Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 3537 - 3553 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.21325/jotags.2022.1154 İndeks Tarihi: 05-01-2023

Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs

Öz:
The study aimed to determine the approaches of the kitchen chefs of restaurant businesses to the menu engineering processes. A focus group interview with six professional kitchen chefs was held in 2020 to achieve this goal. The analysis of the data collected by the focus group interview method was carried out with descriptive analysis, which is one of the qualitative data analysis methods. In the research findings, it was determined that restaurant kitchen chefs tended to use different applications in menu engineering processes due to intense competition and changing guest expectations. In this process, it was determined that guest satisfaction, raw material cost, labor cost, efficiency, availability of materials, suppliers, qualified personnel, equipment needs, compliance with guest requests, target customer, and concept were the most striking factors. Overall, it was determined that kitchen chefs prioritize guest satisfaction more in menu engineering processes.
Anahtar Kelime: Gastronomy Guest satisfaction Kitchen chefs Menu engineering processes Restaurant businesses

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Aguilera, J. M. , (2018). Relating food engineering to cooking and gastronomy. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science And Food Safety, 17(4), 1021-1039.
  • Antun, J. M., & Gustafson, C. M. (2005). Menu analysis: Design, merchandising, and pricing strategies used by successful restaurants and private clubs. Journal of Nutrition in Recipe & Menu Development, 3(3-4), 81-102.
  • Arikan, E., Sürücü, Ö. A., & Arman, A. (2018). Problems and solution proposals in training kitchens of higher education institutions. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 592, 601.
  • Bacon, L. & Krpan, D. (2018). (Not) Eating for The Environment: The impact of restaurant menu design on vegetarian food choice. Appetite, 125 (2018) 190-200.
  • Bayou, M. E. & Bennett, L. B. (1992). Profitability analysis for table service restaurants. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 33(2), 49–55.
  • Berg, Bruce L. (2004). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences (5th Edition). Pearson, 46.
  • Bertrand, J. T., Brown, J. E., & Ward, V. M. (1992). Techniques for analyzing focus group data. Evaluation Review, 16(2), 198-209.
  • Bowen, J.T. & Morris, A.J. (1995). Menu design: Can menus sell?. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 7 (4), 4-9.
  • Chen, X. Ren, H, Liu, Y. Okumuş, B. and Bilgihan, A. (2020). Attention to chinese menus with metaphorical or metonymic names: An eye movement lab experiment. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 84 (2020) 102305.
  • Choi, J, G. Lee, B. Mok, J. (2010). An experiment on psychological gaze motion: Are-examination of item selection behavior of restaurant customers. Journal of Global Business and Technology, 6(1),68–79.
  • Dayan, E. & Bar-Hillel, M. (2011). Nudge to nobesity II: Menu position influences food orders. Judgment and Decision Making, 6(4), 333-342.
  • Dogan, M., & Olgay, P. (2022). A Research on the general knowledge of pastry chefs about food colorings and their awareness of reading labels. International Journal of Gastronomy Research, 1(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.56479/ayed.2022.03231
  • Fang, C. Y., & Hsu, F. S. (2014). An efficiency-based metafrontier approach to menu analysis. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 38(2), 199-221.
  • Filimonau, V. & Krivcova, M. (2017). Restaurant menu design and more responsible consumer food choice: An exploratory study of managerial perceptions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 516-527.
  • Gibbs A. (1997). Focus Groups, Social Research Update Issue 19, Guilford,
  • Glanz, K., Resnicow, K., Seymour, J., Hoy, K., Stewart, H., Lyons, M., & Goldberg, J. (2007). How major restaurant chains plan their menus: The role of profit, demand, and health. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 32(5), 383-388.
  • Goldman, A. E., & MacDonald, S. S. (1987). The Group Depth Interview: Principles and practice. Prentice-Hall.
  • Gordon, W. & Roy L. (1988). Qualitative Market Research: A Practitioner's & Buyer's Guide, Gower: London. (10 th edt. Goss & Leinbach, 1996)
  • Goss, J. D., & Leinbach, T. R. (1996). Focus groups as alternative research practice: Experience with transmigrants in Indonesia. Area, 115-123.
  • Hayes, D. K., & Huffman, L. (1985). Menu analysis: A better way. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 25(4), 64-70.
  • Hunt, R. R. (1995). The subtlety of distinctiveness: What von Restorff really did. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2(1), 105-112.
  • Jones, P., & Mifl M. (2001). Menu development and analysis in UK restaurant chains. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3(1), 61-71.
  • Jung, J. W. (2014). A study on the influence of menu selection attributes and design of western restaurants on the customer value and customer satisfaction. Culinary Science and Hospitality Research, 20(6), 69-79.
  • Kasavana, M. L., Smith, D. I., & Schmidgall, R. S. (1990). Menu engineering: a practical guide to menu analysis. Rev.
  • Kim, E. Tang, L. R. Meusel, C. & Gupta, M. (2018). Optimization of menu-labeling formats to drive healthy dining: An eye tracking study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 70, 37-48.
  • Kincaid, C. S., & Corsun, D. L. (2003). Are consultants blowing smoke? An empirical test of the impact of menu layout on item sales. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
  • Kirk, J. & Marc L. M. (1986). Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research, Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA, s. 21.
  • Kitzinger, J. (1995). Qualitative research: introducing focus groups. Bmj, 311(7000), 299-302.
  • Kivela, J. (2003). Results of a qualitative approach to menu planning using control and experimental groups. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 6(4), 43-65.
  • Kivela, J. (2004). Results of a qualitative approach to menu planning using control and experimental groups. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 6(4), 43-65.
  • Kotschevar, L. H., & Withrow, D. (2007). Study Guide to Accompany Management By Menu, 4e. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Krueger, R. & Mary A. C. (2000). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research (3rd Edition). SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Kwong, L. Y. L. (2005). The application of menu engineering and design in Asian restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24, 91–106.
  • Lai, H. B. J., Karim, S., Krauss, S. E., & Ishak, F. A. (2019). Can restaurant revenue management work with menu analysis?. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 18(3), 204-212.
  • LeBruto, S. M., Quain, W. J., & Ashley, R. A. (1995). Menu engineering: a model including labor. Hospitality Review, 13(1), 5.
  • Lee, S. H., Lee, J., & Neilson, S. M. (2018). Exploring guest preferences of breakfast menu: conjoint analysis. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 16(2), 149-164.
  • Lengua L. J. Mark W. R. Erika S. N. Marcia L. Michaels, C. N. B. and Louis F. W. (1992). Using focus groups to guide the development of a parenting program for difficult to reach, high risk families. Family Relations, 41(2), (Apr.), 163-168.
  • Linassi, R., Alberton, A., & Marinho, S. V. (2016). Menu engineering and activity-based costing: an improved method of menu planning. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
  • Lo, A. King, B. & Mackenzie, M. (2017). Restaurant customers’ attitude toward sustainability and nutritional menu labels. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 26(8), 846-867.
  • Luebbers, R. A., & Colorado, M. A. (1978). Meals and Menus: A study of change in prehistoric coastal settlements in South Australia. The Australian National University (Australia).
  • Lune, H., & Berg, B. L. (2017). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Pearson.
  • Macintosh, A. J., (1981). Focus groups in distance nursing education, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 18 (12), 1981– 1985.
  • McCall, M., & Lynn, A. (2008). The effects of restaurant menu item descriptions on perceptions of quality, price, and purchase intention. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 11(4), 439-445.
  • Miller, J. E., 1987. Menu Pricing & Strategy. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
  • Morgan, D. L. (1988). Focus Groups as Qualitative Research. Newburry Park, CA: Sage, 135-142
  • Morgan, D. L. (1997). Qualitative Research Methods: Focus Groups as Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi, 10, 9781412984287.
  • Morrison, P. (1997). Menu engineering in upscale restaurants. British Food Journal, 99(10), 388–395.
  • Nassar-Mcmillan, S. C. & Dianne L. B. (2002). Use of focus groups in survey item development. The Qualitative Report, 7(1), March, 60.
  • Nemeschansky, B., von der Heidt, T., & Kim, P. B. (2020). Customer-driven menu analysis (CDMA): Capturing customer voice in menu management. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91, 102417.
  • Nuutila, J., Risku-Norja, H., & Arolaakso, A. (2019). Public kitchen menu substitutions increase organic share and school meal sustainability at equal cost. Organic Agriculture, 9(1), 117-126.
  • O. Nyumba, T., Wilson, K., Derrick, C. J., & Mukherjee, N. (2018). The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9(1), 20-32.
  • Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533-544.
  • Patton, M. Q. (1987). How to Use Qualitative Methods in Evaluation, Sage, 42.
  • Pavesic, D. V. (1985). Prime numbers: Finding your menu's strengths. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 26(3), 70-77.
  • Pavesic, D. V. (1993). Hospitality education 2005: Curricular and programmatic trends. Hospitality Research Journal, 17(1), 285-294.
  • Pramualratana, A. & Napaporn, H. John K. J. (1985). Exploring the normative basis for age at marriage in Thailand: an example from focus group research. Journal of Marriage and the Family, February, 203-210.
  • Raab, C., Mayer, K., & Shoemaker, S. (2010). Menu engineering using activity-based costing: an exploratory study using a profit factor comparison approach. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 34(2), 204-224.
  • Rabiee, F. (2004). Focus-group interview and data analysis. Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, 63(4), 655-660.
  • Reynolds, D., Merritt, E. A., & Pinckney, S. (2005). Understanding menu psychology: An empirical investigation of menu design and consumer response. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 6(1), 1-9.
  • Robertson, D. A. & Lunn, P. (2019). The effect of spatial position of calorie information on choice, consumption and attention (No. 615). ESRI Working Paper.
  • Roseman, M. G., & Dipietro, R. B. (2005). An exploratory study of quick service restaurants' changing menus. Journal of Nutrition in Recipe & Menu Development, 3(3-4), 103-120.
  • Saiki, M., Shimpo, M., Akamatsu, R., & Komatsu, M. (2021). Restaurant menu-planning in Japan: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 24(2), 165-176.
  • Seyitoglu, F. (2017). Components of the menu planning process: the case of five star hotels in Antalya. British Food Journal.
  • STB, (T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı) (2021). Sektör Raporları: Gıda ve İçecek Sektör Raporu (2021), https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/plan-program-raporlar-ve-yayinlar/sektor-raporlari, (Erişim Tarihi: 18.12.2022).
  • Stewart, W. D. & Prem. N. Shamdasini, P.N. (1990). Focus Groups: Theory & Practice. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. 180-186
  • Taylor, J. Reynolds, D. & Brown, D. M. (2009). Multi-factor menu analysis using data envelopment analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(2), 213–225.
  • Templeton, Jane. F. (1994). Focus Groups: A Guide for Marketing and Advertising, Probus Pub. Co; First Edition, 88.
  • Wansink, B., Van Ittersum, K., & Painter, J. E. (2005). How descriptive food names bias sensory perceptions in restaurants. Food quality and preference, 16(5), 393-400.
  • Yang, S. S. (2012). Eye movements on restaurant menus: A revisitation on gaze motion and consumer scanpaths. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 1021-1029.
APA Mutlu H, DEMİRÇAKMAK İ, Doğan M (2022). Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs. , 3537 - 3553. 10.21325/jotags.2022.1154
Chicago Mutlu Hayrettin,DEMİRÇAKMAK İBRAHİM LEVENT,Doğan Murat Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs. (2022): 3537 - 3553. 10.21325/jotags.2022.1154
MLA Mutlu Hayrettin,DEMİRÇAKMAK İBRAHİM LEVENT,Doğan Murat Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs. , 2022, ss.3537 - 3553. 10.21325/jotags.2022.1154
AMA Mutlu H,DEMİRÇAKMAK İ,Doğan M Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs. . 2022; 3537 - 3553. 10.21325/jotags.2022.1154
Vancouver Mutlu H,DEMİRÇAKMAK İ,Doğan M Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs. . 2022; 3537 - 3553. 10.21325/jotags.2022.1154
IEEE Mutlu H,DEMİRÇAKMAK İ,Doğan M "Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs." , ss.3537 - 3553, 2022. 10.21325/jotags.2022.1154
ISNAD Mutlu, Hayrettin vd. "Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs". (2022), 3537-3553. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2022.1154
APA Mutlu H, DEMİRÇAKMAK İ, Doğan M (2022). Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 10(4), 3537 - 3553. 10.21325/jotags.2022.1154
Chicago Mutlu Hayrettin,DEMİRÇAKMAK İBRAHİM LEVENT,Doğan Murat Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies 10, no.4 (2022): 3537 - 3553. 10.21325/jotags.2022.1154
MLA Mutlu Hayrettin,DEMİRÇAKMAK İBRAHİM LEVENT,Doğan Murat Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, vol.10, no.4, 2022, ss.3537 - 3553. 10.21325/jotags.2022.1154
AMA Mutlu H,DEMİRÇAKMAK İ,Doğan M Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies. 2022; 10(4): 3537 - 3553. 10.21325/jotags.2022.1154
Vancouver Mutlu H,DEMİRÇAKMAK İ,Doğan M Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies. 2022; 10(4): 3537 - 3553. 10.21325/jotags.2022.1154
IEEE Mutlu H,DEMİRÇAKMAK İ,Doğan M "Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs." Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 10, ss.3537 - 3553, 2022. 10.21325/jotags.2022.1154
ISNAD Mutlu, Hayrettin vd. "Menu Engineering in the Restaurant Business: A Study on Kitchen Chefs". Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies 10/4 (2022), 3537-3553. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2022.1154