Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 416 - 422 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 İndeks Tarihi: 28-09-2022
Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye
Öz: Objectives: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a massive impact on human health, causing sudden lifestyle changes. As it affects health, determining the lifestyles of university students related to smoking has gained importance. This study provides evidence of change in smoking behavior among university students in Türkiye during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was conducted via an electronic questionnaire approximately 2020-2021 among university students in Türkiye. The study comprised a structured questionnaire that inquired about demographic information; and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. The questionnaire was distributed randomly to university students; it required 6 min to complete. Results: A total of 749 respondents were included in the study, aged between 19 and 35 years (54.8% females). Of 749 participants, 571 health science students (medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, etc.) completed the survey. The pre-pandemic and COVID-19 pandemic mean nicotine dependence scores were 3.03 and 2.97, respectively. A difference was seen pre-pandemic (p= 0.002) and during pandemic (p= 0.005) for those studying in health and other departments. Students who had middle socio-economical status had significantly higher nicotine dependence scores pre COVID-19, compared to during the pandemic (p= 0.027). Compared to pre and during the pandemic, the mean score of dependence was significantly lower in students, whose parents were non-smokers during the pandemic. Conclusion: In this study, we have provided the first data on the Turkish university student’s nicotine dependence changes during the COVID-19 lockdown. The nicotine dependence level may change based on various factors including behavioral changes. Crucial times such as pandemics can affect individuals, thus, smoking addiction can increase. Behavioral support for quitting smoking such as digital platforms, internet, and television programs should also assist to support smokers quitting successfully during this supreme time.
Anahtar Kelime: A Research on the Determination of the Factors Affecting Memorable Tourism Experience
Öz: The special, extraordinary or unforgettable factors that make up your touristic experience are scape of the memorable tourism experience. These memorable experiences allow tourists to enjoy the same or similar holiday in the future. However, not every tourist experience is memorable. They must therefore create opportunities for businesses to offer memorable tourist experiences and unforgettable experiences. In this context, the factors that affect the experience of remembered tourism have been revealed. In order to achieve this aim, a total of 351 questionnaires were administered to the academic and administrative staff of Adıyaman University. As a result of the research, hedonism was found to be the most effective factor for tourists to remember their holidays. After hedonism, it was seen that other factors, information and meaningfulness that influenced tourists to remember their holidays. However, among the negative experiences recalled by the participants, it was found that the highest price was high, the hotel was far from the city center and the rooms were not spacious.
Anahtar Kelime: Hatırlanır Turizm Deneyimini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Öz: Turistik deneyimleri özel, olağanüstü veya unutulmaz kılan etkenler hatırlanır turizmdeneyiminin kapsamını oluşturmaktadır. Bu hatırlanır deneyimler turistlerin gelecekte deaynı ya da benzer bir tatile çıkmalarına olanak sağlamaktadır. Ancak her turistik deneyimhatırlanır olmamaktadır. Bundan dolayı işletmelerinin hatırlanır turistik deneyim veunutulmaz tecrübeler sunabilmesi için fırsatlar meydana getirmeleri gerekmektedir. Bubağlamda çalışmada, hatırlanır turizm deneyimine etki eden faktörler ortaya konmuştur. Buamacı gerçekleştirmek için Adıyaman Üniversitesi’nde görev yapan daha önce tatildeneyimine sahip olan akademik ve idari personele toplam 351 anket uygulanmıştır.Araştırma sonucunda hedonizmin turistlerin tatillerini hatırlamalarında en etkili faktörolduğu görülmüştür. Hedonizmden sonra turistlerin tatillerini hatırlamalarında etkili olandiğer faktörler, bilgi ve anlamlılık olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla beraber katılımcılarınhatırladıkları olumsuz deneyimler arasında en fazla fiyatın yüksek olması, otelin şehirmerkezine uzak olması ve odaların ferah olmaması olduğu görülmüştür.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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| APA | Çelik F, Karacıl G, Demirel G, OLCAY A, SÜRME M (2022). Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye. , 416 - 422. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
| Chicago | Çelik Fatma Gül Nur,Karacıl Güray,Demirel Goksun,OLCAY Atınç,SÜRME Metin Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye. (2022): 416 - 422. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
| MLA | Çelik Fatma Gül Nur,Karacıl Güray,Demirel Goksun,OLCAY Atınç,SÜRME Metin Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye. , 2022, ss.416 - 422. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
| AMA | Çelik F,Karacıl G,Demirel G,OLCAY A,SÜRME M Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye. . 2022; 416 - 422. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
| Vancouver | Çelik F,Karacıl G,Demirel G,OLCAY A,SÜRME M Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye. . 2022; 416 - 422. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
| IEEE | Çelik F,Karacıl G,Demirel G,OLCAY A,SÜRME M "Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye." , ss.416 - 422, 2022. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
| ISNAD | Çelik, Fatma Gül Nur vd. "Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye". (2022), 416-422. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
| APA | Çelik F, Karacıl G, Demirel G, OLCAY A, SÜRME M (2022). Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(4), 416 - 422. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
| Chicago | Çelik Fatma Gül Nur,Karacıl Güray,Demirel Goksun,OLCAY Atınç,SÜRME Metin Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 7, no.4 (2022): 416 - 422. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
| MLA | Çelik Fatma Gül Nur,Karacıl Güray,Demirel Goksun,OLCAY Atınç,SÜRME Metin Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol.7, no.4, 2022, ss.416 - 422. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
| AMA | Çelik F,Karacıl G,Demirel G,OLCAY A,SÜRME M Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2022; 7(4): 416 - 422. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
| Vancouver | Çelik F,Karacıl G,Demirel G,OLCAY A,SÜRME M Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2022; 7(4): 416 - 422. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
| IEEE | Çelik F,Karacıl G,Demirel G,OLCAY A,SÜRME M "Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye." Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7, ss.416 - 422, 2022. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
| ISNAD | Çelik, Fatma Gül Nur vd. "Impact of a Coronavirus Pandemic on Smoking Behavior in University Students: An Online Survey in Türkiye". Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 7/4 (2022), 416-422. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26985 |
