Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain
Yıl: 2004 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 223 - 230 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022
Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain
Öz: Damla sulama sisteminin etkinliği damlatıcılardan çıkan debinin eşdeşliğine bağlıdır. Her yönüyle aynı iki damlatıcının üretimi imkansızdır. Yapım farklılık katsayısı, damlatıcılardaki debi değişiminin belirlenmesinde kullanılır. Çalışmada; içten geçmeli damlatıcılardaki yapım farklılıkları ile değişik basınçlardaki debiler, üretici firma ve test sonuçları ile kıyaslanmıştır. Üretici firmalardan elde edilen değişik türden 9 damlatıcının beş ayrı işletme başmandaki debileri ölçülmüştür. Basınç düzenleyicin damlatıcılar 50, 100, 150, 200 ve 250 kPa altında buna karşılık basınç düzenleyicisiz damlatıcılar 250 kPa işletme basıncı haricinde aynı şekilde test edilmiştir. Basınç düzenleyicisiz damlatıcılarda, damlatıcı katsayısı 0.60 ile 0.85 arasında değişirken bu değer basınç düzenleyicin damlatıcılarda 0.02 ile 0.05 arasında olmuştur. Üretici firmalar tarafından önerilen işletme basıncında test edilen yedi basınç düzenleyicisiz damlatıcılardan yalnız bir tanesi ± %10 sınırı içinde kalmıştır. Buna karşın test edilen her iki basınç düzenleyicili damlatıcıda debi değişimi bu sınır içinde kalmıştır. Üretici firmalar tarafından önerilen işletme başmandaki ortalama damlatıcı debileri ile test sonucunda ölçülen ortalama damlatıcı debileri arasında yapılan t-istatistiği ($alpha$ <0.05), önemsiz bir ilişkinin olduğunu göstermiştir. ASAE standartlarına göre, yapım farklılık katsayısı, basınç düzenleyicisiz damlatıcıiarda kabul edilemez sınırlar içinde iken basınç düzenleyicili damlatıcılarda mükemmel sınır içinde kalmıştır.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Harran Ovası sulamasında kullanılan damlatıcıların hidrolik performansının belirlenmesi
Öz: Trickle irrigation systems efficiency depends on system uniformity, which is determined by water discharge uniformity from emitters. It is impossible to produce 2 identical emitters due to manufacturing variations. The manufacturer's coefficient of variance is used as a measure of discharge variations of emitters. In this study, manufacturers reported discharge rates and coefficients of manufacturing variation (CVm) values were compared with test results for various types of in-line emitters manufactured by 4 different companies in Turkey. A total of 9 drip irrigation lines, comprising 7 non-compensating and 2 compensating emitters, were tested, at 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kPa pressures. Non-compensating emitter types were not tested at 250 kPa. Compensating emitter exponents ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 while non-compensating emitters' values varied between 0.60 and 0.85. Test results showed that only 1 of the 7 non-compensating emitters and both compensating emitters had flow rates within ± 10% of manufacturers' reported values. The t-test between manufacturers' reported and measured mean flow rates at manufacturers' reported nominal operating heads showed that there was no significant statistical difference at the $alpha$ < 0.05 level. According to ASAE standards, the measured coefficients of manufacturing variation values for non-compensating emitters were not acceptable, although compensating emitters were in the excellent class.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Al-Amound, A.I. 1995. Significance of energy losses due to emitter connections in trickle irrigation lines. J. Agric. Eng. fRes., 60: 1- 5.
- ASAE, 1996. ASAE standards engineering practices data. 43rd.^edition, Ml, USA. p. 864.
- Bhatnagar, P.R and R.C. Srivastava. 2003. Gravity-fed drip irrigation system for hilly terraces of the northwest Himalayas. Irrig. Sci., 21: 151-157.
- Boswell, MJ. 1985. Design characteristics of line-source drip tubes. Proceedings of the third International Drip/Trickle Irrigation Congress, Volume 1, California, USA. pp. 306-312.
- Bralts, V.F and 1-P Wu. 1979. Emitter flow variation and uniformity for drip irrigation. ASAE paper no. 79-2099. ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan, USA.
- Bralts, V.F., I-P. Wu and H.M. Gitlin. 1981. Manufacturing variation and drip irrigation uniformity. Transactions of the ASAE 24: 113-119.
- Braud, HJ and A.M. Soon. 1980. Trickle irrigation design for improved application uniformity. ASAE and CSAE national meeting on trickle (drip) irrigation, paper no. 79-2571, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Capra, A and B. Scicolone. 1998. Water quality and distribution uniformity in drip/trickle irrigation systems. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 70: 355-365.
- Decroix, M and A. Malaval. 1985. Laboratory evaluation of trickle irrigation equipment for field system design. Proceedings of the third International Drip/Trickle Irrigation Congress, Volume 1, California, USA. pp. 325-338.
- Madramootoo, C.A., K.C. Khatri and M. Rigby. 1988. Hydraulic performances of five different trickle irrigation emitters. Canadian Agricultural Engineering, 30: 1-4.
- Mizyed, N and E.G. Kruse. 1989. Emitter discharge evaluation of subsurface trickle irrigation systems. Transactions of the ASAE, 32: 1223-1228.
- Özekici, B and R.E. Sneed. 1995. Manufacturing variation for various |if trickle irrigation on-line emitters. App. Eng. in Agric, 11: 235-240.
- Özekici, B and S. Bozkurt. 1999. Determination of hydraulic performances of in-line emitters. Tr. J. of Agriculture and Forestry, 23: 19-24.
- Pitchford, J. 1980. Drip system emission uniformity evaluation by mathematical model. ASAE and CSAE national meeting on trickle (drip) irrigation, paper no. 79-2098, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Solomon, K and J.C. Bezdek. 1980. Simulated flow rate requirements for some flushing emitters. ASAE and CSAE national meeting on trickle (drip) irrigation, paper no. 79-2571, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Wei, Z., Y. Tang, W. Zhao and B. Lu. 2003. Rapid development technique for drip irrigation emitters. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 9:104-110.
- Wu, I-P. 1987. An assessment of hydraulic design of micro-irrigation systems. Agricultural Water Management, 32: 275-284.
- Youngs, E.G., P.B. Leeds-Harrison and A. Alghusni. 1999. Surface pounding of coarse-textured soils under irrigation with a line of surface emitters. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 73: 95-100.
| APA | KIRNAK H, DOĞAN E, DEMİR S, YALÇIN S (2004). Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain. , 223 - 230. |
| Chicago | KIRNAK Halil,DOĞAN Ergün,DEMİR Sıddık,YALÇIN Sabri Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain. (2004): 223 - 230. |
| MLA | KIRNAK Halil,DOĞAN Ergün,DEMİR Sıddık,YALÇIN Sabri Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain. , 2004, ss.223 - 230. |
| AMA | KIRNAK H,DOĞAN E,DEMİR S,YALÇIN S Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain. . 2004; 223 - 230. |
| Vancouver | KIRNAK H,DOĞAN E,DEMİR S,YALÇIN S Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain. . 2004; 223 - 230. |
| IEEE | KIRNAK H,DOĞAN E,DEMİR S,YALÇIN S "Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain." , ss.223 - 230, 2004. |
| ISNAD | KIRNAK, Halil vd. "Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain". (2004), 223-230. |
| APA | KIRNAK H, DOĞAN E, DEMİR S, YALÇIN S (2004). Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 28(4), 223 - 230. |
| Chicago | KIRNAK Halil,DOĞAN Ergün,DEMİR Sıddık,YALÇIN Sabri Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 28, no.4 (2004): 223 - 230. |
| MLA | KIRNAK Halil,DOĞAN Ergün,DEMİR Sıddık,YALÇIN Sabri Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, vol.28, no.4, 2004, ss.223 - 230. |
| AMA | KIRNAK H,DOĞAN E,DEMİR S,YALÇIN S Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2004; 28(4): 223 - 230. |
| Vancouver | KIRNAK H,DOĞAN E,DEMİR S,YALÇIN S Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2004; 28(4): 223 - 230. |
| IEEE | KIRNAK H,DOĞAN E,DEMİR S,YALÇIN S "Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain." Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 28, ss.223 - 230, 2004. |
| ISNAD | KIRNAK, Halil vd. "Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in ırrigation systems in the Harran Plain". Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 28/4 (2004), 223-230. |
