The phallus has represented sovereignty, wealth, and fertility throughout the history of civilization. Many historical figures with their exaggerated phallus, are portrayed as symbols of domination, sovereignty and power. But it is also wrong to say that the phallus always represents domination and power. Although Priapos, who is mentioned as the god of fertility in mythology, is exaggeratedly depicted with erect male genitalia, it can be said that his life story is not so grandiose. He also has a short, ugly face appearance, despite his large, erect phallus. According to modern medical knowledge, these physical features reflect the phenotype characteristics of individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The fact of the matter is that these patients are not men. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a disease that results in adrenal insufficiency due to genetic defects responsible for cortisol synthesis. In congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency, the female sex hormone estrogen cannot be synthesized due to the block in the enzyme pathway, and the pathway leads to overproduction of the male sex hormone androgens. Hyperandrogen production in both males and females causes virilization, that is, semi- masculinization, in the genital organs and other bodily features as a karyotype. Excessive hair growth and common acne occur in patients. The acceleration in bone maturation due to hyperandrogenism causes extremely short stature. In women, the clitoris is so enlarged that it resembles male genitalia. These female individuals are sometimes grown, assuming they are males. We assume from the descriptions of Priapos that he is not really a man. He may have a simple virilizing type related to 21 hydroxylase deficiency or 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency due to his enormous external genitalia, excessively short stature, ugly facial appearance, possible acne, and even the lack of testicles in some figurines. We hypothesize that she may be a woman suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Based on modern biology and medical knowledge, this approach will provide a crucial perspective that will innovate in evaluating mythology and the understanding of femininity, masculinity, and body perceptions in past cultures.