Candida species are the most important causes of nosocomial fungal infection. Candida albicans remains the most prevalent yeast isolated from blood cultures; however, an increase in the proportion of candida bloodstream isolates due to non-albicans species has been reported. In this study, the specimens of neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies were analyzed to evaluate the colonization and infection by Candida species. Forty febrile neutropenic patients hospitalized in the Mersin University Hospital between March 2003 and December 2005 were evaluated. Of these patients 19 were female, 21 were male and the mean age was 53.62 ± 18.42 years. The underlying diseases in all patients were hematological malignancies. All patients were in the high risk group during attacks according to MASCC scoring system. A total of 88 yeast strains were identified in terms of fermentation and assimilation reactions with API 32C and conventional methods: 39 C. albicans (44.3%) and 49 (%55.7) non-albicans species including 17 (19.3%) C. tropicalis, 12 (13.7%) C. parapsilosis, 10 (11.4%) C. glabrata, 6 (6.8%) C. kefyr, and 4 (4.5%) C. krusei. The most frequently isolated species from blood cultures was C. parapsilosis (41.3%). Thirty-two patients had empiric antifungal therapy for an average of 15.92±9.71 days. In conclusion, a high isolation rate of non-albicans Candida species (55.7%) was determined. This will be a guide for the choice of empiric antifungal therapy as well as determining the causes of increasing rate of non-albicans Candida isolation.