Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 58 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 1118 - 1136 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090 İndeks Tarihi: 26-06-2023

The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals

Öz:
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the gender role attitude, marriage attitude and marriage anxiety of unmarried young individuals, both with each other and with the explanatory variables related to demographic and parental marriage. The sample of the study consisted of 848 unmarried young individuals between the ages of 18-29 residing in Ankara. The data of the research were collected by creating an online questionnaire using the Snowball Sampling Method. In the research, Gender Roles Attitude Scale, Marriage Attitude Scale and Marriage Anxiety Scale were used to determine the gender role attitudes, marriage attitudes and marital concerns of young individuals. According to the findings of the study, the egalitarian gender role attitude and marital anxiety levels of female participants are higher than male participants. The attitudes towards marriage of male participants are more positive than female participants. Those whose parents are divorced or separated and those who evaluate their parents' marriage as conflicting have more negative attitudes towards marriage while marital anxiety levels are higher than those whose parents are alive and together, and those who see their parents' marriage as happy. In the study, there was a negative relationship between egalitarian gender role attitude and positive attitude towards marriage; positive relationship between marriage anxiety and egalitarian gender role attitude; a negative relationship was found between marriage attitude and marriage anxiety. The results obtained from the study were discussed within the framework of the literature; recommendations for research and practice are presented.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Akbaş, M., Gökyıldız Sürücü, Ş., Onat Köroğlu, C., & Öztürk, M. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin evlilik tutumlarını etkileyen faktörler. Çukurova Tıp Dergisi. 44 (1), 93-100. DOI: 10.17826.
  • Akın, M. H., & Aydemir, M. A. (2007). Üniversitede okuyan kız öğrencilerin cinsiyet rolü tutumları bağlamında aile ve evlilik kurumlarına bakışları (Selçuk Üniversitesi örneği). Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Edebiyat Dergisi, 0(18), 43-60. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sefad/issue/16475/171973.
  • Aktaş, C. (1995). Mahremiyetin Tükenişi, İstanbul: Nehir Press.
  • Amato P.R., & Booth A. (1995) Changes in gender role attitudes and perceived marital quality. American Sociological Review. 60 (1): 58–66. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2096345?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents.
  • Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist. 55(5), 469–480. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469.
  • Atabek, E. (1989). Kışkırtılmış kadınlık bastırılmış erkeklik. İstanbul: Altın kitaplar.
  • Bakioğlu, F., & Türküm, A. S. (2019). Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlaması. Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi. 27(2), 717-725. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.2697.
  • Baş, H. (2017). Türkiye’de genç nüfus: Sorunlar ve politikalar. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. (27), 255-288. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sbe/issue/38545/507016.
  • Bayoğlu, F., & Atli, A. (2014). İnönü evlilik tutum ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri. Ege Eğitim Dergisi. 15(2), 397-415. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.12984/eed.79063.
  • Beauvoir, S.D. (2020). İkinci cinsiyet (G. Acar Savran, Trans.). İstanbul: Koç University Press.
  • Boyer-Pennington, M. E., Pennington, J., & Spink, C. (2001). Students' expectations and optimismtoward marriage as a function of parental divorce.d Journal of Divorce&Remarriage. 34(3-4), 71–87. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v34n03_05.
  • Blagojevic, M. (1989). The attitudes of young people towards marriage: From the change of substance to the change of form. Marriage & Family Review. 14(1-2), 217–238. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v14n01_12.
  • Budak, S. (2000). Psikoloji sözlüğü. Bilim ve Sanat Press. Ankara
  • Çelik, E., & Erkilet, G. (2019). Evlilik kaygısı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ege Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2(1), 47-57.
  • Coverman, S. (1983). Gender, domestic labor time, and wage inequality. American Sociological Review, 48(5), 623–637. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.2307/2094923.
  • Damji, T., & Lee, C. M. (1995). Gender role identity and perceptions of Ismaili Muslim men and women. The Journal of Social Psychology. 135(2), 215–223. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1995.9711425.
  • Demirtaş, A.H. (1999). Anne ve Baba Adaylarının Doğacak Çocuklara Yönelik Beklentileri: Çocuğun Cinsiyetinin ve Anababanın Cinsiyet Yükünün Etkileri/Anne ve Baba Adaylarının Çocuklarından Beklentileri: Çocuğun Cinsiyetinin ve Anne Babanın Cinsiyet Rol Yöneliminin Etkileri. (Master's Thesis). Ankara University Social Sciences İnstitute, Ankara.
  • Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (2007). The advantages of an inclusive definition of attitude. Social Cognition, 25(5), 582–602. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2007.25.5.582.
  • Eralp, A., & Gökmen, Ş. (2020). Ortalama evlilik yaşının yükselmesini etkileyen faktörler ve cinsiyete göre farklılıklar. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 7 (2), 395-412. DOI: 10.17541/optimum.698063.
  • Ergin, A., Bekar, T., & Aydemir Acar, G. (2019). Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine yönelik tutumları ve etkileyen faktörler. Fırat Tıp Dergisi, 24(3), 122- 128. Retrieved from: http://www.firattipdergisi.com/text.php3?id=1163.
  • Eroğlu, K., Kısa, S., Kocaöz, S., Taşkın, L., Vefikuluçay, D., & Zeyneloğlu, S. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin görüşleri. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 775-792. Retrieved from: http://www.insanbilimleri.com.
  • Esen, E. Soylu, Y. Siyez, D. M., & Demirgürz, G. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinde toplumsal cinsiyet algısının toplumsal cinsiyet rolü ve cinsiyet değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi. E-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 46-63. DOI: 10.19160/5000197327.
  • Fallahchai, R., & Fallahi, M. (2019). Gender differences in expectations, purposes and attitudes to marriage in university students. Iranian Evolutionary Educational Psychology Journal, 1(1), 42-50. Retrieved from: http://ieepj.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-27-en.html.
  • Gabardi, L., & Rosén, L. A. (1991). Differences between college students from divorced and intact families. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 15(3-4), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v15n03_10.
  • García-Cueto, E., Rodríguez-Díaz, F.J., Bringas-Molleda, C., López-Cepero, J., Paíno-Quesada, S., & Rodríguez-Franco, L. (2015). Development of the gender role attitudes scale (GRAS) amongst young Spanish people. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 15(1), 61-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2014.10.004.
  • Giddens, A. (2012). Sosyoloji (C. Güzel, Trans.). İstanbul: Kırmızı Press. Retrieved from: https://iletisimkutuphanem30419862.files.wordpress.com/2018/01/anthony-giddens- sosyoloji.pdf.
  • Greenstein, N. T., & Davis, S. N. (2006) Cross national variations in divorce: Effects of women’s power, prestige and dependence. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 37 (2) 253-273. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239850631_Cross-national_variations_in_divorce_Effects_of_women's_power_prestige_and_dependence.
  • Gudykunst, W. B., & Shapiro, R. B. (1996). Communication in everyday interpersonal and intergroup encounters. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20(1), 19–45. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(96)00037-5.
  • Haig, D. (2004). The inexorable rise of gender and the decline of sex: Social change in academic titles, 1945–2001. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 33, 87-96. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:ASEB.0000014323.56281.0d.
  • Haviland, W.A., Prins, H.E.L., Walrath, D., & McBride, B. (2008). Cultural Anthropology. The Human Challenge. Belmont: USA. Retrieved from: http://courseresources.mit.usf.edu/sgs/ang6469/canvas/module_1/read/haviland95613_0495095613_02.01_chapter01.pdf
  • Huang, Y. C., & Lin, S. H. (2014). Attitudes of Taiwanese college students toward marriage: A comparative study of different family types and gender. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 45(3), 425-438. DOI: 10.3138/jcfs.45.3.425.
  • Jacquet, S. E., & Surra, C. A. (2001). Parental divorce and premarital couples: Commitment and other relationship characteristics. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, (3), 627-638. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3654638?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents.
  • Jennings, A. M., Salts, C. J., & Smith, T. A. (1991). Attitudes toward marriage: Effects of parental conflict, family structure, and gender. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 17(1-2), 67–79. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v17n01_05.
  • Jones, G.W. (2005). “Flight from marriage” in South-East and East Asia. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 36 (1), 93-119. DOI: 10.3138/jcfs.36.1.93.
  • Kefalas, M. J., Furstenberg, F. F., Carr, P. J., & Napolitano, L. (2011). “Marriage is more than being together”: The meaning of marriage for young adults. Journal of Family Issues, 32(7), 845–875. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X10397277.
  • King, L. A., King, D. W., Carter, D. B., Surface, C. R., & Stepanski, K. (1994). Validity of the sex-role egalitarianism scale: Two replication studies. Sex roles: A Journal of Research, 31(5-6), 339–348. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01544593.
  • Kodan Çetinkaya, S. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin şiddet eğilimlerinin ve toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlarının incelenmesi. Nesne, 1 (2), 21-43. Retrieved from: https://www.nesnedergisi.com/makale/pdf/1382880308.pdf.
  • Kolpashnikova, K., Zhou, M., & Kan, M. (2021). Country differences in the link between gender-role attitudes and marital centrality: Evidence from 24 countries. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 61(5), 291-309. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715220985922.
  • Konda. (2019). Türkiye toplumsal cinsiyet raporu. Hayat tarzları araştırması. Retrieved from: https://konda.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/KONDA_ToplumsalCinsiyetRaporu.pdf.
  • Kulik, L. (1999). Gendered personality disposition and gender role attitudes among Israeli students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139(6), 736-747. DOI:10.1080/00224549909598253.
  • Larson, J. H., Benson, M. J., Wilson, S. M., & Medora, N. (1998). Family of origin influences on marital attitudes and readiness for marriage in late adolescents. Journal of Family Issues, 19(6), 750–768. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1177/019251398019006005.
  • Lindsey, L.L. (2012). Gender roles: A sociological perspective. New York: Routledge.
  • Liu, G., & Vikat, A. (2004). Does divorce risk depend on spouses´ relative income? A register-based study of first marriages in Sweden in 1981–1998. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. DOI:10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2004-010.
  • Long, B. H. (1987). Perceptions of parental discord and parental separations in the United States: Effects on daughters' attitudes toward marriage and courtship progress. The Journal of Social Psychology, 127(6), 573–582.
  • Lye, D. N., & Waldron, I. (1997). Attitudes toward cohabitation, family, and gender roles: relationships to values and political ideology. Sociological Perspectives, 40(2), 199–225. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.2307/1389522.
  • Ma, A.K. (2002) The effects of divorce on young adults' relationship competence, Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, (38), 61-89. DOI: 10.1300/J087v38n01_04.
  • Meyer, D., & Paul, R. (2011). A cross-national examination of marriage and early life stressors as correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress. The Family Journal, 19(3), 274–280. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480711406678.
  • Murati, R. (2016). Family in contemporary society. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 510–513. Retrieved from: https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/3531.
  • Nicholson, L. (1994). Interpreting Gender. 20(1), 79–105. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3174928.
  • Oakley, A. (1972). Sex, gender and society. (P. Barker, Ed.). London: Gower Publishing Company Limited. Retrieved from: https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebasz4h67q3mcqldqtczbnx2i3cyvywwlhbd6csmo2twqzy6ec76a?filename=%28Towards%20a%20New%20Society%29%20Ann%20Oakley%20-%20Sex%2C%20Gender%20and%20Society-Gower%20Publishing%20Company%20Limited%20%281985%29.pdf.
  • Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1985). Süreksiz durumluk / sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları No:333 Eğitim Fakültesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü 2. nd ed.
  • Öngen, B., & Aytaç, S. (2013) Üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumları ve yaşam değerleri̇ ilişkisi̇. Journal of Sociological Studies, 0(48), 1-18. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iusoskon/issue/9552/119306
  • Özaydınlık, K. (2014). Toplumsal cinsiyet temelinde Türkiye’de kadın ve eğitim. Sosyal Politika ve Çalışma Dergisi, 33, 93-112. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21560/spcd.03093.
  • Reneflot, A. (2006). A gender perspective on preferences for marriage among cohabitating couples. Demographic Research. 15 (10), 311-328. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4746624_A_gender_perspective_on_preferences_for_marriage_among_cohabitating_couples.
  • Savaş, G. (2018). Türkiye’de yaşayan bireylerin toplumsal cinsiyet eşit(siz)liği algısı - gender (in) equality perception of individuals living in Turkey. Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi, 1(2), 101-121. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ktc/issue/39906/461518.
  • Seçgin, F., & Tural, A. (2011). Sınıf öğretmenliği bölümü öğretmen adaylarının toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumları. Education Sciences, 6 (4), 2446-2458. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/nwsaedu/issue/19818/212023.
  • Servaty, L., & Weber, K. (2011). The relationship between gender and attitudes toward marriage. Journal of Student Research. University of Wisconsin-Stout, ABD. Retrieved from: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/53228.
  • Tasker, F. L. (1992). Anti-marriage attitudes and motivations to marry amongst adolescents with divorced parents. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 18(3-4), 105–119. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v18n03_07
  • Tezcan S., & Coşgun, Y. (2004). Türkiye’de 20. Yüzyılın son çeyreğinde kadınlarda ilk evlenme yaşı değişimi ve günümüz evlilik özellikleri. Nüfusbilim DergisiTurkish Journal of Population Studies, 26, 15-34. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/213577.
  • Ünal, S., & Avcı, D. (2019). Kollektiviteden bireyciliğe geçiş: Aile ve evlilik kurumuna dair değişen göstergeler ve kaygılar. Turkish Studies Social Sciences, 14(5), 2641-2668. DOI:10.29228/TurkishStudies.37350.
  • Vefikuluçay, A. D., Zeyneloğlu, A. S., Eroğlu, P. K., & Taşkın, P. L. (2007). Kafkas Üniversitesi son sınıf öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin bakış açıları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 26-38. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hunhemsire/issue/7846/103312.
  • West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing Gender. Gender and Society, 1(2), 125–151. http://www.jstor.org/stable/189945
  • Willoughby, B., & James, S. (2017). The marriage paradox: Why emerging adults love marriage yet push it aside. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from: https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10,1093/acprof:oso/9780190296650.001.0001/acprof-9780190296650.
  • Yel, H. (2020). Toplumsal cinsiyet rollerindeki eşitsizlik bağlamında Nuri Bilge Ceylan sinemasında kadının konumu. (Master's Thesis). Batman Universty Social Sciences Institute, Batman.
  • Yılmaz, C., & Yalçın, H. (2021). Tek ebeveynli ergenlerin evliliğe yönelik tutumları ile gelecek beklentileri. Karatay Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, (6), 51-72. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/karataysad/issue/62196/883303.
  • Yüksel, N. (2006). Ruhsal Hastalıklar. Ankara: MN Medikal&Nobel.
  • Zeyneloğlu, S. (2008). Ankara'da hemşirelik öğrenimi gören üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumları. Doctoral Thesis, Hacettepe University.
APA SÖNMEZ N, COSKUNER AKTAS S (2023). The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals. , 1118 - 1136. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090
Chicago SÖNMEZ NİLGÜN,COSKUNER AKTAS SELDA The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals. (2023): 1118 - 1136. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090
MLA SÖNMEZ NİLGÜN,COSKUNER AKTAS SELDA The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals. , 2023, ss.1118 - 1136. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090
AMA SÖNMEZ N,COSKUNER AKTAS S The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals. . 2023; 1118 - 1136. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090
Vancouver SÖNMEZ N,COSKUNER AKTAS S The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals. . 2023; 1118 - 1136. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090
IEEE SÖNMEZ N,COSKUNER AKTAS S "The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals." , ss.1118 - 1136, 2023. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090
ISNAD SÖNMEZ, NİLGÜN - COSKUNER AKTAS, SELDA. "The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals". (2023), 1118-1136. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090
APA SÖNMEZ N, COSKUNER AKTAS S (2023). The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi, 58(2), 1118 - 1136. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090
Chicago SÖNMEZ NİLGÜN,COSKUNER AKTAS SELDA The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi 58, no.2 (2023): 1118 - 1136. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090
MLA SÖNMEZ NİLGÜN,COSKUNER AKTAS SELDA The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi, vol.58, no.2, 2023, ss.1118 - 1136. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090
AMA SÖNMEZ N,COSKUNER AKTAS S The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi. 2023; 58(2): 1118 - 1136. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090
Vancouver SÖNMEZ N,COSKUNER AKTAS S The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi. 2023; 58(2): 1118 - 1136. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090
IEEE SÖNMEZ N,COSKUNER AKTAS S "The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals." Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi, 58, ss.1118 - 1136, 2023. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090
ISNAD SÖNMEZ, NİLGÜN - COSKUNER AKTAS, SELDA. "The Relationships Between Attitudes Towards Gender Roles, Marriage and Marriage Anxiety of Single Youth Individuals". Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi 58/2 (2023), 1118-1136. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.04.2090