COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences

Ince, Zeynep; tunçel, duygu; Bilgin, Leyla; ÇOBAN, EMINE ASUMAN

doi:10.24953/turkjped.2021.890

COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences

Duygu TUNÇEL, (İstanbul Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Neonatoloji Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Leyla BİLGİN, (İstanbul Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Neonatoloji Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Zeynep İNCE, (İstanbul Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Neonatoloji Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Asuman ÇOBAN (İstanbul Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Neonatoloji Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Turkish Journal of Pediatrics

2 0

Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 64 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 1 - 9 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.24953/turkjped.2021.890 İndeks Tarihi: 15-12-2022

COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences

Öz:

Background. The effect of COVID-19 infection on newborn babies is not yet clear. Babies born to pregnant women with suspected or proven COVID-19 or babies who had contact with infected people are considered to be at risk. In this review, intrauterine problems that may be caused by COVID-19 infection, delivery room approach, postnatal follow-up, precautions and controversies regarding breastfeeding and vaccination are discussed. Methods. The articles published between March 2020 and June 2021 were searched in Pubmed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases using the keywords COVID-19 and newborn, perinatal period, vertical transmission, pregnancy, breast milk and vaccines. The updated information and recommendations are presented. Conclusions. Our knowledge of the perinatal and neonatal effects of COVID-19 infection changes rapidly. Therefore, close follow-up of the mother-infant dyads is important. Larger epidemiological and clinical cohort studies are needed to better understand the possible implications and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 infection and also maternal vaccination in newborn infants.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

1. Abduljalil JM, Abduljalil BM. Epidemiology, genome, and clinical features of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2: a recent view. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 35: 100672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. nmni.2020.100672
2. Çokuğraş H, Önal P. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Turk Pediatri Ars 2020; 55: 95-102. https:// doi.org/10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2020.20270
3. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report-74. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/ coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200403-sitrep-74- covid-19-mp.pdf
4. Bi Q, Wu Y, Mei S, et al. Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20: 911-919. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473- 3099(20)30287-5
5. Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Coronavirus infections in children including COVID-19: an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention options in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39: 355-368. https://doi.org/10.1097/ INF.0000000000002660
6. Zambrano LD, Ellington S, Strid P, et al. Update: characteristics of symptomatic women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARSCoV- 2 infection by pregnancy status - United States, January 22-October 3, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69: 1641-1647. https://doi. org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6944e3
7. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. COVID-19 FAQs for obstetriciangynecologists, obstetrics. Available at: https:// www.acog.org/clinical-information/physician-faqs/ covid19-faqs-for-ob-gyns-obstetrics (Accessed on January 27, 2021).
8. Komine-Aizawa S, Takada K, Hayakawa S. Placental barrier against COVID-19. Placenta 2020; 99: 45-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2020.07.022
9. Li M, Chen L, Zhang J, Xiong C, Li X. The SARSCoV- 2 receptor ACE2 expression of maternalfetal interface and fetal organs by single-cell transcriptome study. PLoS One 2020; 15: e0230295. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230295
10. Mulvey JJ, Magro CM, Ma LX, Nuovo GJ, Baergen RN. Analysis of complement deposition and viral RNA in placentas of COVID-19 patients. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 46: 151530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. anndiagpath.2020.151530
11. Schwartz DA. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2020; 144: 799-805. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2020-0901-SA
12. Zeng H, Xu C, Fan J, et al. Antibodies in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia. JAMA 2020; 323: 1848-1849. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jama.2020.4861
13. Sheth S, Shah N, Bhandari V. Outcomes in COVID-19 positive neonates and possibility of viral vertical transmission: a narrative review. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37: 1208-1216. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714719
14. Breslin N, Baptiste C, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2020; 2: 100118. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100118
15. Shende P, Gaikwad P, Gandhewar M, et al. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the first trimester placenta leading to transplacental transmission and fetal demise from an asymptomatic mother. Hum Reprod 2021; 36: 899-906. https://doi.org/10.1093/ humrep/deaa367
16. WAPM (World Association of Perinatal Medicine) Working Group on COVID-19. Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARSCoV- 2 infection. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57: 232-241. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.23107
17. Muus C, Luecken MD, Eraslan G, et al. Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells. BioRxiv 049254 [Preprint]. https://doi. org/10.1101/2020.04.19.049254
18. Chandrasekharan P, Vento M, Trevisanuto D, et al. Neonatal resuscitation and postresuscitation care of infants born to mothers with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37: 813- 824. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709688
19. World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected interim guidance. Pediatr Med Rodz 2020; 16: 9-26. https://doi. org/10.15557/PiMR.2020.0003
20. Wang L, Shi Y, Xiao T, et al. Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (First edition). Ann Transl Med 2020; 8: 47. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2020.02.20
21. Walker KF, O’Donoghue K, Grace N, et al. Maternal transmission of SARS-COV-2 to the neonate, and possible routes for such transmission: a systematic review and critical analysis. BJOG 2020; 127: 1324- 1336. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16362
22. Sankaran D, Nakra N, Cheema R, Blumberg D, Lakshminrusimha S. Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and neonatal COVID-19: a 2021 update. Neoreviews 2021; 22: e284-e295. https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.22- 5-e284
23. Vogel JP, Tendal B, Giles M, et al. Clinical care of pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19: living recommendations from the National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 60: 840-851. https://doi. org/10.1111/ajo.13270
24. Puopolo KM, Hudak ML, Kimberlin DW, Cummings J, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn Section of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine and Committee on Infectious Disease. Initial guidance: management of infants born to mothers with COVID-19. Available at: https:// www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/health/documents/ cedep/novel-coronavirus/AAP_COVID-19-Initial- Newborn-Guidance.pdf (Accessed on April 2, 2020).
25. World Health Organization. Clinical management of COVID-19. Available at: https://www.who.int/ publications/i/item/clinicalmanagement-of-covid-19 (Accessed on January 27, 2021).
26. Barrero-Castillero A, Beam KS, Bernardini LB, et al. COVID-19: neonatal-perinatal perspectives. J Perinatol 2021; 41: 940-950. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41372-020-00874-x
27. Amatya S, Corr TE, Gandhi CK, et al. Management of newborns exposed to mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. J Perinatol 2020; 40: 987-996. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-020-0695-0
28. Vardhelli V, Pandita A, Pillai A, Badatya SK. Perinatal COVID-19: review of current evidence and practical approach towards prevention and management. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180: 1009-1031. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03866-3
29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Evaluation and management considerations for neonates at risk for COVID-19. Available at: https:// www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/ caringfor- newborns.html (Accessed on January 27, 2021).
30. World Health Organization. Definition and categorization of the timing of mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2. February, 2021. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/ite m /WHO-2019-nCoV-mother-to-child-transmission-2021.1
31. Kanburoglu MK, Tayman C, Oncel MY, et al. A multicentered study on epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 37 neonates with community-acquired COVID-19. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39: e297-e302. https://doi.org/10.1097/ INF.0000000000002862
32. Trevisanuto D, Cavallin F, Cavicchiolo ME, Borellini M, Calgaro S, Baraldi E. Coronavirus infection in neonates: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2021; 106: 330-335. https://doi. org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-319837
33. Khaund Borkotoky R, Banerjee Barua P, Paul SP, Heaton PA. COVID-19-Related potential multisystem inflammatory syndrome in childhood in a neonate presenting as persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40: e162-e164. https://doi.org/10.1097/ INF.0000000000003054
34. Kappanayil M, Balan S, Alawani S, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a neonate, temporally associated with prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2: a case report. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2021; 5: 304- 308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00055-9
35. Farias ECF, Justino MCA, Mello MLFMF. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a child associated with coronavirus disease 19 in the Brazilian amazon: fatal outcome in an infant. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2020; 38: e2020165. https://doi. org/10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2020165
36. Trieu C, Poole C, Cron RQ, et al. Severe neonatal coronavirus disease 2019 presenting as acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39: e367-e369. https://doi.org/10.1097/ INF.0000000000002864
37. Cook J, Harman K, Zoica B, Verma A, D’Silva P, Gupta A. Horizontal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to a premature infant: multiple organ injury and association with markers of inflammation. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020; 4: 548-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S2352-4642(20)30166-8
38. Saikia B, Tang J, Robinson S, et al. Neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection and pulmonary disease safely treated with remdesivir. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40: e194-e196. https://doi.org/10.1097/ INF.0000000000003081
39. Kovacs G, Sowers N, Campbell S, French J, Atkinson P. Just the facts: airway management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. CJEM 2020; 22: 440-444. https://doi.org/10.1017/ cem.2020.353
40. Lubbe W, Botha E, Niela-Vilen H, Reimers P. Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic - a literature review for clinical practice. Int Breastfeed J 2020; 15: 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-020- 00319-3
41. World Health Organization. Breastfeeding and COVID-19 for health care workers. 2020. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/ maternal-health/faqs-breastfeeding-and-covid- 19_805d4ce8-2329-4227-9261-695afa68b32c.pdf
42. Oncel MY, Akın IM, Kanburoglu MK, et al. A multicenter study on epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 125 newborns born to women infected with COVID-19 by Turkish Neonatal Society. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180: 733-742. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00431-020-03767-5
43. Anderson PO. Antivirals for COVID-19 and breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med 2020; 15: 605-607. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2020.0268
44. Cavalcante MB, Cavalcante CTMB, Braga ACS, et al. COVID-19 treatment: drug safety prior to conception and during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2021; 81: 46-60. https:// doi.org/10.1055/a-1247-5271
45. Naseri A, Seyedi Sahebari S, Hosseini MS. Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19: considerations for pregnancy and breastfeeding. Preprints 2021, 2021050311. https://doi.org/10.20944/ preprints202105.0311.v1
46. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) Solunum Sistemi Hastalıklarının Yaygın Olduğu Dönemde Sağlık Kuruluşlarında Gebe Takibi. Avaliable at: https://covid19.saglik.gov. tr/Eklenti/41676/0/Covid-19solunumsistemihastalikl arininyayginoldugudonemdesaglikkuruluslarindag ebetakibipdf.pdf (Accessed on Oct 11, 2021)
47. Blumberg D, Sridhar A, Lakshminrusimha S, Higgins RD, Saade G. COVID-19 vaccine considerations during pregnancy and lactation. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38: 523-528. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726390
48. Food and Drug Administration. Vaccines and related biological products advisory committee meeting: FDA briefing document Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. Available at: https://www.fda. gov/media/144434/download (Accessed on January 27, 2021).
49. Gray KJ, Bordt EA, Atyeo C, et al. COVID-19 vaccine response in pregnant and lactating women: a cohort study. medRxiv 21253094 [Preprint]. https://doi. org/10.1101/2021.03.07.21253094
50. Shimabukuro TT, Kim SY, Myers TR, et al. Preliminary findings of mRNA Covid-19 vaccine safety in pregnant persons. N Engl J Med 2021; 384: 2273-2282. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2104983

APA	tunçel d, Bilgin L, Ince Z, ÇOBAN E (2022). COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences. , 1 - 9. 10.24953/turkjped.2021.890
Chicago	tunçel duygu,Bilgin Leyla,Ince Zeynep,ÇOBAN EMINE ASUMAN COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences. (2022): 1 - 9. 10.24953/turkjped.2021.890
MLA	tunçel duygu,Bilgin Leyla,Ince Zeynep,ÇOBAN EMINE ASUMAN COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences. , 2022, ss.1 - 9. 10.24953/turkjped.2021.890
AMA	tunçel d,Bilgin L,Ince Z,ÇOBAN E COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences. . 2022; 1 - 9. 10.24953/turkjped.2021.890
Vancouver	tunçel d,Bilgin L,Ince Z,ÇOBAN E COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences. . 2022; 1 - 9. 10.24953/turkjped.2021.890
IEEE	tunçel d,Bilgin L,Ince Z,ÇOBAN E "COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences." , ss.1 - 9, 2022. 10.24953/turkjped.2021.890
ISNAD	tunçel, duygu vd. "COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences". (2022), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.24953/turkjped.2021.890

APA	tunçel d, Bilgin L, Ince Z, ÇOBAN E (2022). COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 64(1), 1 - 9. 10.24953/turkjped.2021.890
Chicago	tunçel duygu,Bilgin Leyla,Ince Zeynep,ÇOBAN EMINE ASUMAN COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 64, no.1 (2022): 1 - 9. 10.24953/turkjped.2021.890
MLA	tunçel duygu,Bilgin Leyla,Ince Zeynep,ÇOBAN EMINE ASUMAN COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, vol.64, no.1, 2022, ss.1 - 9. 10.24953/turkjped.2021.890
AMA	tunçel d,Bilgin L,Ince Z,ÇOBAN E COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. 2022; 64(1): 1 - 9. 10.24953/turkjped.2021.890
Vancouver	tunçel d,Bilgin L,Ince Z,ÇOBAN E COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. 2022; 64(1): 1 - 9. 10.24953/turkjped.2021.890
IEEE	tunçel d,Bilgin L,Ince Z,ÇOBAN E "COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences." Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 64, ss.1 - 9, 2022. 10.24953/turkjped.2021.890
ISNAD	tunçel, duygu vd. "COVID-19 in perinatal period: questions and consequences". Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 64/1 (2022), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.24953/turkjped.2021.890