Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri

ERİŞİR, Mine; SEYRAN, Ayşe

Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri

Ayşe SEYRAN, (Fırat Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, Elazığ, Türkiye)

Mine ERİŞİR (Fırat Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, Elazığ, Türkiye)

Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi

35 0

Yıl: 2008 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 33 - 40 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri

Öz:

Poli klorlu bifeniller (PCB) endüstriyel amaçla üretilmiş ve doğada kalıcı oldukları belirlendikten sonra dünyanın birçok ülkesinde üretimleri yasaklanmıştır. Ancak, PCB içeren birçok ürün (kapasitatör, trafo, hidrolik pompa, matbaa mürekkebi, boya, pestisit, yanmayı ve enerji kaybını önlemek için elektrik izolasyon sıvılarının yapımı) bugün hala kullanımda olduğu için çevre ve insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Kimyasal kararlılıkları ve lipofilik özellikleri nedeniyle doğada ve canlı organizmada birikme eğilimi gösterirler. Bugüne kadar PCBlerin toksik, kanserojenik, immun baskılayıcı, teratojenik ve endokrin bozucu olmak üzere birçok olumsuz etkilerinin olduğu bilinmektedir.

Anahtar Kelime: organoklorlu zararlı öldürücüler gıda bulaşıklılığı sağlığa zararlılar insan hastalıkları poliklorobifenil

Konular: Veterinerlik

Polychlorinated biphenyls and effects of PCB on health

Öz:

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were produced for industrial purposes and banned in several countries in the world when they were determined to be persistent pollutants in the environment. Many PCB-containing industrial products and equipments (industrial fluids, flame-retardants, diluents and fluids for capacitors, transformers, hydraulic pump, pesticide, dielectric fluids..) are still in use and thus pose a threat to the environment and human health. They tend to bio-accumulate both in the environment and living organisms due to their lipophilic features and chemical stability. It is known that PCBs have various negative effects such as toxic, carcinogenic, immunosuppression, teratogenic and endocrine disruption.

Anahtar Kelime: human diseases polychlorinated biphenyls organochlorine pesticides food contamination health hazards

Konular: Veterinerlik

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

1) Anon. "1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) ". http://www.probes.com/servlets /05.12.2004.
2) Lilienthal H, Fastabend A, Hany J, et al. Reduced levels of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rat dams and offspring after exposure to a reconstituted PCB mixture. Toxicological sciences 2000; 57: 292 – 301.
3) Carpenter DO. Polychlorinated biphenyls and human health. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 1998; 11: 291-303.
4) Anon. "Lymphatic System" http://www.manavata.org/30.12.2004.
5) Anon. "Mouse dissection for Principles of Biology" http://www.ksu.edu/biology/pob/mouse_dissection.pdf /28.12.2004.
6) Anon. "Penn State Hershey Medical Center FRED-Faculty Research Expertise Database" http://fred.hmc.psu.edu / 05.12.2004.
7) Anon. "Propidiun iodide nucleic acid stain" http://www.probes.com/servlets /04.12.2004.
8) Anon. "Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi-Dermatoloji Anabilim Dalı" http://lokman.cu.edu.tr/dermatology/egitim/age20021007.htm /20.12.2004.
9) Anon. "Fluo calcium indicators" http://www.probes.com/servlets /04.12.2004.
10) Smithwick LA, Smith A, John F. Quensen III. et al. Inhibition of LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation by orthosubstituted polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. Toxicology 2003; 188 : 319-333.
11) Shiu WY, Mackay D. A Critical review of agueous solubilities, vapor pressures, Henry's Law constants, and octanol water partition coefficients of polychlorinated biphenyls. J Phys Chem Ref Data 1986; 15 : 91-929
12) Smith AG, Gangolli SD. Organochlorine chemicals in seafood: occurrence and health concerns. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40 : 767-779.
13) Abramowicz DA. Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of PCBs: A review. Crit Rev Biotechnology 1990; 10: 241-251.
14) Abraham WR, Nogales B, Golyshin PN, Pieper DH, Timmis KN. Polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading microbial communities in soils and sediments. Curr Opin Microbiol 2002; 5: 246-253.
15) Tiedje JM, Quensen JF, Chee-Sanford J, Schimel JP, Boyd SA. Microbial reductive dechlorination of PCBs. Biodegradation 1993; 4: 23 l-240.
16) Fish KM, Principe JM. Biotransformations of Aroclor 1242 in Hudson River test tube microcosms. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60 : 4289-4296.
17) Kim JS, Sokol RC, Liu X, Bethoney CM, Rhee GY. Population dynamics of dechlorinators and factors affecting the level and products of PCB dechlorination in sediments. Proc Pasific Basin Conference on Hazardous Waste. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1996; 196-210.
18) Rhee GY, Bush B, Bethoney CM, et al. Reductive dechlorination of Arocolor 1242 in anaerobic sediments: pattern, rate and concentration dependence. Environ Toxicol Chem 1993; 12: 1025-1032.
19) Rhee GY, Sokol RC, Bethoney CM, Bush B. A long-term study of anaerobic dechlorination of PCB congeners by sediment microorganisms: Pathway and mass balance. Environ Toxicol Chem 1993; 12: 1829-1834.
20) Brown JF. Determination of PCB metabolic, excretion and accumulation rates for use as indicators of biological response and relative risk. Environ Sci Technol 1994; 28 : 2294-2305.
21) Guengerich FP. Characterization of human microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1989; 29: 241-264.
22) Safe S. Polychlorinated bipheyls (PCBs): Environmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses and implications for risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 1994; 24: 87– 149.
23) Sinkkonen S, Paasivirta J. Degradation half-life times of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs for environmental fate modeling. Cemosphere 2000; 40: 943-949.
24) Shain W, Overmann SR, Wilson LR, Kostos J, Bush B. A congener analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls accumulating in rat pups after perinatal prenatal exposure. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1986; 15: 678 – 707.
25) Theelen RMC, Liem AKD, Slob W, van Wijnen JH. Intake of 2,3,7,8, chlorine substituted dioxins, furans and planar PCBs from food in The Netherlands: median and distribution. Chemosphere 1993; 27: 1625-35.
26) ATSDR. Draft toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls. Research Triangle Institute 1995; 363.
27) Gladen BC, Rogan WJ, Harday P, Thullen J, Tully M. Development after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorobiphenyl dichlorethene transplacentally and through human milk. J Pediat 1988; 113: 991 – 995.
28) Lonky E. Reihman J, Darvill T. Mather J. Daly H. Neonatal behavirol assessment scale performance in humans influenced by maternal consumption of environmental contaminated Lake Ontario fish. J Great Lakes Res 1996; 22: 198 – 212.
29) Chiaranzelli JR, Scrudato RJ, Wunderlich ML, Oenga GN, Lashko OP. PCB volatile loss and the moisture content of sediment during drying. Chemosphere 1997b; 34: 2429 – 2436.
30) Chiarenzelli J, Scrudato R, Arnold G, Wunderlich M, Rafferty D. Volatilization of polychlorinated biphenyls from sediment during drying at ambient conditions. Chemosphere 1996; 33: 899 – 911.
31) Chiarenzelli J, Scrudato R, Wunderlich M. Volatile loss of PCB Aroclors from subaqueous sand. Environ Sci Technol 1997a; 31: 597 – 602.
32) Bushart SP, Bush B, Barnard EL, Bott A. Volatilization of extensively dechlorinated PCBs from historically-contaminated sediments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1998; 17: 1927-1933.
33) Carpenter DO, Arcaro KF, Bush B, et al. Human health and chemical mixtures: an overview. Environ Health Perspect 1998; vol. 106, pp. 1263-1270.
34) Apostoli P, Mangili A, Carasi S, Manno M. Relationship between PCBs in blood and D-glucaric acid in urine. Toxicol Lett 2003; 144: 17-26.
35) Rogan WJ, Gladen BC. Neurotoxicology of PCBs and related compounds. Neurol Toxicol 1992; 13 : 27-36.
36) Oakley GG, Devanaboyina U, Robertson LW, Gupta RC. Oxidative DNA damage induced by activation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): implications for PCB-induced oxidative stress in breast cancer. Chem Res Toxicol. 1996; 9 : 1285-1292.
37) Ahlborg UG, Becking GC, Birnbaum LS, et al. Toxic equivalency factors for dioxin-like PCBs. Chemosphere 1994; 28 : 1049-1067.
38) EPA. PCBs: Cancer dose-response assessment and application to environmental mixtures. EPA/600/P-96/001F 1996; Washington DC, USA.
39) Brunner MJ, Sullivan TM, Singer AW. An assessment of the chronic toxicity and oncogenicity of Arocolor 1016, Arocolor 1242, Arocolor 1254 and Arocolor 1260 administered in diet to rats. Battelle Study No: SC92192 Colombus, OH, USA 1996.
40) Mayes BA, McConnell EE, Neal BH, et al. Comparative carcinogenicity in Sprague-Dawley rats of the polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures Aroclors 1016, 1242, 1254, and 1260. Toxicol Sci 1998; 41: 62-76.
41) Brown JF, Bedard DL, Brennan MJ, Carnahan JC, Feng H, Wanger RE. Polychlorinated biphenyl declorination in aquatic sediment. Science. 1987; 236 : 709-711.
42) Cogliano VJ. Assessing the cancer risk from environmental PCBs. Environ Health Perspect. 1998; 106 : 317-323.
43) Stewart PW, Reihman J, Lonky EI, Darvill TJ, Pagano J. Cognitive development in preschool children prenatally exposed to PCBs and MeHg. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2003; 25: 11-22.
44) Guo YL, Chen YC, Yu ML, Hsu CC. Early development of Yu-Cheng children born seven to twelve years after the Taiwan PCB outbreak. Chemosphere 1994; 29: 2395-2404.
45) Lai TJ, Guo YL, Yu ML, Ko HC, Hsu CC. Cognitive development in Yucheng children. Chemosphere 1994; 29: 2405-2411.
46) Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, Humphrey HE. Effects of in utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and related contaminants on cognitive functioning in young children. J Pediatr 1990; 116: 38-45.
47) Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW. Intellectual impairment in children exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls in utero. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 783-789.
48) Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW. Evidence for PCBs as neurodevelopmental toxicants in humans. Neurotoxicology 1997; 18 : 415-424.
49) Schantz SL, Seo BW, Wong PW, Pessah IN. Long-term effects of developmental exposure to 2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95) on locomotor activity, spatial learning and memory and brain ryanodine binding. Neurotoxicolog 1997; 18: 457-467.
50) Kodavanti PR, Tilson HA. Structure-activity relationships of potentially neurotoxic PCB congeners in the rat. Neurotoxicology 1997; 18 : 425-441.
51) Tilson HA, Kodavanti PR. Neurochemical effects of polychlorinated biphenyls: an overview and identification of research needs. Neurotoxicology 1997; 18 : 727-743.
52) Seegal RF, Bush B, Shain W. Lightly chlorinated ortho-substituted PCB congeners decrease dopamine in nonhuman primate brain and in tissue culture. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1990; 106 : 136-144.
53) Gilbert ME, Liang D. Alterations in synaptic transmission and plasticity in hippocampus by a complex PCB mixture, Aroclor 1254. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1998; 20 : 383-389.
54) Niemi WD, Audi J, Bush B, Carpenter DO. PCBs reduce long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus. Exp Neurol 1998; 151: 26-34.
55) Carpenter DO, Stoner CT, Lawrence DA, et al. Multiple mechanisms of PCB neurotoxicity. Proc Pacific Basin Conference on Hazardous Waste. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1996; Sayfa: 404-418.
56) Bushnell PJ, Rice DC. Behavioral assessments of learning and attention in rats exposed perinatally to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) Neurotoxicol Teratol 1999; 21: 381-392.
57) Eriksson P, Fredriksson A. Neurotoxic effects in adult mice neonatally exposed to 3,3'4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl or 2,3,3'4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl. Changes in brain nicotinic receptors and behaviour. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 1998; 5 : 17-28.
58) Hany J, Lilienthal H, Sarasin A, et al. Developmental exposure of rats to a reconstituted PCB mixture or aroclor 1254: effects on organ weights, aromatase activity, sex hormone levels, and sweet preference behavior. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1999; 158: 231-243.
59) Porterfield SP. Thyroidal dysfunction and environmental chemicals--potential impact on brain development. Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108 (Suppl 3): 433-438.
60) Zoeller RT, Dowling AL, Vas AA. Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls exerts thyroid hormone-like effects on the expression of RC3/neurogranin and myelin basic protein messenger ribonucleic acids in the developing rat brain. Endocrinology 2000; 141: 181-189.
61) Gajewski TF, Joyce J, Fitch FW. Anti-proliferative effect of IFN-gamma in immune regulation. III. Differential selection of Th1 and Th2 murine helper lymphocyte clones using recombinant IFN-gamma. J Immunol 1989; 143: 15-22.
62) Smialowicz RJ, Andrews JA, Riddle MM, et al. Evaluation of the immunotoxicity of low level PCB exposure in the rat. Toxicology 1989; 56 : 197-211.
63) Chang KJ, Hsieh KH, Lee TP, Tang SY, Tung TC. Immunologic evaluation of patients with polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning: determination of lymphocyte subpopulations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1981; 61: 58-63.
64) Vos JG, Bolksma N, Osterhaus AD, van Loveren H, Wester PW. Comparative sensitivity of different species to environmental chemical-induced immunotoxicity. In: Modulators of Immune Responses: The Evolutionary Trail. SOS Publications. Fair Haven, NJ. USA 1996; Sayfa: 341-347, 351-364.
65) Kerkvliet NI, Steppan LB, Smith BB. Et al. Role of the Ah locus in suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PCBs and TCDD): structure-activity relationships and effects in C57B1/6 mice congenic at the Ah locus. Fundam. Appl Toxicol 1990; 14 : 532-541.
66) Silkworth JB, Antrim L, Kaminsky LS. Correlations between polychlorinated biphenyl immunotoxicity, the aromatic hydrocarbon locus, and liver microsomal enzyme induction in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. Toxicol Appl Pharm 1984; 75 : 156-165.
67) Frazier DE, Silverstone AE, Gasiewicz TA. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced thymic atrophy and lymphocyte stem cell alterations by mechanisms independent of the estrogen receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 47: 2039-2048.
68) McConkey DJ, Hartzell P, Duddy SK, Hakansson H, Orrenius S. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin kills immature thymocytes by Ca2+-mediated endonuclease activation. Science 1988; 242 : 256-259.
69) Tryphonas H, Luster MI, Schiffman G, et al. Effect of chronic exposure of PCB (Aroclor 1254) on specific and nonspecific immune parameters in the rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkey. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1991; 16 : 773-786.
70) Zhao F, Mayura K, Harper N, Safe SH, Phillips TD. Inhibition of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl-induced fetal cleft palate and immunotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice by 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl. Chemosphere 1997; 34 : 1605-1613.
71) Yoo BS, Jung KH, Hana SB, Kim HM. Apoptosis-mediated immunotoxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in murine splenocytes. Toxicol Lett 1997; 91: 83-89.
72) Davis D, Safe S. Immunosuppressive activities of polychlorinated biphenyls in C57BL/6N mice: structure-activity relationships as Ah receptor agonists and partial antagonists. Toxicology 1990; 63: 97-111.
73) Sandal S. Poli klorlu bifenillerin fare timus hücre kültüründe immünobiyolojik etkileri. Doktora tezi. Elazığ. Fırat Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2004.
74) Silkworth JB, Grabstein EM. Polychlorinated biphenyl immunotoxicity: Depedence on isomer planarity and the Ah gene complex. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1982; 65: 109 – 115.
75) Holene E, Nafstad I, Skaare JU, et al. Behavioral effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to individual polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in rats. Environ Toxicol Chem 1995; 14: 967 – 976.
76) Connor K, Ramamoorthy K, Moore M, et al. Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as estrogens and antiestrogens: structure-activity relationships. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997; vol. 145, pp. 111-123.
77) Massaad C, Entezami F, Massade L, et al. How can chemical compounds alter human fertility? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2002; vol. 100, pp. 127-137.
78) Crisp TM, Clegg ED, Cooper RL, et al. Environmental endocrine disruption: an effects assessment and analysis. Environ Health Perspect 1998; 106(Suppl 1): 11-56.
79) McKinney JD, Waller CL. Polychlorinated biphenyls as hormonally active structural analogues. Environ Health Perspect 1994; 102 : 290-297.
80) Yılmaz B. Endokrin bozucu kimyasal kirleticiler. Türk Fizyolojik Bilimler Derneği 29. Ulusal Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı. GATA. Ankara, Türkiye: 2003: 28.
81) Fischer LJ, Zhou HR, Wagner MA. Polychlorinated biphenyls release insulin from RINm5F cells. Life Sci 1996; 59: 2041-2049.
82) Fischer LJ, Wagner MA, Madhukar BV. Potential involvement of calcium, CaM kinase II, and MAP kinases in PCB-stimulated insulin release from RINm5F cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1999; 159 : 194-203.
83) Collins WT, Capen CC. Fine structural lesions and hormonal alterations in thyroid glands of perinatal rats exposed in utero and by the milk to polychlorinated biphenyls. Am J Pathol 1980; 99 : 125-142.
84) Gray LE, Ostby J, Marshall R, Andrews J. Reproductive and thyroid effects of low-level polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) exposure. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1993; 20: 288-294.
85) Porterfield SP. Vulnerability of the developing brain to thyroid abnormalities: environmental insults to the thyroid system. Environ Health Perspect 1994; 102 (Suppl 2) : 125-130.
86) Hansen LG. Stepping backward to improve assessment of PCB congener toxicities. Environ Health Perspect 1998; 106(Suppl 1): 171-189.
87) Pluim HJ, de Vijlder JJ, Olie K, et al. Effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to chlorinated dioxins and furans on human neonatal thyroid hormone concentrations. Environ Health Perspect 1993; 101: 504-508.
88) Schuur AG, Brouwer A, Bergman A, Coughtrie MW, Visser TJ. Inhibition of thyroid hormone sulfation by hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls. Chem Biol Interact 1998; 109 : 293-297.
89) Hood A, Allen ML, Liu Y, Liu J, Klaassen CD. Induction of T(4) UDP-GT activity, serum thyroid stimulating hormone, and thyroid follicular cell proliferation in mice treated with microsomal enzyme inducers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003; 188(1): 6-13.
90) Visser TJ, Kaptein E, van Toor H, et al. Glucuronidation of thyroid hormone in rat liver in effect of in vivo treatment with microsomal enzyme inducers and in vitro assay conditions. Endocrinology 1993; 133(5): 2177-2186.
91) Gozgit JM, Nestor KM, Fasco MJ, Pentecost BT and Arcaro KF. Differential action of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on endogenous estrogen-responsive genes and on a transfected estrogen-responsive reporter in MCF-7 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004; vol. 196, pp. 58-67.
92) Fischer LJ, Seegal RF, Ganey PE, Pessah IN and Kodavanti PR. Symposium overview: toxicity of non-coplanar PCBs. Toxicol Sci 1998; vol. 41, pp. 49-61.
93) Arcaro KF and Gierthy JF. Assessing modulation of estrogenic activity of environmental and pharmaceutical compounds using MCF-7 focus assay. Methods Mol Biol 2001; 176 : 341-51.
94) Safe S. Environmental estrogens: roles in male reproductive tract problems and in breast cancer. Rev Environ Health 2002; vol. 17, pp. 253-262.
95) Birnbaum LS., Fenton SE. Cancer and developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors. Environ Health Perspect 2003; vol. 111, pp. 389-94.
96) Safe S., Wormke M. Inhibitory aryl hydrocarbon receptor-estrogen receptor alpha cross-talk and mechanisms of action. Chem Res Toxicol 2003; vol. 16, pp. 807-816.
97) Machala M, Blaha L, Lehmler HJ, et al. Toxicity of hydroxylated and quinoid PCB metabolites: inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication and activation of aryl hydrocarbon and estrogen receptors in hepatic and mammary cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2004; vol. 17, pp. 340-347.
98) Pollenz RS, Sattler CA., Poland A. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein show distinct subcellular localizations in Hepa 1c1c7 cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. Mol Pharmacol 1994; vol. 45, pp. 428-438.
99) Spink DC, Lincoln DW, Dickerman HW., Gierthy JF. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin causes an extensive alteration of 17β-estradiol metabolism in human breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. 1990; vol. 87, pp. 6917-6921.
100) Ueng TH, Wang HW, Huang YP., Hung CC. Antiestrogenic effects of motorcycle exhaust particulate in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and immature female rats. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2004; vol. 46, pp. 454-462.
101) Buchanan DL, Sato T, Peterson RE and Cooke PS. Antiestrogenic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in mouse uterus: critical role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in stromal tissue. Toxicol Sci 2000; vol. 57, pp. 302-311.
102) Schrader JT, Cooke MG. Effects of Aroclors and indivudual PCB congeners on activation of the human androgen receptor in vitro. Reproductive Toxicology 2003; 17: 15-23.
103) Shimizu K, Ogawa F, Watanabe M, Kondo T, Katayama I. Serum antioxidant levels in Yusho victims over 30 years after the accidental poisoning of polychlorinated biphenyls in Nagasaki, Japan. Toxicol Ind Health 2003; 19(2-6): 37-9.

APA	SEYRAN A, ERİŞİR M (2008). Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. , 33 - 40.
Chicago	SEYRAN Ayşe,ERİŞİR Mine Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. (2008): 33 - 40.
MLA	SEYRAN Ayşe,ERİŞİR Mine Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. , 2008, ss.33 - 40.
AMA	SEYRAN A,ERİŞİR M Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. . 2008; 33 - 40.
Vancouver	SEYRAN A,ERİŞİR M Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. . 2008; 33 - 40.
IEEE	SEYRAN A,ERİŞİR M "Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri." , ss.33 - 40, 2008.
ISNAD	SEYRAN, Ayşe - ERİŞİR, Mine. "Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri". (2008), 33-40.

APA	SEYRAN A, ERİŞİR M (2008). Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 33 - 40.
Chicago	SEYRAN Ayşe,ERİŞİR Mine Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 22, no.1 (2008): 33 - 40.
MLA	SEYRAN Ayşe,ERİŞİR Mine Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol.22, no.1, 2008, ss.33 - 40.
AMA	SEYRAN A,ERİŞİR M Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2008; 22(1): 33 - 40.
Vancouver	SEYRAN A,ERİŞİR M Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2008; 22(1): 33 - 40.
IEEE	SEYRAN A,ERİŞİR M "Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri." Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 22, ss.33 - 40, 2008.
ISNAD	SEYRAN, Ayşe - ERİŞİR, Mine. "Poli klorlu bifeniller ve sağlık üzerine etkileri". Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 22/1 (2008), 33-40.