Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi

DOLU, Osman

Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi

Osman DOLU (Polis Akademisi Önleyici Hizmetler ve Çocuk Suçluluğu Araşt. Merkezi, Ankara, Türkiye)

Polis Bilimleri Dergisi

311 29

Yıl: 2009 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 1 - 30 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi

Öz:

Suçluya yogunlasan geleneksel kriminolojik yaklasımların aksine, Rutin Aktiviteler Teorisi (RAT) “suç olayı” üzerine yogunlasarak, suçun olusum mekanizmasını çözerek suçun önlenebilecegini savunmustur. RAT teorisyenleri suçun temel olarak su 3 faktörün bir arada bulunması durumunda meydana gelecegini öne sürmüslerdir: (1) motive olmus suçlu, (2) uygun hedef ve (3) hedefi suçludan koruyabilecek koruyucuların yoklugu. Bir sacayagına benzetebilecegimiz bu üç faktörden herhangi birisinin yoklugu durumunda suçun olusmayacagı savunulmustur. Ayrıca RAT, “her ne kadar suç islemek ya da islememek bireyin tercih edebilecegi seyler gibi görünse de, bireyin önüne çıkacak suç seçeneklerin neler olacagını seçme imkânının olmadıgını” ifade ederek, Klasik Okul’un ortaya koydugu, “suç rasyonel bir tercihtir” mantıgını bir adım daha öteye götürmüstür. Zira ortaya koyulan suç mekanizması ile suç fırsatlarının aslında insanların günlük rutin faaliyetlerine baglı olarak ortaya çıktıgı öne sürülerek suçun insanların günlük yasantılarının bir fonksiyonu oldugu tezi ortaya atılmıstır. Dolayısıyla, RAT ve Fırsat Teorisi gibi RAT varyantı teorilere göre suçun azaltılması, önlenmesi ve kontrol altına alınabilmesi için en temel strateji, hayatın günlük akısı içinde suç fırsatlarını azaltıcı tedbirlerin alınması olarak karsımıza çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelime: suç önleme kentsel tasarım suç fırsatı savunulabilir mekan motive olmuş suçlu rutin aktiviteler teorisi durumsal suç önleme çevresel tasarım suç-yer ilişkisi engelleyiciler kriminoloji muhtemel suçlu suç teorileri

Konular: Tarih

Crime as a Function of Opportunity: Situational Determinants of Crime, Crime Opportunities and Routine Activities Theory

Öz:

Contrary to traditional criminological theories that focus on the criminal, Routine Activities Theory (RAT) focuses on criminal events and maintains that crime can be effectively prevented through understanding the dynamics of crime. RAT scholars argue that crime will take place in the presence of these three factors: (1) motivated offender, (2) suitable target, and (3) absence of capable guardians. In this context, it is argued that criminal event will not take place if any one of these core elements is removed from the model. Further, RAT framework took a step beyond the Classical School’s basic view of crime as a rational choice by suggesting that even though to commit or not to commit a crime might be a rational choice, individuals do not have the opportunity to choose which crime opportunities will be available to them. By presenting a structural mechanism of crime, RAT scholars proposed that crime opportunities emerge as a result of people’s daily routines. Thus, according to RAT and other RAT-style theories like Opportunity Theory, the basic strategy for preventing, reducing, and controlling crime is to take routine precautions and measures that reduce crime opportunities in people’s daily activities.

Anahtar Kelime: crime-place relationship handlers criminology likely offender crime theories crime prevention urban design criminal opportunity defensible space motivated offender routine activities theory situational crime prevention environmental design

Konular: Tarih

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	DOLU O (2009). Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi. , 1 - 30.
Chicago	DOLU Osman Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi. (2009): 1 - 30.
MLA	DOLU Osman Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi. , 2009, ss.1 - 30.
AMA	DOLU O Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi. . 2009; 1 - 30.
Vancouver	DOLU O Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi. . 2009; 1 - 30.
IEEE	DOLU O "Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi." , ss.1 - 30, 2009.
ISNAD	DOLU, Osman. "Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi". (2009), 1-30.

APA	DOLU O (2009). Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi. Polis Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 1 - 30.
Chicago	DOLU Osman Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi. Polis Bilimleri Dergisi 11, no.2 (2009): 1 - 30.
MLA	DOLU Osman Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi. Polis Bilimleri Dergisi, vol.11, no.2, 2009, ss.1 - 30.
AMA	DOLU O Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi. Polis Bilimleri Dergisi. 2009; 11(2): 1 - 30.
Vancouver	DOLU O Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi. Polis Bilimleri Dergisi. 2009; 11(2): 1 - 30.
IEEE	DOLU O "Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi." Polis Bilimleri Dergisi, 11, ss.1 - 30, 2009.
ISNAD	DOLU, Osman. "Bir fırsat olarak suç: Suçun durumsal belirleyicileri, suç fırsatları ve rutin faaliyetler teorisi". Polis Bilimleri Dergisi 11/2 (2009), 1-30.