Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils

YOLCUBAL, İRFAN; AKYOL, NİHAT HAKAN

Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils

İrfan YOLCUBAL, (Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Kocaeli, Türkiye)

Nihat Hakan AKYOL (Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Kocaeli, Türkiye)

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

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Yıl: 2007 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 363 - 379 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils

Öz:

Krom'un yüksek derecede zehirli (toksisiteli) ve çözünürlüklü bir türü olan krom(VI), dünyada birçok kirlenmiş sahada yaygın olarak bulunan toprak ve yeraltı suyu kirleticisidir; çevreye bırakıldığında insan sağlığı için ciddi bir risk teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kirlenme riski yüksek bir karst akifer sistemi üzerindeki yüksek miktarda karbonat içeren alkali örtü toprağında Cr(VI) türlerinin taşınma ve tutunma davranışlarını belirlemektir. Statik tutunma (sorpsiyon) deneyleri ve ayrıca doygun ve doygun olmayan duraylı akım koşullarında gerçekleştirilmiş kolon deneyleri, alkali toprak koşullarında Cr(VI)'nın tutunma, geri bırakma (desorpsiyon) ve taşınımını değerlendirmede kullanılmışlardır. Statik tutunma deneylerinin sonuçları krom(VI)'nın sorpsiyonunun 200 mg $L^{-1}$ Cr(VI) başlangıç konsantrasyonuna kadar doğrusal olduğunu göstermiştir. Statik tutunma ve kolon deneylerinden elde edilen $K_d$ değerleri Cr(VI) sorpsiyonunun oldukça düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Statik tutunma deneylerinden hesaplanan ortalama $K_d$ değeri (0.53 L $Kg^{-1}$) kolon deneylerinden elde edilen ortalama $K_d$ değerinden (0.09 L $Kg^{-1}$) altı kat daha büyüktür. Kolon deneylerinin sonuçları hem doygun hem de doygun olmayan akım koşullarında, krom(VI)'nın tepkili (reaktif) olmayan klora göre göreceli taşınımınin çok az derece gecikmeye uğradığını göstermiştir. Kolon toprakları üzerinde gerçekleştirilen katı-sıvı ayırma (ekstraksiyon) çalışmaları, Cr(VI) anyonlarının (baskın olarak $CrO_4^{-2}$, $HCrO_4^-$) topraktaki kolayca değişebilen tutunma yüzeylerine geri bırakmayla geçici olarak tutunduklarını ve tutunmanın tersinir olduğunu ayrıca ortaya koymuştur. Kolon deneylerinden elde edilen düşük gecikme (reterdasyon) katsayıları ve Kd değerleri, Cr(VI) türlerinin yüksek oranda karbonat içeren toprak koşullarında çok hareketli (mobil) ve biyolojik alım için oldukça elverişli olduklarını önermektedir. Bu durum krom(VI) ile kirlenmiş benzer topraklarda kirlenmenin yayılmasını ve yeraltı suyu kaynaklarını kirletme riskini artırmaktadır. Ancak, biyolojik alım için elverişli olmak, fitoiyileştirmede (fitoremediyasyonda) olduğu gibi, krom (VI) ile kirlenmiş toprakların temizlenip eski haline dönüşütülmesi için önemli bir etken ise bitki alımı için Cr(VI) elverişliliğinin artması Cr(VI)'nın topraktan uzaklaştırılmasını hızlandıracaktır.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Jeoloji

Karbonatlı karst topraklarda hekzavalent krom'un taşınımı ve tutunumu

Öz:

Hexavalent chromium, which is a highly toxic and soluble form of the element chromium, is a common soil and groundwater contaminant found in many contaminated sites throughout the world and poses a serious risk to human health when released into environment. The objective of this study was to determine transport and retention behaviour of aqueous Cr(VI) species in a highly calcareous and alkaline top soil of a karst system that is vulnerable to contamination. Batch sorption studies and column experiments conducted at both saturated and unsaturated steady-state flow conditions were used to evaluate the sorption/desorption and the transport of Cr(VI) in the alkaline soil conditions. The results of batch experiments indicated that Cr(VI) sorption was linear up to 200 mg $L^{-1}$ of Cr(VI) initial concentration. $K_d$ values obtained from both batch and column studies showed that Cr(VI) sorption was relatively low. The average $K_d$ value obtained from batch studies (0.53 L $Kg^{-1}$) was about six times higher than the average $K_d$ value (0.09 L $Kg^{-1}$) obtained from column studies. The results of the column experiments showed that transport of Cr(VI) was slightly retarded compared to non-reactive tracer at both saturated and unsaturated flow conditions. Extraction studies conducted on the soil columns also revealed that Cr(VI) oxyanions (dominantly $CrO_4^{-2}$, $HCrO_4^-$) were only temporarily retained by adsorption to easily exchangeable sorption sites in the soil and the sorption was reversible. Low retardation factors and $K_d$ values obtained from column experiments suggest that Cr(VI) species are very mobile and bioavailable in highly calcareous soil conditions. This increases the spreading of contamination in such contaminated systems with Cr(VI) and contamination risk of groundwater resources. However, if the bioavailability is a key factor for remediating Cr(VI) contaminated soil, as in phytoremediation, increased availability of Cr(VI) for plant uptake in calcareous soil will enhance its removal.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Jeoloji

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	YOLCUBAL İ, AKYOL N (2007). Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils. , 363 - 379.
Chicago	YOLCUBAL İRFAN,AKYOL NİHAT HAKAN Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils. (2007): 363 - 379.
MLA	YOLCUBAL İRFAN,AKYOL NİHAT HAKAN Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils. , 2007, ss.363 - 379.
AMA	YOLCUBAL İ,AKYOL N Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils. . 2007; 363 - 379.
Vancouver	YOLCUBAL İ,AKYOL N Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils. . 2007; 363 - 379.
IEEE	YOLCUBAL İ,AKYOL N "Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils." , ss.363 - 379, 2007.
ISNAD	YOLCUBAL, İRFAN - AKYOL, NİHAT HAKAN. "Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils". (2007), 363-379.

APA	YOLCUBAL İ, AKYOL N (2007). Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 16(3), 363 - 379.
Chicago	YOLCUBAL İRFAN,AKYOL NİHAT HAKAN Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 16, no.3 (2007): 363 - 379.
MLA	YOLCUBAL İRFAN,AKYOL NİHAT HAKAN Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.16, no.3, 2007, ss.363 - 379.
AMA	YOLCUBAL İ,AKYOL N Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2007; 16(3): 363 - 379.
Vancouver	YOLCUBAL İ,AKYOL N Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2007; 16(3): 363 - 379.
IEEE	YOLCUBAL İ,AKYOL N "Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils." Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 16, ss.363 - 379, 2007.
ISNAD	YOLCUBAL, İRFAN - AKYOL, NİHAT HAKAN. "Retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in calcareous karst soils". Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 16/3 (2007), 363-379.