Throughout the history of humanity, cooperation and solidarity have always existed, although they have changed according to each period's economic, social, cultural, and political structure. However, traditional aids were insufficient to solve the problems faced by the population concentrated in the cities, especially the workers, especially after the Industrial Revolution. As a result, there was a need for professional assistance and services for disadvantaged population groups. At the end of the 19th century, programs for social work education began to take shape. Social work in Anatolia has developed and transformed from a religious and traditional understanding rather than the social and economic changes that the West has undergone. Social work in Anatolia has developed and transformed with many social references, especially its religious and traditional roots. During the Ottoman Empire, especially orphans and orphans formed the priority area of social work. The Republican Period has been a turning point for the development of social services. Especially after the establishment of SHÇEK in 1963, institutionalization began in the provision of social services. In 2011, social service institutions affiliated with different units were gathered under a single roof under the name of the Ministry of Family and Social Policies. Even though there were name changes in the process, the Ministry of Family and Social Services, with its current name, has become the institution where social services are provided to improve and change the situation of individuals, groups, and local communities, especially children, young people, elderly, disabled, women, asylum seekers, and immigrants. In this article, the historical development of social service institutions from the Ottoman period to the present and the services they provide are included.