fluid compositions are controlled by rock dissolution rather than equilibration. The chemical geothermometers applied to the Balıkesir thermal waters yield a maximum reservoir temperature of 200 C. The $delta^{18}O, delta D$ compositions clearly indicate a meteoric origin for the waters. $delta^{34}S $ contents of sulfate in thermal waters range from -5.5 to +25.2 $permil$. Sulfur isotope compositions of some waters correspond to those of non-marine evaporates while sulfur in others is derived from sulfate reduction. The $delta^{13}C$ ratio for dissolved inorganic carbonate in the waters lies between -17.7 and +0.7$permil$. There are also multiple sources of carbon. In high-temperature waters carbon is thought to originate from the dissolution of marine carbonates, an interpretation supported by carbon isotope compositions of marine carbonate rocks in the region. Carbon in low-temperature waters is derived from an organic source.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Jeoloji

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	Mutlu H (2007). Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions. , 13 - 32.
Chicago	Mutlu Halim Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions. (2007): 13 - 32.
MLA	Mutlu Halim Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions. , 2007, ss.13 - 32.
AMA	Mutlu H Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions. . 2007; 13 - 32.
Vancouver	Mutlu H Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions. . 2007; 13 - 32.
IEEE	Mutlu H "Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions." , ss.13 - 32, 2007.
ISNAD	Mutlu, Halim. "Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions". (2007), 13-32.

APA	Mutlu H (2007). Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 16(1), 13 - 32.
Chicago	Mutlu Halim Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 16, no.1 (2007): 13 - 32.
MLA	Mutlu Halim Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.16, no.1, 2007, ss.13 - 32.
AMA	Mutlu H Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2007; 16(1): 13 - 32.
Vancouver	Mutlu H Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2007; 16(1): 13 - 32.
IEEE	Mutlu H "Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions." Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 16, ss.13 - 32, 2007.
ISNAD	Mutlu, Halim. "Constraints on the origin of the Balıkesir thermal waters (Turkey) from stable isotope ($ delta^{18}O, delta D, delta^{13}C, delta^{34}S $ )and major-trace element compositions". Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 16/1 (2007), 13-32.