Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 21 - 46 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053 İndeks Tarihi: 01-06-2023

Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media

Öz:
Meta Platforms, the owner of Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp, is the world's largest social media company. The revenue model of social media companies is based on targeted advertising. In this type of advertising, the likes left by the us er on social media and all kinds of data are sold to marketing companies as commodities. Users are expected to devote all their time and attention to the platform. The more users and time spent on the platform, the more user attention and data can be harvested, which is the prerequisite for social media companies to accumulate capital. Privacy policies have secured the collection of data. To avoid giving up on the gains provided by social media, users often ignore or never read what is written in the privacy policy so as not to waste time. Thus, they consent to their data being sold to marketing companies. Users produce and consume social media content themselves. They spend considerable time and labour doing that. However, users never get paid for that. Also, their data is sold to marketing companies as commodities. That is called digital labour exploitation. Social media platforms are free in theory, yet the exploitation of the users is the price to be paid in practice. This study aims to explain the exploitation of digital labour, characterized by unpaid user labour and data in social media. In the theoretical part of the study, the exploitation of digital labour was examined based on Facebook's capital accumulation model. A field study was conducted to identify the approach and awareness of social media users in Turkey on digital labour exploitation. It concluded that users were not highly aware of digital labour exploitation. It was determined that many users prefer to keep using these social media despite the exploitation in these platforms.
Anahtar Kelime:

Facebook’un Eleştirel Ekonomi Politiği: Sosyal Medyada Dijital Emek Sömürüsü

Öz:
Facebook, Instagram ve WhatsApp’ın sahibi Meta Platforms dünyanın en büyük sosyal medya şirketidir. Sosyal medya şirketlerinin gelir modeli hedefli reklamcılığa dayanmaktadır. Bu reklamcılık türünde kullanıcının sosyal medyada bıraktığı beğeni ve her türlü veri meta olarak pazarlama şirketlerine satılır. Kullanıcıların tüm zaman ve dikkatlerini platforma vermesi beklenir. Kullanıcı sayısı ne kadar artar ve platformda ne kadar zaman harcanırsa o kadar fazla kullanıcı dikkati ve verisi hasat edilebilecektir. Sosyal medya şirketlerinin sermaye birikimi gerçekleştirebilmesinin önkoşulu budur. Verilerin toplanması gizlilik politikalarıyla garanti altına alınmıştır. Sosyal medyanın sağladığı kazanımlardan vazgeçmemek adına gizlilik politikasında yazılanlar çoğu zaman umursanmaz ya da bu politikalar vakit kaybı olmasın diye kullanıcılar tarafından hiç okunmaz. Böylece verilerinin pazarlama şirketlerine satılmasına razı olurlar. Kullanıcılar sosyal medya içeriğini kendileri üretip tüketirler. Bu sırada hatırı sayılır bir emek zamanı harcarlar. Harcanan emek zamanı ve pazarlama şirketlerine meta olarak satılan verileri karşılığında kullanıcılara hiç ödeme yapılmaz. Buna dijital emek sömürüsü adı verilir. Sosyal medya platformları teoride bedavadır; fakat pratikte ödenen bedel kullanıcının sömürülmesidir. Bu çalışmada sosyal medyada karşılığı ödenmemiş kullanıcı emeği ve verisiyle karakterize olan dijital emek sömürüsünün açıklanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın kuramsal kısmında dijital emek sömürüsü Facebook’un sermaye birikim modeli esas alınarak incelenmiştir. Türkiye’deki sosyal medya kullanıcılarının dijital emek sömürüsü karşısındaki tutum ve farkındalıklarını tespit etmek amacıyla da alan araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alan araştırmasında kullanıcıların dijital emek sömürüsü karşısında farkındalıklarının yüksek olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Azımsanmayacak oranda kullanıcının da sosyal medyada var olmayı sömürülmenin önüne koyduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA ASLANYÜREK M, Özmen S (2023). Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media. , 21 - 46. 10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053
Chicago ASLANYÜREK MALIK,Özmen Seçkin Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media. (2023): 21 - 46. 10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053
MLA ASLANYÜREK MALIK,Özmen Seçkin Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media. , 2023, ss.21 - 46. 10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053
AMA ASLANYÜREK M,Özmen S Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media. . 2023; 21 - 46. 10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053
Vancouver ASLANYÜREK M,Özmen S Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media. . 2023; 21 - 46. 10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053
IEEE ASLANYÜREK M,Özmen S "Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media." , ss.21 - 46, 2023. 10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053
ISNAD ASLANYÜREK, MALIK - Özmen, Seçkin. "Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media". (2023), 21-46. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053
APA ASLANYÜREK M, Özmen S (2023). Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media. Turkish Studies (Elektronik), 18(1), 21 - 46. 10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053
Chicago ASLANYÜREK MALIK,Özmen Seçkin Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media. Turkish Studies (Elektronik) 18, no.1 (2023): 21 - 46. 10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053
MLA ASLANYÜREK MALIK,Özmen Seçkin Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media. Turkish Studies (Elektronik), vol.18, no.1, 2023, ss.21 - 46. 10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053
AMA ASLANYÜREK M,Özmen S Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media. Turkish Studies (Elektronik). 2023; 18(1): 21 - 46. 10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053
Vancouver ASLANYÜREK M,Özmen S Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media. Turkish Studies (Elektronik). 2023; 18(1): 21 - 46. 10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053
IEEE ASLANYÜREK M,Özmen S "Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media." Turkish Studies (Elektronik), 18, ss.21 - 46, 2023. 10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053
ISNAD ASLANYÜREK, MALIK - Özmen, Seçkin. "Critical Political Economy of Facebook: Digital Labour Exploitation in Social Media". Turkish Studies (Elektronik) 18/1 (2023), 21-46. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.64053