Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic
Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 176 - 184 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 İndeks Tarihi: 25-07-2023
Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic
Öz: Objectives: The lack of a specific proven treatment for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has led individuals to use different treatment options. Although their effects on COVID-19 have not been proven, interest in dietary supplements and aromatherapy has increased during the pandemic period. In this study, use of dietary supplements and aromatherapy was investigated for COVID-19 among individuals living within the borders of Türkiye. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 310 individuals. The questionnaire was prepared using online Google Forms and communicated to the participants via social media platforms. The data obtained from the study were analyzed with the statistical program. Results: The analyzes of the survey revealed that participants increased the usage of supplements mostly prophylactic and for treatment purposes during COVID-19 pandemic, 31.9% individuals declared that they consumed herbal tea/products, 38.1% of them used vitamin/mineral supplements (multivitamin-mineral, vitamins B1, B6, B12, C, D, calcium, coenzyme Q10, iron, magnesium, selenium, and zinc), and 18.4% of the individuals applied aromatherapy (meaning treatment with essential oils). As a result of the study, the most commonly used supplement was vitamin D, the most commonly consumed tea was green tea, the essential oil was thyme oil, and the most eaten vegetable was garlic. Moreover, other frequently used herbal products were found to contain ginger and onion as food and peppermint and eucalyptus oils as aromatherapeutics. Participants often reported that they found it safe to use elevated levels of herbs or herbal products against COVID-19. Conclusion: Among the individuals participating in this study, it has been observed that the use of dietary supplements has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The study revealed that vitamin D is prominent in self-medication use. Moreover, interest in aromatherapy and dietary supplements has increased. Among aromatherapeutics, thyme stood out over the applied essential oils.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. World Health Organization. Listings of WHO’s response to COVID-19. https://www.who.int/news/item/29-06-2020-covidtimeline
- 2. World Health Organization. (2020). Turkey’s response to COVID-19: First impressions. Ankara, Turkey. 11 July 2020 (no. WHO/EURO: 2020-1168- 40914-55408). World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/335803/WHO-EURO 2020-1168-40914-55408-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- 3. World Health Organization. (2021). Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19-30. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---31-march-2021 (Accessed October 4, 2021).
- 4. de Faria Coelho-Ravagnani C, Corgosinho FC, Sanches FFZ, Prado CMM, Laviano A, Mota JF. Dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutr Rev. 2021;79:382-393.
- 5. Dickinson A, Blatman J, El-Dash N, Franco JC. Consumer usage and reasons for using dietary supplements: report of a series of surveys. J Am Coll Nutr. 2014;33:176-82.
- 6. Gombart AF, Pierre A, Maggini S. A review of micronutrients and the immune system-working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection. Nutrients. 2020;12:236.
- 7. Mrityunjaya M, Pavithra V, Neelam R, Janhavi P, Halami PM, Ravindra PV. Immune-boosting, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory food supplements targeting pathogenesis of COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2020;11:570122.
- 8. Adams KK, Baker WL, Sobieraj DM. Myth busters: dietary supplements and COVID-19. Ann Pharmacother. 2020;54:820-826.
- 9. Hamishehkar H, Ranjdoost F, Asgharian P, Mahmoodpoor A, Sanaie S. Vitamins, are they safe? Adv Pharm Bull. 2016;6:467-477.
- 10. Ronis MJJ, Pedersen KB, Watt J. Adverse effects of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018;58:583-601.
- 11. Rogovik AL, Vohra S, Goldman RD. Safety considerations and potential interactions of vitamins: should vitamins be considered drugs? Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44:311-324.
- 12. Asif M, Saleem M, Saadullah M, Yaseen HS, Al Zarzour R. COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Inflammopharmacology. 2020;28:1153- 1161.
- 13. Leigh-de Rapper S, van Vuuren SF. Odoriferous therapy: a review identifying essential oils against pathogens of the respiratory tract. Chem Biodivers. 2020;17:e2000062.
- 14. Zhang Q, Zhang K, Zhang M, Liu X. Application of traditional chinese aromatherapy in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2021;5:83-88.
- 15. Hamulka J, Jeruszka-Bielak M, Górnicka M, Drywień ME, Zielinska Pukos MA. Dietary supplements during COVID-19 outbreak. Results of Google Trends Analysis Supported by PLifeCOVID-19 online studies. Nutrients. 2020;13:54.
- 16. Ahmed I, Hasan M, Akter R, Sarkar BK, Rahman M, Sarker MS, Samad MA. Behavioral preventive measures and the use of medicines and herbal products among the public in response to COVID-19 in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0243706.
- 17. Alyami HS, Orabi MAA, Aldhabbah FM, Alturki HN, Aburas WI, Alfayez AI, Alharbi AS, Almasuood RA, Alsuhaibani NA. Knowledge about COVID-19 and beliefs about and use of herbal products during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J. 2020;28:1326-1332.
- 18. Khabour OF, Hassanein SFM. Use of vitamin/zinc supplements, medicinal plants, and immune boosting drinks during COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study from Benha city, Egypt. Heliyon. 2021;7:e06538.
- 19. Louca P, Murray B, Klase K, Graham MS, Mazidi M, Leeming ER, Thompson E, Bowyer R, Drew DA, Nguyen LH, Merino J, Gomez M, Mompeo O, Costeira R, Sudre CH, Gibson R, Steves CJ, Wolf J, Franks PW, Ourselin S, Chan AT, Berry SE, Valdes AM, Calder PC, Spector TD, Menni C. Dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from 1.4 M users of the COVID symptom study app-a longitudinal app based community survey. medRxiv. 2020.
- 20. Hariadi P, Haritani H, Febriani Y, Rahim A, Yuliana TP, Ikhsan EA. Analysis of essential oils utilization in enhancing immune systems in the pandemic era. In 4th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2020-Health Science and Nursing (ICoSIHSN 2020). Atlantis Press. 2021;33:504-509.
- 21. Brenner H. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent COVID-19 infections and deaths-accumulating evidence from epidemiological and intervention studies calls for immediate action. Nutrients. 2021;13:411.
- 22. Jolliffe DA, Camargo CA Jr, Sluyter JD, Aglipay M, Aloia JF, Ganmaa D, Bergman P, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Borzutzky A, Damsgaard CT, Dubnov Raz G, Esposito S, Gilham C, Ginde AA, Golan-Tripto I, Goodall EC, Grant CC, Griffiths CJ, Hibbs AM, Janssens W, Khadilkar AV, Laaksi I, Lee MT, Loeb M, Maguire JL, Majak P, Mauger DT, Manaseki-Holland S, Murdoch DR, Nakashima A, Neale RE, Pham H, Rake C, Rees JR, Rosendahl J, Scragg R, Shah D, Shimizu Y, Simpson-Yap S, Trilok-Kumar G, Urashima M, Martineau AR. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9:276- 292.
- 23. Donma MM, Donma O. The effects of Allium sativum on immunity within the scope of COVID-19 infection. Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:109934.
- 24. Rouf R, Uddin SJ, Sarker DK, Islam MT, Ali ES, Shilpi JA, Nahar L, Tiralongo E, Sarker SD. Antiviral potential of garlic (Allium sativum) and its organosulfur compounds: a systematic update of pre-clinical and clinical data. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2020;104:219-234.
- 25. Pandey P, Khan F, Kumar A, Srivastava A, Jha NK. Screening of potent inhibitors against 2019 novel coronavirus (Covid-19) from Allium sativum and Allium cepa: an in silico approach. Biointerface Res Appl Chem. 2021;11:7981-7993.
- 26. Mhatre S, Srivastava T, Naik S, Patravale V. Antiviral activity of green tea and black tea polyphenols in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19: a review. Phytomedicine. 2021;85:153286.
- 27. Matsumoto K, Yamada H, Takuma N, Niino H, Sagesaka YM. Effects of green tea catechins and theanine on preventing influenza infection among healthcare workers: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011;11:15.
- 28. Lee MK, Lim S, Song JA, Kim ME, Hur MH. The effects of aromatherapy essential oil inhalation on stress, sleep quality and immunity in healthy adults: randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med. 2017;12:79-86.
- 29. Karan NB. Influence of lavender oil inhalation on vital signs and anxiety: a randomized clinical trial. Physiol Behav. 2019;211:112676.
- 30. Lelešius R, Karpovaitė A, Mickienė R, Drevinskas T, Tiso N, Ragažinskienė O, Kubilienė L, Maruška A, Šalomskas A. In vitro antiviral activity of fifteen plant extracts against avian infectious bronchitis virus. BMC Vet Res. 2019;15:178.
- 31. Kumar A, Choudhir G, Shukla SK, Sharma M, Tyagi P, Bhushan A, Rathore M. Identification of phytochemical inhibitors against main protease of COVID-19 using molecular modeling approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2021;39:3760-3770.
- 32. Salehi B, Mishra AP, Shukla I, Sharifi-Rad M, Contreras MDM, Segura Carretero A, Fathi H, Nasrabadi NN, Kobarfard F, Sharifi-Rad J. Thymol, thyme, and other plant sources: health and potential uses. Phytother Res. 2018;32:1688-1706.
- 33. Sardari S, Mobaiend A, Ghassemifard L, Kamali, K, Khavasi N. Therapeutic effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil on patients with COVID19: a randomized clinical trial. J Adv Med Biomed. 2021;29:83-91.
- 34. Ghahremani-Chabok A, Bagheri-Nesami M, Shorofi SA, Mousavinasab SN, Gholipour-Baradari A, Saeedi M. The effects of Thymus vulgaris inhalation therapy on airway status and oxygen saturation of patients under mechanical ventilation: a randomized clinical trial. Adv Integr Med. 2021;8:92-100.
| APA | MANCAK M, koca u (2023). Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic. , 176 - 184. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
| Chicago | MANCAK METHİYE,koca ufuk Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic. (2023): 176 - 184. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
| MLA | MANCAK METHİYE,koca ufuk Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic. , 2023, ss.176 - 184. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
| AMA | MANCAK M,koca u Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic. . 2023; 176 - 184. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
| Vancouver | MANCAK M,koca u Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic. . 2023; 176 - 184. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
| IEEE | MANCAK M,koca u "Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic." , ss.176 - 184, 2023. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
| ISNAD | MANCAK, METHİYE - koca, ufuk. "Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic". (2023), 176-184. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
| APA | MANCAK M, koca u (2023). Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(3), 176 - 184. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
| Chicago | MANCAK METHİYE,koca ufuk Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no.3 (2023): 176 - 184. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
| MLA | MANCAK METHİYE,koca ufuk Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol.20, no.3, 2023, ss.176 - 184. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
| AMA | MANCAK M,koca u Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023; 20(3): 176 - 184. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
| Vancouver | MANCAK M,koca u Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023; 20(3): 176 - 184. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
| IEEE | MANCAK M,koca u "Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic." Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20, ss.176 - 184, 2023. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
| ISNAD | MANCAK, METHİYE - koca, ufuk. "Applications of Dietary Supplements and Aromatherapy for Prophylactic and Treatment Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic". Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20/3 (2023), 176-184. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.21370 |
