Today, the cultivable areas being at a marginal limit and the productivity increase obtained from classic improvement studies are not enough to meet the basic nutrient needs of the increasing population of the world. For these reasons the uses of new technologies in plant improvement studies have come into question. The concept “Transgenic Organisms” (GMO) has appeared in order to meet the for ever increasing nutrient needs of the world and to find a solution for the matter of starvation. Gene modification is used in many areas such as agriculture, health and the food industry. As of 1996, increasing arguments regarding GMO’s are continuing, along with the agricultural products with GMO’s entering the world market. Plants, animal or micro organisms, whose specific characteristics have been changed by transferring a gene outside of their own type are called GMO (transgenic). Thus, the natural structure of nutrients is changed. In this study, the effects of GMO’s on agriculture and human health and studies carried out in the world and our country will be examined. It will be taken into hand on a versatile basis and those that need to be done will be exhibited, intending to get the attention of sectors concerned.