A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 5 Sayfa Aralığı: 438 - 451 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.55730/1300-0985.1812 İndeks Tarihi: 07-12-2022
A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years
Öz: In this study, we present pollen records together with a multiproxy analysis from a sediment core collected from the Güllük Bay (Bargilya Cove, Muğla, SW Turkey), covering the last 400 years. Pistachio shrubland was occupying around the Güllük Bay between 1613 and 1741 AD. However, after 1741 AD, the vegetation canopy suddenly changed and Turkish pine (Pinus brutia) was established. This supports that the main factor affecting the expansion of Pistacia lentiscus was precipitation rather than temperature after 1741 AD. This change is also indicated by high Sr-Ca values, reflecting arid conditions. Two anthropogenic phases developed in the region. The first phase is marked by Olea europeae between 1613 and 1789 AD. The second is characterized by Plantago, Caryophyllaceae, Cerelia, Rumex, and Sanguisorba minor type suggesting pastoralism and agricultural activities between 1789 and 1964 AD. Macrofaunal communities are also indicative of environmental changes. Abra ovata, Cerastoderma glaucum, Bittium reticulatum, and Skenea catenoides were first settlers between 1572 and 1643 AD. The prominent presence of lagoonal species Abra ovata and Hydrobia ventrosa indicates a lagoonal depositional environment in 1799-1948 AD.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Aitchison J (1990). Relative variation diagrams for describing patterns of compositional variability. Mathematical Geology 22: 487–511. doi: 10.1007/BF00890330
- Akyol, Y (2009). Kıyı Ege’nin (Edremit Körfezi-Gökova Körfezi arası) vejetasyon ekolojisi ve biyolojik çeşitliliğinin ekolojik yönetimi. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Doktora Tezi. 268 pages (in Turkish).
- Alexopoulos AA (2013). The Gastropods (Clams) of the Greek Seas. University of Thessaly. Diploma/Degree Thesis, 176 pages (in Greek).
- Altınsaçlı S, Perçin-Paçal F, Altınsaçlı S (2015). Assessments on diversity, spatiotemporal distribution and ecology of the living ostracod species (Crustacea) in oligo-hypersaline coastal wetland of Bargilya (Milas, Muğla, Turkey). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 3 (2): 357–373.
- Barnes RSK (1980). Coastal lagoons. The natural history of a neglected habitat. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cambridge Studies in Modern Biology, no. 1, 106 p.
- Barnes RJ, Barnes RSK (1994). The Brackish-Water Fauna of Northwestern Europe. Cambridge University Press, 287 pages.
- Barsotti G, Meluzzi C (1968). Osservazioni su Mytilus edulis L. e Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark.). Conchiglie 4:50–58 (in Italian).
- Biltekin D, Eriş K, Çağatay N, Akçer Ön S, Bal Akkoca D (2018). Late Pleistocene-Holocene environmental change in eastern Turkey: multiproxy palaeoecological data of vegetation and lake-catchment changes. Journal of Quaternary Science 33 (5): 575–585. doi: 10.1002/jqs.3037
- Biltekin D, Eriş KK, Bulut S (2021). Anthropogenic influences and climate changes in Lake Hazar (eastern Turkey) during the Late Holocene. Quaternary International 583: 70–82. doi: 10.1016/j. quaint.2021.02.023
- Blaauw M (2010). Methods and code for ‘classical’age-modelling of radiocarbon sequences. Quaternary Geochronology 5 (5): 512–518. doi: 10.1016/j.quageo.2010.01.002.
- Bottema S, Woldring H (1984). Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of southwestern Turkey. Paleohistoria 26: 123–149.
- Bottema S (1995). Holocene vegetation of the Van area: palynological and chronological evidence from Söğütlü, Turkey. Vegetation History and Archeobotany 4: 187–193. doi: 10.1007/ BF00203937
- Bozkurt Y (1971). Önemli Bazı Ağaç Türleri Odunlarının Tanımı Teknolojik özellikleri ve Kullanış Yerleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Yayını, No: 177 (in Turkish).
- Bozkurt Y (1982). Ağaç Teknolojisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Yayını, No: 296 (in Turkish).
- Cohen AS (2003). Paleolimnology, the History and Evolution of Lake Systems. Oxford University Press, p. 500
- Çağatay MN, Öğretmen N, Damcı E, Stockhecke M, Sancar Ü et al. (2014). Lake level and climate records of the last 90 ka from the Northern Basin of Lake Van, eastern Turkey. Quaternary Science Reviews 104: 97–116. doi: 10.1016/j. quascirev.2014.09.027
- Çağatay MN, Wulf S, Sancar Ü, Özmaral A, Vidal L et al. (2015). The tephra record from the Sea of Marmara for the last ca. 70 ka and its palaeoceanographic implications. Marine Geology 361: 96–110. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2015.01.005
- Chawchai S. Kylander ME, Chabangborn A, Löwemark L, Wohlfarth B (2016). Testing commonly used X-ray fluorescence core scanning-based proxies for organic-rich lake sediments and peat. Boreas 45: 180–189. doi: 10.1111/bor.12145
- CondeD,BonillaS,AubriotL,deLéonR,PintosW(1999).Comparison of the areal amount of chlorophyll a of planktonic and attached microalgae in a shallow coastal lagoon. Hydrobiologia 408/409: 285–291. doi: 10.1023/A:1017086513787
- Cour P (1974). Nouvelles techniques de détection des flux et des retombées polliniques: étude de la sédimentation des pollens et des spores à la surface du sol. Pollen et Spores 16: 103–141.
- Croudace IW, Rindby A, Rothwell RG (2006). ITRAX: description and evaluation of a new multi-function X-ray core scanner. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 267 (1): 51– 63. doi: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.267.01.04
- Cugny C, Mazier F, Galop D (2010). Modern and fossil non-pollen palynomorphs from the Basque mountains (western Pyrenees, France): The use of coprophilous fungi to reconstruct pastoral activity. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 19: 391–408. doi: 10.1007/s00334-010-0242-6
- Çınar ME, Bakır K, Öztürk B, Doğan A, Açık Ş et al. (2020). Spatial distribution pattern of macroinvertebrates associated with the black mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Sea of Marmara. Journal of Marine Systems 211: 103402. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103402
- Danladi İB, Akçer Ön S, Ön ZB, Schmidt S (2021). High-resolution temperature and precipitation variability of southwest Anatolia since 1730 CE from Lake Gölcük sedimentary records. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 30: 601–610. doi: 10.3906/yer-2008- 14
- Eastwood WJ, Roberts N, Lamb HF, Tibby JC (1999). Holocene Environmental Change in Southwest Turkey: a Palaeoecological Record of Lake and Catchment-Related Changes. Quaternary Science Reviews 18: 671–695. doi: 10.1016/S0277- 3791(98)00104-8
- Dean JR, Jones MD, Leng MJ, Noble SR, Metcalfe SE et al. (2015). Eastern Mediterranean hydroclimate over the late glacial and Holocene, reconstructed from the sediments of Nar lake, central Turkey, using stable isotopes and carbonate mineralogy. Quaternary Science Reviews 124: 162–174. doi: 10.1016/j. quascirev.2015.07.023.
- Ehrlich H, Bailey E, Wysokowski M, Jesionowski T (2021). Forced Biomineralization: A Review. Biomimetics 6 (3): 46. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics6030046
- Eriş K (2013). Late Pleistocene-Holocene sedimentary records of climate and lake-level changes in Lake Hazar, eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Quaternary International 302: 123–134. doi: 10.1016/j. quaint.2012.12.024
- Eriş KK, Akçer Ön S, Çağatay MN, Ülgen UB, Ön ZB et al. (2017). Late Pleistocene to Holocene paleoenvironmental evolution of Lake Hazar, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Quaternary International 486: 4–16. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2017.09.027
- Eriş KK, Arslan TN, Sabuncu A (2018b). Influences of climate and tectonic on the middle to late Holocene deltaic sedimentation in lake hazar, eastern Turkey. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 43: 3685–3697. doi: 10.1007/s13369-017-3021-1
- Erten P, Taşkın O (1985). Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten) Kabuklarında Tanen Miktarının Saptanmasına ilişkin Araştırmalar. Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik Bülten Serisi, No: 135.
- Fleitmann D, Cheng H, Badertscher S, Edwards RL, Mudelsee M et al. (2009). Timing and climatic impact of Greenland interstadials recorded in stalagmites from northern Turkey. Geophysical Research Letters 36 (19): L19707. doi: 10.1029/2009GL040050
- Garcia-Fayos P, Verdu ́ M (1998). Soil seed bank, factors controlling germination and establishment of a Mediterranean shrub: Pistacia lentiscus. L. Acta Oecologica 19: 357–366. doi: 10.1016/S1146-609X(98)80040-4
- Gelorini V, Verbeken A, van Geel B, Cocquyt C, Verschuren D (2011). Modern non-pollen palynomorphs from East African lake sediments. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 164: 143–173. doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.12.002
- Grimm EC (1987). CONISS: a Fortran 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares. Computers & Geosciences 13: 13–35. doi: 10.1016/0098-3004(87)90022-7
- Hughes-Allen L, Bouchard F, Hatté C, Meyer H, Pestryakova LA, Diekmann B, Subetto DA, Biskaborn BK (2021). 14,000- year carbon accumulation dynamics in a Siberian lake reveal catchment and lake productivity changes. Frontiers in Earth Science 9: 710257. ff10.3389/feart.2021.710257ff.
- Jones MD, Roberts CN, Leng MJ (2007). Quantifying climatic change through the last glacial–interglacial transition based on lake isotope palaeohydrlogy from central Turkey. Quaternary Research 67: 463–473. doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.01.004
- Jordano P (1989). Pre-dispersal biology of Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae): cumulative effects on seed removal by birds. Oikos 55: 375–386. doi: 10.2307/3565598
- Kamar G (2018). Palynology of lake Arin (eastern Anatolia, Turkey) deposits and its relation with water level change of lake van: preliminary findings. Quaternary International 486: 83–88. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2017.05.020.
- Kandemir G, Önde S, Temel F, Kaya Z (2017). Population variation in drought resistance and its relationship with adaptive and physiological seedling traits in Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.). Turkish Journal of Biology 41: 256-267. doi: 10.3906/biy- 1608-77
- Karadaş A (2013). Bornova Ovası Kıyı Sedimanlarında Palinolojik Analizler. Prof. Dr. İlhan KAYAN’a Armağan, Editör: ÖNER, E. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları. Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayın No: 181 (in Turkish).
- Karlıoğlu Kılıç NK, Caner H, Erginal AE, Ersin S, Selim HH et al. (2018). Environmental changes based on multi-proxy analysis of core sediments in Lake Aktaş Turkey: Preliminary results. Quaternary International 486: 89–97. doi: 10.1016/j. quaint.2018.02.004
- Kazancı N, Oguzkurt D, Girgin S, Dügel M (2003). Distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in relation to physico-chemical properties in the Köyceğiz-Dalyan Estuarine Channel System (Mediterranean Sea, Turkey). Indian Journal of Marine Science 32 (2):141–146.
- Kjerfve B (Editor) (1994). Coastal lagoon processes. Elsevier Oceanographic Series, Amsterdam, 1–8.
- Kuzucuoğlu C, Dörfler W, Kunesch S, Goupille F (2011). Mid- to late-Holocene climate change in central Turkey: The Tecer Lake record. The Holocene 21 (1): 173–188. doi: 10.1177/0959683610384163
- Kylander ME, Ampel L, Wohlfarth B, Veres D (2011). High- resolution X-ray fluorescence core scanning analysis of Les Echets (France) sedimentary sequence: New insights from chemical proxies. Journal of Quaternary Science 26: 109–117. doi: 10.1002/jqs.1438
- Larcher W (2000). Temperature stress and survival ability of Mediterranean sclerophyllous plants. Plant Biosystems 134: 279–295. doi: 10.1080/11263500012331350455
- Litt T, Krastel S, Sturm M, Kipfer R, Örçen S et al. (2009). ‘PALEOVAN’, International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP): site survey results and perspectives. Quaternary Science Reviews 28: 1555–1567. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.03.002
- Löwemark L, Bloemsma M, Croudace I, Daly JS, Edwards RJ et al. (2019). Practical guidelines and recent advances in the Itrax XRF core-scanning procedure. Quaternary International 514: 16–29. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2018.10.044
- Luterbacher J, García-Herrera R, Sena Akcer-On S, Allan R, Alvarez-Castro MC et al. (2012). A Review of 2000 Years of Paleoclimatic Evidence in the Mediterranean. The Climate of the Mediterranean Region. Edited by P. Lionello. 2012, Pages 87–185.
- Nixon SW (1982). Nutrients dynamics, primary production and fisheries yields of lagoons. Oceanologica Acta, 357–371.
- Ocakoğlu F, Kır O, Yılmaz İÖ, Açıkalın S, Erayık C et al. (2013). Early to Mid-Holocene Lake level and temperature records from the terraces of Lake Sünnet in NW Turkey. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 369: 175–184. doi: 10.1016/j. palaeo.2012.10.017
- Öktem E (1987). Kızılçam. Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, El Kitabı Dizisi 2, yayın serisi 52: 182 pages (in Turkish).
- Öktener A (2004). A preliminary research on mollusca species of some freshwaters of Sinop and Bafra. Gazi University. Journal of Science 17 (2): 21–30.
- Öztürk B, Doğan A, Bitlis Bakır B, Salman A (2014). Marine molluscs of the Turkish coasts: an updated checklist. Turkish Journal of Zoology 38: 832-879. doi: 10.3906/zoo-1405–78
- Reille M (1992). Pollen et spores d’Europe et d’Afrique du Nord. Laboratoire de botanique historique et de palynologie, Marseille, France. 543 pp.
- Reimer PJ, Austin WEN, Bard E, Bayliss A, Blackwell PG et al. (2020). The IntCal20 northern hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon 62 (4): 725–757. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2020.41.
- Reimer PJ, McCormac FG (2002). Marine radiocarbon reservoir corrections for the Mediterranean and Aegean seas. Radiocarbon 44 (1): 159–166.doi: 10.1017/S0033822200064766
- Roberts N, Jones MD, Benkaddour A, Eastwood WJ, Filippi ML et al. (2008). Stable isotope records of Late Quaternary climate and hydrology from Mediterranean lakes: the ISOMED synthesis. Quaternary Science Reviews 27: 2426–2441. doi: 10.1016/j. quascirev.2008.09.005
- Roberts N, Brayshaw D, Kuzucuoğlu C, Perez R, Sadori L (2011a). The Mid-Holocene Climatic Transition in the Mediterranean: Causes and Consequences. The Holocene 21 (1): 3–13. doi: 10.1177/0959683610388058
- Roberts N, Eastwood WJ, Kuzucuoğlu C, Fiorentino G, Caracuta V (2011b). Climatic, vegetation and cultural change in the eastern Mediterranean during the mid-Holocene environmental transition. The Holocene 21: 147–162. doi: 10.1177/0959683610386819
- Roberts N (Editor) (2014). The Holocene: An Environmental History. Wiley–Blackwell, USA, 3rd Edition, 378 pages.
- Rothwell RG, Hoogakker B, Thomson J, Croudace IW, Frenz M (2006). Turbidite Emplacement on the Southern Balearic Abyssal Plain (Western Mediterranean Sea) during Marine Isotope Stages 1-3: an Application of ITRAX XRF Scanning of Sediment Cores to Lithostratigraphic Analysis. Geological Society Special Publication. doi: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.267.01.06
- Russell AD, Hönisch B, Spero HJ, Lea DW (2004). Effects of seawater carbonate ion concentration and temperature on shell U, Mg, and Sr in cultured planktonic foraminifera. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68 (21): 4347-4361. doi: 10.1016/j. gca.2004.03.013
- Schöne BR, Zhanga Z, Radermacher P, Thébault J, Jacob DE et al. (2011). Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of ontogenetically old, long-lived bivalve shells (Arctica islandica) and their function as paleotemperature proxies. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 302 (1–2): 52–64. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.03.016
- Schwamborn G, Hartmann K, Wünnemann B, Rösler W, Berke MA et al. (2020). Sediment history mirrors Pleistocene aridification in the Gobi Desert (Ejina Basin, NW China). Solid Earth, 11 (4): 1375–1398, doi: 10.5194/se-11-1375-2020.
- Sullivan DG (1989). Human Induced Vegetation Change in Western Turkey: Pollen Evidence from Central Lydia. PhD Thesis, University of California, Berkeley.
- Tolunay A, Akyol A, Özcan M (2008). Usage of Trees and Forest Resources at Household Level: A Case Study of Asağı Yumrutaş Village from the West Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Research Journal of Forestry 2(1): 1–14. doi: 10.3923/ rjf.2008.1.14
- Ülgen UB, Oliver Franz S, Biltekin D, Çağatay MN, Roeser PA et al. (2012). Climatic and environmental evolution of the Lake Iznik (NW Turkey) over the last ~4700 years. Quaternary International 274: 88–101. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2012.06.016
- van Geel B, Aptroot A, Mauquoy D (2006). Sub-fossil evidence for fungal hyperparasitism (Isthmospora spinosa on Meliola ellisii, on Calluna vulgaris) in a Holocene intermediate ombrotrophic bog in northern-England. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 141: 121–126. doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2005.12.004
- van Zeist W, Woldring H, Stapert D (1975). Late Quaternary Vegetation and Climate of Southwestern Turkey. Palaeohistoria 17: 53–143.
- van Zeist W, Woldring H (1978). A postglacial pollen diagram from Lake Van in east Anatolia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 26: 249–276. doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(78)90015-5
- van Zeist W, Bottema S (1991). Late Quaternary vegetation of the Near East. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas Des Vorderen Orients Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften) Nr. 18, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden.
- Vorobyev VP (1949). A Benthos of Azov Sea. In: Trudy Azovo- Chernomorskogo Inst. morsk. rybnogo hozyaistva i okeanografii, Izd. Pischevaya promyshlennost.
- Weaver PPE, Schultheiss PJ (1990). Current methods for obtaininig, logging and splitting marine sediment cores. Marine Geophysical Researches 12: 85–100.
- Wick L, Lemcke G, Strum M (2003). Evidence of Lateglacial and Holocene climatic change and human impact in eastern Anatolia: high resolution pollen, charcoal, isotopic and geochemical records from the laminated sediments of Lake Van, Turkey. The Holocene 13 (5): 665–675. doi: 10.1191/0959683603hl653rp
- Woodbridge J, Roberts N (2011). Late Holocene climate of the Eastern Mediterranean inferred from diatom analysis of annually-laminated lake sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews 30: 3381–3392. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.013
| APA | Biltekin D, Schwamborn G, Eriş K, ACAR D, Ekberzade B, Hashemi Z, yakupoğlu n, Mohammadi A, Yetemen O (2022). A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years. , 438 - 451. 10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
| Chicago | Biltekin Demet,Schwamborn Georg Johannes,Eriş Kürşad Kadir,ACAR DURSUN,Ekberzade Bikem,Hashemi Zahra,yakupoğlu nurettin,Mohammadi Ali,Yetemen Omer A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years. (2022): 438 - 451. 10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
| MLA | Biltekin Demet,Schwamborn Georg Johannes,Eriş Kürşad Kadir,ACAR DURSUN,Ekberzade Bikem,Hashemi Zahra,yakupoğlu nurettin,Mohammadi Ali,Yetemen Omer A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years. , 2022, ss.438 - 451. 10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
| AMA | Biltekin D,Schwamborn G,Eriş K,ACAR D,Ekberzade B,Hashemi Z,yakupoğlu n,Mohammadi A,Yetemen O A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years. . 2022; 438 - 451. 10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
| Vancouver | Biltekin D,Schwamborn G,Eriş K,ACAR D,Ekberzade B,Hashemi Z,yakupoğlu n,Mohammadi A,Yetemen O A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years. . 2022; 438 - 451. 10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
| IEEE | Biltekin D,Schwamborn G,Eriş K,ACAR D,Ekberzade B,Hashemi Z,yakupoğlu n,Mohammadi A,Yetemen O "A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years." , ss.438 - 451, 2022. 10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
| ISNAD | Biltekin, Demet vd. "A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years". (2022), 438-451. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
| APA | Biltekin D, Schwamborn G, Eriş K, ACAR D, Ekberzade B, Hashemi Z, yakupoğlu n, Mohammadi A, Yetemen O (2022). A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 31(5), 438 - 451. 10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
| Chicago | Biltekin Demet,Schwamborn Georg Johannes,Eriş Kürşad Kadir,ACAR DURSUN,Ekberzade Bikem,Hashemi Zahra,yakupoğlu nurettin,Mohammadi Ali,Yetemen Omer A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no.5 (2022): 438 - 451. 10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
| MLA | Biltekin Demet,Schwamborn Georg Johannes,Eriş Kürşad Kadir,ACAR DURSUN,Ekberzade Bikem,Hashemi Zahra,yakupoğlu nurettin,Mohammadi Ali,Yetemen Omer A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.31, no.5, 2022, ss.438 - 451. 10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
| AMA | Biltekin D,Schwamborn G,Eriş K,ACAR D,Ekberzade B,Hashemi Z,yakupoğlu n,Mohammadi A,Yetemen O A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2022; 31(5): 438 - 451. 10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
| Vancouver | Biltekin D,Schwamborn G,Eriş K,ACAR D,Ekberzade B,Hashemi Z,yakupoğlu n,Mohammadi A,Yetemen O A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2022; 31(5): 438 - 451. 10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
| IEEE | Biltekin D,Schwamborn G,Eriş K,ACAR D,Ekberzade B,Hashemi Z,yakupoğlu n,Mohammadi A,Yetemen O "A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years." Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 31, ss.438 - 451, 2022. 10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
| ISNAD | Biltekin, Demet vd. "A history of Pistacia lentiscus and Pinus brutia trees and their ecological changes in the Güllük Bay (Muğla, SW Turkey) during the last 400 years". Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 31/5 (2022), 438-451. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1812 |
