Maternal and fetal diabetes are directly associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk. Along with this increased risk, the incidence of congenital malformations in newborns also increases depending on the mother’s diabetes. Vitamin K1 is used as a therapeutic and protective agent in diabetes and various clinical conditions. For this reason, it was aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin K1 on chick embryo hearts immunohistochemically and morphologically by creating type 1 diabetes mellitus with streptozotocin in a chick embryo model. In our study, 5 different experimental groups will be created and a total of 50 SPF fertilized eggs, 10 in each group, will be used. The first group will be the control group, the second group will be the diabetes group, and the other three groups will be the treatment groups given different doses of vitamin K1. All solutions will be given on the 12th day of incubation, and the hearts of all embryos will be analyzed immunohistochemically and morphologically on the 18th day of incubation. It was determined that the weight, length and ventricular thickness of the chick embryo hearts were statistically significantly decreased in the streptozotocin group compared to the control group embryo hearts. It was determined that the heart weights, lengths, and ventricular thicknesses increased depending on the dose of vitamin K1 compared to the streptozotocin group in the groups therapeutically administered vitamin K1 (p<0.05). In addition, caspase-3 expression was also evaluated in our study, and a statistically significant increase was found in the streptozotocin group compared to the control group. Again, as a result of vitamin K1 administration, caspase-3 expressions decreased depending on the applied dose (p<0.05). In conclusion, it was concluded that the therapeutically applied vitamin K1 to diabetes mellitus reduces the degenerative and hyperplastic effects of diabetes mellitus.

Within the ASSISTANCE Project (Adapted Situation Awareness Tools and Tailored Training Scenarios for Increasing the Capabilities and Enhancing the Protection of First Responders) the development of a novel and advanced training programme is currently underway to adapt to the needs and characteristics of first responders. Once the methodology was ready, a complete training curriculum was prepared in order to probe the concept of the European training network based on online Virtual Reality platforms. The curriculum is composed of subjects, which have been developed with a stepwise approach, taking into consideration the pre-requisites needed for each subject and a gradual increase in difficulty and complexity. These subjects can be divided into two different types: theoretical subjects, which will be taught through the Moodle server and practical subjects, which will be taught through the performance of different virtual scenarios with the available Virtual Reality platforms. Each subject definition includes a short summary of the subject, their main, general and specific objectives as well as their preferred evaluation method and the pre-requisites needed. This paper presents the ASSISTANCE training methodology and the curriculum developed including the preliminary scheduling needed to complete all the proposed subjects.

For last years, the consequences of the implication of daylight saving time has been discussed frequently, daylight saving time haseffects on many field of the daily routine such as electricity consumption, human health, performance, behavior and well-being ofindividuals. Since the cabinet decision in 2016, Turkey has been implementing the summertime throughout the whole year in order tosave energy. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to analyze the effects of this change on economic growth and labor productivityby employing quarterly data for the time period 2006:Q1 and 2018:Q1 for Turkey and Threshold AR model in order to incorporate thenonlinear behavior in considered time series. The results show significant effect of this policy change on economic growth and laborproductivity as well as nonlinear behavior in the time series due to continuous fluctuations in the data throughout time which can beclassified into at least two regimes as recession and expansion. As a conclusion, the policy makers should evaluate the effects ofdaylight saving time (DST) on different indicators before the changes in the implementation.

Objective: The incidence of prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) is increased with the use of prostate-specificantigen (PSA). In the current study, we aimed to investigate the impact of 5- alpha- reductase inhibitors (5-ARI) on pathological progression in patients followed by active surveillance (AS).Material and methods: Records of 69 patients with localized prostate cancer under AS (PSA ≤15 ng/mL,PSAD ≤0.20, ≤cT2c, Gleason sum ≤3+3, the number of cancer positive cores ≤3) were evaluated retrospectively.Patients were followed-up with quarterly PSA testing and semiannual digital rectal examinationduring the first 2 years, and semiannual PSA testing thereafter. Repeat biopsies were done annually andwhenever indicated by clinical findings. Pathological progression was defined as increasing Gleason grade,number of cancer-positive cores, and/or increasing percentage of cancer in any core.Results: Patients using (29/69: 42%) and not using (40/69: 58%) 5-ARI were followed for a median of 39(IQR: 23-45) and 23.5 (IQR: 17-37.5) months, respectively. Pathological progression was observed in 32%(22/69) of the patients at a median of 25 (IQR: 18-39) months. Pathological progression was observed in34.5% (10/29) and 30% (12/40) of the patients using and not using 5-ARI, respectively (Log-rank p=0.4151).Definitive treatment was done in 31% (9/29) and 47.5% (19/40) of the patients using and not using 5-ARI,respectively. Patients who did not use 5-ARI received definitive treatment earlier (Log-rank p=0.0342). Onmultivariate analysis, more than 2 cancer-positive cores (HR: 11.62) and age (HR=0.94) were independentlyassociated with pathological progression (p<0.05), rather than 5-ARI use (p=0.148).Conclusion: More than 2 cancer- positive cores at the initial biopsy was the strongest covariate associatedwith pathological progression; these patients should not be offered AS. There was no impact of 5-ARI useon pathological progression in AS.

Modernizm ile postmodernizm mukayesesi yapıldığında postmodernizmin, modernizmin duvarları- nı zorlayan hatta ona eleştiri getiren bir yapısının olduğu görülmektedir. Modernizm, bütün bilim ve sanat alanlarında tektipleştirici bir tavır ortaya koymuştur. Pozitif bilimlerin ve beraberinde sekülerizmin temel alındığı modernist yaklaşımda insan aklının, mükemmeliyetçiliğinin ve laboratuvarın dışında kalan her şeye ya şüpheyle bakılmış ya da yok sayılmıştır. Batı modernizminin gelişimi ve dünyaya hâkimiyet biçimi, kendi ekonomik sistemi olan kapitalizmle paralellik de taşımıştır. Modernizmin bu katı tutumu karşısında, yeni arayışlar postmodernizmi doğurmuş ve bu durum bilimsel bilginin de sınırlarını değiştirmeye başlamıştır. Bu süreçte bir yandan disiplinlerarası bir bilim anlayışı sosyal bilimlere uzanan bir boyutta gelişim gösterirken bir yandan da yerelin ön plana çıktığı bir döneme girilmiştir. Bu duruma halk kültürü açısından bakıldığında, bir dönem “öteki”, “taşralı” ya da “geri” olarak nitelenen halk kültürü unsurlarının, kent yaşamının her ala- nında ve resmî kültürde karşılık bulduğu gözlemlenebilir. Halk hekimliği ya da geleneksel tıp uygulamaları da bu süreçte modern tıbbın sınırlarını zorlamaya başlamıştır. Modern tıbbın reddetmesine karşın dünyanın pek çok bölgesinde varlığını koruyan söz konusu bu geleneksel uygulamalar, modern tıbbın yetmediği ya da insanları ikna edemediği durumlarda başvurulan bir yöntem olmuştur. Gelinen noktada halk hekimliği uy- gulamalarının Batı da dâhil olmak üzere resmî kurumlar tarafından tekrar gündeme alındığı görülmektedir. Türkiye’de Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın ve üniversitelerin bu konuda çalışmaları mevcuttur. Postmodern yaklaşım ve söylem, halk hekimliğini bu şekilde öne çıkartırken halk hekimliği uygulamalarını kapitalizmin istediği bi- çimde işlemektedir. Diğer bir deyişle, modernizme bir karşı duruş gibi gözüken postmodernizm, modernizmle kapitalizm arasındaki ilişkiye dokunmamakta ve öne çıkardığı bütün yerellikleri aynı modernizmin yaptığı gibi kapitalizmin hizmetine sunmaktadır.