Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments
Yıl: 2010 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 173 - 179 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022
Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments
Öz: Yoğun tarla trafiği kaynaklı toprak sıkışması, suyun infiltrasyonunu, kök gelişimini ve ürün verimini azaltırken, toprağın hacim ağırlığı ve toprağa giriş direncini artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mısır yetiştirilen bir tarlada silaj ekipmanlarının kullanılmasından önce ve sonra toprak penetrasyon direncinin yersel değişim paternlerindeki değişimleri belirlemektir. Toprak penetrasyon direnci 100 × 400 m’lik tarlada hasattan hemen önce ve sonra 10 m’lik aralıklarla ölçülmüştür. Ölçümler herbir transect boyunca sıra üzeri ve sıralar arasında üst 20 cm’lik toprak katmanında kaydedilmiştir. Hasattan önce ve sonra 1353 ölçümün ortalama penetrasyon direnci sırasıyla 2097 kPa ve 3116 kPa’dır. Hasat sonrası çalışma alanının ortalama hacim ağırlığı 1.14 g cm-3’den 1.46 g $cm^{-3,}$e yükselirken, ıslak agregat stabilitesi % 33.4’den % 17.9’a düşmüştür. Çalışma alanında 1’er m aralıklarla toprak penetrasyon direnci dağılım haritalarını hazırlamak için nokta kriging analizi uygulanmıştır. Hasat sonrasında toprak penetrasyon direnci değişim paternleri hasat öncesi değişim paternlerinden önemli ölçüde farklılıklar göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Ağır hasat ekipmanlarının kullanıldığı silajlık mısır tarlasında toprak penetrasyon direnci dağılım paternlerindeki değişimler
Öz: Soil compaction caused by heavy wheeling reduces water infiltration, root development, and yield, and increases bulk density and soil strength. The objective of this study was to determine changes in spatial variability patterns of soil penetration resistance before and after using the silage machine in a corn-growing field. Soil penetration resistance was measured in a 100 × 400 m field with 10 m intervals just before and after harvesting. Measurements were taken from the 20 cm top layer on rows and inter-rows throughout each transect. The mean penetration resistance of 1353 measurements before and after harvesting was 2097 and 3116 kPa, respectively. Average bulk density within the field increased from 1.14 g $cm^{-3},$ to 1.46 g cm-3, but wet aggregate stability decreased from 33.4% to 17.9% following harvesting. Punctual kriging analysis was performed to prepare distribution maps of soil penetration resistance with 1 m intervals within the field. The patterns of variation in soil penetration resistance following harvesting showed remarkable differences compared to preharvesting.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Barfield BJ, Barnhisel RI, Hirschi MC, Moore ID (1988) Compaction effects on erosion of mine spoil and reconstructed topsoil. Trans of the ASAE 31: 447-452.
- Blake GR, Hartge KH (1986) Bulk density. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1, Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd ed (Ed. A Klute), American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 363-375.
- Brais S (2001) Persistance of soil compaction and effects on seedling growth in Northwestern Quebec. Soil Sci Soc Am J 65: 1263- 1271.
- Busscher WJ, Bauer PJ (2003) Soil strength, cotton root growth and lint yield in a southeastern USA coastal loamy sand. Soil and Tillage Research 74: 51-159.
- Busscher WJ, Sojka RE (1987) Enhancement of subsoiling effect on soil strength by conservational tillage. Transactions of the ASAE 30: 888-892.
- Dexter AR (1997) Physical properties of tilled soils. Soil and Tillage Res 43: 41-63.
- Gamma Design Software (2005) GS+ Geostatistics for the Environmental Sciences. GS+ User’s Guide, Ver 7, Plainwell, MI, USA.
- Gee GW, Bauder JW (1986) Particle-size analysis. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1, Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd ed (Ed. A Klute), American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 383-411.
- Gomez A, Powers RF, Singer MJ, Horwath WR (2002) Soil compaction effects on growth of young ponderosa pine following litter removal in California’s Sierra Nevada. Soil Sci Soc Am J 66: 1334-1343.
- Gupta SC, Hadas A, Voorhees WB, Wolf D, Larson WE, Sharma PP (1990) Development of guides on the susceptibility of soils to excessive compaction. University of Minnesota, BARD Report, St Paul.
- Hakansson I, Medvedev VW (1995) Protection of soils from mechanical overloading by establishing limits for stresses caused by heavy vehicles. Soil and Tillage Res 35: 85-97.
- Hakansson I, Voorhees WB, Elonen P, Raghavan GNS, Lowery B, van Wijk ALM, Rasmussen K, Riley H (1987) Effect of high axleload traffic on subsoil compaction and crop yield in humid regions with annual freezing. Soil and Tillage Res 10: 259-268.
- Herrick JE, Jones TL (2002) A dynamic cone penetrometer for measuring soil penetration resistance. Soil Sci Soc Am J 66: 1320-1324.
- Horn R, Domzal H, Jurkiewicz AS, Ouwerkerk CV (1995) Soil compaction processes and their effects on the structure of arable soils and the environment. Soil and Tillage Res 35: 23-36.
- Isaaks EH, Srivastava RM (1989) An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics. Oxford University Press, New York.
- Kemper WD, Rosenau RC (1986) Aggregate stability and size distribution. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1, Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd ed (Ed. A Klute), American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 425-442.
- Kirby JM, Blunden BG, Trein CR (1997) Simulating soil deformation using a critical-state model:II. Soil compaction beneath tyres and tracks. European J Soil Sci 48: 59-70.
- Li CH, Ma BL, Zhang TQ (2002) Soil bulk density effects on soil microbial populations and enzyme activities during the growth of corn (Zea mays L.) planted in large pots under field exposure. Canadian J Plant Sci 82: 147-154.
- McLean EO (1982) Soil pH and lime requirement. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed (Ed. AL Page), American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 199-224.
- Nelson DW, Sommers LE (1982) Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed (Ed. AL Page), American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 539-579.
- Nelson RE (1982) Carbonate and gypsum. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed (Ed. AL Page), American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 181-197.
- Raghavan GSV, McKyes E, Taylor F, Richard P, Watson A (1979) The relationship between machinery traffic and corn yield reduction in successive years. Trans ASAE 22: 1256-1259.
- Rhoades JD (1982) Cation exchange capacity. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed (Ed. AL Page), American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 149-157.
- Rosolem CA, Foloni JSS, Tiritan CS (2002) Root growth and nutrition accumulation in cover crops as affected by soil compaction. Soil Tillage Res 65: 109-115.
- Sutherland RA, Bussen JO, Plondke DL, Evans BM, Ziegler AD (2001) Hydrophysical degradation associated with hiking-trail use: a case study of Hawai’Iloa ridge trail, O’Ahu, Hawai’i. Land Degradation and Development 12: 71-86.
- Swinford JM, Boevey TMC (1984) The effects of soil compaction due to infield transport on ratoon cane yields and soil physical characteristics. In: Proceedings South African Sugar Technologists, Association No: 58, pp. 198-203.
- Unger PW, Kaspar TC (1994) Soil compaction and root growth: a review. Agron J 86: 759-766.
- Van Dijck SJE, Van Asch TWJ (2002) Compaction of loamy soils due to tractor traffic in vineyards and orchards and its effect on infiltration in southern France. Soil and Tillage Research 63: 141-153.
- Voorhees WB, Nelson WW (1987) Compaction and soil structure modification by wheel traffic in the Northern Corn Belt. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42: 344-347.
- Whalley WR, Dumitru E, Dexter AR (1995) Biological effects of soil compaction. Soil and Tillage Res 35: 53-68.
| APA | AKSAKAL E, OZTAS T (2010). Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments. , 173 - 179. |
| Chicago | AKSAKAL Ekrem Lutfi,OZTAS TASKIN Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments. (2010): 173 - 179. |
| MLA | AKSAKAL Ekrem Lutfi,OZTAS TASKIN Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments. , 2010, ss.173 - 179. |
| AMA | AKSAKAL E,OZTAS T Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments. . 2010; 173 - 179. |
| Vancouver | AKSAKAL E,OZTAS T Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments. . 2010; 173 - 179. |
| IEEE | AKSAKAL E,OZTAS T "Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments." , ss.173 - 179, 2010. |
| ISNAD | AKSAKAL, Ekrem Lutfi - OZTAS, TASKIN. "Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments". (2010), 173-179. |
| APA | AKSAKAL E, OZTAS T (2010). Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 34(2), 173 - 179. |
| Chicago | AKSAKAL Ekrem Lutfi,OZTAS TASKIN Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 34, no.2 (2010): 173 - 179. |
| MLA | AKSAKAL Ekrem Lutfi,OZTAS TASKIN Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, vol.34, no.2, 2010, ss.173 - 179. |
| AMA | AKSAKAL E,OZTAS T Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2010; 34(2): 173 - 179. |
| Vancouver | AKSAKAL E,OZTAS T Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2010; 34(2): 173 - 179. |
| IEEE | AKSAKAL E,OZTAS T "Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments." Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 34, ss.173 - 179, 2010. |
| ISNAD | AKSAKAL, Ekrem Lutfi - OZTAS, TASKIN. "Changes in distribution patterns of soil penetration resistance within a silage-corn field following the use of heavy harvesting equipments". Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 34/2 (2010), 173-179. |
