HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ
Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 900 - 915 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.7456/tojdac.1321440 İndeks Tarihi: 10-10-2023
HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ
Öz: Tarihsel olarak marjinalize edilen topluluklar ve seslerini duyuramayan bireyler için sosyal medya, önemli bir etkileşim ve farkındalık imkânı sunmaktadır. Sosyal medyanın yaygın kullanımı, hemen her alanda olduğu gibi toplumsal hareketlerin ve aktivizm faaliyetlerinin yeniden şekillenmesinde de önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu kapsamda ortaya çıkan hashtag aktivizmi, sosyal medya ağlarında hashtaglerin kullanımıyla gerçekleşen bir dijital aktivizm hareketi olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu araştırma, uluslararası bir veri tabanı olarak dünya çapında kullanılan Scopus’ta yayınlanmış hashtag aktivizmine yönelik çalışmaların bibliyometrik analiz ile incelenerek, günümüzdeki ve gelecekteki eğilimleri ortayı çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, 5 Haziran 2023 tarihinde ‘‘hashtag activism’’ terimi kullanılarak Scopus’ta bir inceleme gerçekleştirilmiş ve araştırma başlıklarında bulunması şeklinde sınırlandırılarak toplamda 72 akademik çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Hashtag aktivizmine yönelik araştırmalar, VOSviewer yazılımı kullanılarak yazarlar, yayın yılları, anahtar kelimeler, atıflar, ülkeler ve ortak yazarlık gibi farklı çerçevelerde incelenerek tablolaştırılmış ve görselleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, henüz yeni sayılabilecek bir kavram olan hashtag aktivizmine yönelik araştırmaların Scopus veri tabanında 2015 yılı itibarıyla yayınlandıkları, toplamda 72 araştırmanın genellikle ülke bazında gerçekleştirildiği, en çok yayın yapan ve atıf alan ülkenin Amerika Birleşik Devletleri olduğu ve hashtag aktivizminin en çok sosyal medya, feminizm ve Twitter anahtar kelimeleri ile birlikte kullanıldığı gibi sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelime: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF HASHTAG ACTIVISM RESEARCHES
Öz: Social media provides an important platform for historically marginalized communities and individuals who have struggled to have their voices heard. The widespread use of social media has played a significant role in reshaping social movements and activism, much like in other areas. In this context, hashtag activism has emerged as a form of digital activism that utilizes the use of hashtags on social media networks. This research aims to examine studies on hashtag activism published in Scopus, an internationally recognized database, using bibliometric analysis to identify current and future trends. On June 5, 2023, a review was conducted on Scopus using the term "hashtag activism," and a total of 72 academic studies were obtained, limited to those that had the term in their research titles. Studies on hashtag activism were analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer software, focusing on authors, publication years, keywords, citations, countries, and co-authorship. The findings indicate that research on hashtag activism, still considered a relatively new concept, has been published in the Scopus database since 2015. The analysis revealed a total of 72 studies, primarily conducted on a country basis. The United States emerged as the leading country in terms of publications and citations. The study also found that the most common keywords associated with hashtag activism were social media, feminism and Twitter.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Almeida, P. & Chase-Dunn, C. (2018). Globalization and social movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 44, 189-211. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041307
- Bonilla, Y. & Rosa, J. (2015). # Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States. American Ethnologist, 42(1), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12112
- Bulut, Z. & Demirel İli, N. (2022). Türkiye ve dünyadaki ''hüzün turizmi'' çalışmalarının bibliyometrik analizi. Turizm ve İşletme Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 66-88.
- Burgess, J. & Baym, N.K. (2020). Twitter: A biography. New York University Press.
- Callison, C. & Hermida, A. (2015). Dissent and resonance: #Idlenomore as an emergent middle ground. Canadian Journal of Communication, 40(4), 695-716. https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2015v40n4a2958
- Carney, N. (2016). All lives matter, but so does race: Black lives matter and the evolving role of social media. Humanity & Society, 40(2), 180-199. https://doi.org/10.1177/0160597616643868
- Castells, M. (2013). İsyan ve umut ağları: İnternet çağında toplumsal hareketler. Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- Chiluwa, I. & Ifukor, P. (2015). War against our Children: Stance and evaluation in# BringBackOurGirls campaign discourse on Twitter and Facebook. Discourse & Society, 26(3), 267-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926514564735
- Christensen, H. S. (2011). Political activities on the Internet: Slacktivism or political participation by other means? First Monday, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v16i2.3336
- Ciszek, E. (2013). Advocacy and amplification: Nonprof it outreach and empowerment through participatory media. Public Relations Journal, 7(2), 187–213.
- Clark, R. (2016). “Hope in a hashtag”: The discursive activism of #WhyIStayed. Feminist Media Studies, 16(5), 788-804. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2016.1138235
- Conover, M. D., Ferrara, E., Menczer, F. & Flammini, A. (2013). The digital evolution of occupy wall street. PloS One, 8(5), e64679. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064679
- Cowart, H. S., Saunders, L. M. & Blackstone, G. E. (2016). Picture a protest: Analyzing media images tweeted from Ferguson. Social Media+Society, 2(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116674029
- Cumberbatch, P. & Trujillo-Pagán, N. (2016). Hashtag activism and why #BlackLivesMatter in (and to) the classroom. The Radical Teacher, (106), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.5195/rt.2016.302
- Çoban, S. & İnceoğlu, Y. (2015). İnternet ve sokak. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
- De Bakker, F. G., Groenewegen, P. & Den Hond, F. (2005). A bibliometric analysis of 30 years of research and theory on corporate social responsibility and corporate social performance. Business & Society, 44(3), 283-317. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650305278086
- Della Porta, D. & A. Mattoni (2015), Social movements. In the International Encyclopedia of Political Communication. John Wiley & Sons.
- Dobrin, D. (2020). The hashtag in digital activism: A cultural revolution. Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change, 5(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.20897/jcasc/8298
- Fuchs, C. & Sandoval, M. (2014). Introduction: Critique, social media and the information society in the age of capitalist crisis. Routledge.
- Gil-Gomez, H., Oltra-Badenes, R., Guerola-Navarro, V. & Zegarra Saldana, P. (2023). Crowdfunding: a bibliometric analysis. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 19(1), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-021-00784-0
- Goh, D. & Pang, N., 2016. Protesting the Singapore government: The role of collective action frames in social media mobilization. Telematics Inform, 33(2), 525–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.07.008
- Goswami, M. P. (2018). Social media and hashtag activism. Liberty Dignity and Change in Journalism, 252-262.
- Guo, Y. M., Huang, Z. L., Guo, J., Guo, X. R., Li, H., Liu, M. Y., Ezzeddine S. & Nkeli, M. J. (2021). A bibliometric analysis and visualization of blockchain. Future Generation Computer Systems, 116, 316-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2020.10.023
- Hara, N. & Huang, B-Y. (2011). Online social movements. Annual Review of Information Science & Technology, 45, 489–522. https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2011.1440450117
- Ichau, E., Frissen, T. & d'Haenens, L. (2019). From #selfie to #edgy. Hashtag networks and images associated with the hashtag #jews on Instagram. Telematics and Informatics, 44, 101275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101275
- İli, B. & Büyükbaykal, G. N. (2022). A bibliometric analysis of digital nomad researches. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 12(Dijitalleşme Özel Sayısı), 306-319. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1121236
- Jackson, S. J. (2016). (Re) imagining intersectional democracy from Black feminism to hashtag activism. Women's Studies in Communication, 39(4), 375-379. https://doi.org/10.1080/07491409.2016.1226654
- Jackson, S. J., Bailey, M. & Welles, B. F. (2020). #HashtagActivism: Networks of race and gender justice. MIT Press.
- Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. New York University Press.
- Khan-Ibarra, S. (2014, 13 Kasım). The case for social media and Hashtag activism. The Huffington Post. http://www.usfcam.usf.edu/InsideART/Inside_Art_Miki_Kratsman/Inside_Art_Miki_Kratsman_files/Miki_Kratsman.Day_3.Social_Media_and_Hashtag_Activism.Reading.pdf
- Kidd, D. & McIntosh, K. (2016). Social media and social movements. Sociology Compass, 10(9), 785-794. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12399
- Kulak, M., Özkan, A. & Bindak, R. (2019). A bibliometric analysis of the essential oil-bearing plants exposed to the water stress: How long way we have come and how much further? Scientia Horticulturae, 246, 418-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.11.031
- Leimbach, T. & Palmer, J. (2022). #AustraliaOnFire: Hashtag activism and collective affect in the Black Summer Fires. Journal of Australian Studies, 46(4), 496-511. https://doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2022.2121744
- Li, M., Turki, N., Izaguirre, C. R., DeMahy, C., Thibodeaux, B. L. & Gage, T. (2021). Twitter as a tool for social movement: An analysis of feminist activism on social media communities. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(3), 854-868. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22324
- Lim, M. (2013). Framing Bouazizi: ‘White lies’, hybrid network, and collective/connective action in the 2010–11 Tunisian uprising. Journalism, 14(7), 921-941. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913478359
- Loken, M. (2014). #BringBackOurGirls and the invisibility of imperialism. Feminist Media Studies, 14(6), 1100–1101. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2014.975442
- McCurdy, P. (2012). Social movements, protest and mainstream media. Sociology Compass, 6(3), 244-255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2011.00448.x
- Mishra, R. (2018). Social media and hashtag activism: A case study of #Metoo campaign. Advance and Innovative Research, 5(3), 51-54.
- Morozov, E. (2009, 19 Mayıs). From slacktivism to activism. Foreign Policy http://foreignpolicy.com/2009/09/05/from-slacktivism-to-activism/
- Niñerola, A., Sánchez-Rebull, M. V. & Hernández-Lara, A. B. (2019). Tourism research on sustainability: A bibliometric analysis. Sustainability, 11(5), 1377. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051377
- Noor, S., Guo, Y., Shah, S. H., Nawaz, M. S. & Butt, A. S. (2020). Bibliometric analysis of social media as a platform for knowledge management. International Journal of Knowledge Management, 16(3), 33-51. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJKM.2020070103
- Ofori-Parku, S. & Moscato, D. (2018). Hashtag activism as a form of political action: A qualitative analysis of the #BringBackOurGirls campaign in Nigerian, UK, and US press. International Journal of Communication, 12, 2480-2502.
- Özşenler, D. (2021). Digital activism: An analysis of #challengeaccepted hashtag activism developed for violence against women. World Women Studies Journal, 6(1), 35-62. https://doi.org/10.46291/wwsj.v6i1.34
- Polletta, F. & Jasper, J. M. (2001). Collective identity and social movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 283-305. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.283
- Rana, I. A. (2020). Disaster and climate change resilience: A bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50, 101839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101839
- Rentschler, C. A. (2017). Bystander intervention, feminist hashtag activism, and the anti-carceral politics of care. Feminist Media Studies, 17(4), 565-584. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2017.1326556
- Reynolds, R. & Mayweather, D. (2017). Recounting racism, resistance, and repression: Examining the experiences and #hashtag activism of college students with critical race theory and counternarratives. The Journal of Negro Education, 86(3), 283-304. https://doi.org/10.7709/jnegroeducation.86.3.0283
- Sinpeng, A. (2021). Hashtag activism: social media and the #FreeYouth protests in Thailand. Critical Asian Studies, 53(2), 192-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2021.1882866
- Smith, J., McCarthy, J. D., McPhail, C. & Augustyn, B. (2001). From protest to agenda building: Description bias in media coverage of protest events in Washington, DC. Social Forces, 79(4), 1397-1423. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2001.0053
- Snow, D. A. & Benford, R. D. (1988). Ideology, frame resonance, and participant mobilization. International Social Movement Research, 1(1), 197-217.
- Soegoto, H., Soegoto, E. S., Luckyardi, S. & Rafdhi, A. A. (2022). Bibliometric analysis of management bioenergy research using VOSviewer application. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 7(1), 89-104. http://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v7i1.43328
- Stache, L. C. (2015). Advocacy and political potential at the convergence of hashtag activism and commerce. Feminist Media Studies, 15(1), 162-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2015.987429
- Stornaiuolo, A. & Thomas, E. E. (2017). Disrupting educational inequalities through youth digital activism. Review of Research in Education, 41(1), 337-357. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X16687973
- Subaşı, H. (2022). Dijital aktivizme yönelik literatür incelemesi. Anasay, (19), 155-157. https://doi.org/10.33404/anasay.1072569
- Tarrow S. (2011). Power in movement. Cambridge University Press.
- Taylor, V. & Whittier, N. E. (1992). Collective identity in social movement communities: Lesbian feminist mobilization,” In: A. D. Morris & C. M. Mueller (eds). Frontiers in social movement theory (pp. 104-129). Yale University Press.
- Theocharis, Y. & Van Deth, J. W. (2018). The continuous expansion of citizen participation: A new taxonomy. European Political Science Review, 10(1), 139-163. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S1755773916000230
- Tüfekçi, Z. (2017). Twitter and tear gas: The power and fragility of networked protest. Yale University Press.
- Valenzuela, S. (2013). Unpacking the use of social media for protest behavior: The roles of information, opinion expression, and activism. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(7), 920–942. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213479375
- Van Eck, N. J. & Waltman, L. (2017). Citation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer. Scientometrics, 111, 1053-1070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2300-7
- Vegh, S. (2003). Classifying forms of online activism: The case of cyberprotests against the World Bank. In M. McCaughey & M. D. Ayers (eds.) Cyberactivism: Online activism in theory and practice (pp. 71-96). Routledge.
- Vie, S. (2014). In defense of “slacktivism”: The human rights campaign Facebook logo as digital activism. First Monday, 19(4), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v19i4.4961
- Wang, R., Liu W. & Gao, S, (2016). Hashtags and information virality in networked social movement: Examining hashtag co-occurrence patterns. Online Information Review, 40(7), 850–866. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-12-2015-0378
- Wasik, B. (2009). And then there’s this: How stories live and die in viral culture. Penguin.
- Wonneberger, A., Hellsten, I. R. & Jacobs, S. H. (2021). Hashtag activism and the configuration of counterpublics: Dutch animal welfare debates on Twitter. Information, Communication & Society, 24(12), 1694-1711. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1720770
- Xie, C., Liu, P. & Cheng, Y. (2023). Praxis, hashtag activism, and social justice: A content analysis of #StopAsianHate narratives. Asian Journal of Communication, 33(2), 121-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2023.2180529
- Xiong, Y., Cho, M. & Boatwright, B. (2019). Hashtag activism and message frames among social movement organizations: Semantic network analysis and thematic analysis of Twitter during the #MeToo movement. Public Relations Review, 45(1), 10-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.10.014
- Yang, G. (2016). Narrative agency in hashtag activism: The case of #BlackLivesMatter. Media and Communication, 4(4), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i4.692
- Yang, W., Zhang, J. & Ma, R. (2020). The prediction of infectious diseases: A bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6218. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176218
- Zulli, D. (2020). Evaluating hashtag activism: Examining the theoretical challenges and opportunities of #BlackLivesMatter. Participations, 17(1), 197-215.
| APA | ILI B, Büyükbaykal G (2023). HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ. , 900 - 915. 10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
| Chicago | ILI BURAK,Büyükbaykal Güven Necati HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ. (2023): 900 - 915. 10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
| MLA | ILI BURAK,Büyükbaykal Güven Necati HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ. , 2023, ss.900 - 915. 10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
| AMA | ILI B,Büyükbaykal G HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ. . 2023; 900 - 915. 10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
| Vancouver | ILI B,Büyükbaykal G HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ. . 2023; 900 - 915. 10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
| IEEE | ILI B,Büyükbaykal G "HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ." , ss.900 - 915, 2023. 10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
| ISNAD | ILI, BURAK - Büyükbaykal, Güven Necati. "HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ". (2023), 900-915. https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
| APA | ILI B, Büyükbaykal G (2023). HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, 13(4), 900 - 915. 10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
| Chicago | ILI BURAK,Büyükbaykal Güven Necati HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication 13, no.4 (2023): 900 - 915. 10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
| MLA | ILI BURAK,Büyükbaykal Güven Necati HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, vol.13, no.4, 2023, ss.900 - 915. 10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
| AMA | ILI B,Büyükbaykal G HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication. 2023; 13(4): 900 - 915. 10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
| Vancouver | ILI B,Büyükbaykal G HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication. 2023; 13(4): 900 - 915. 10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
| IEEE | ILI B,Büyükbaykal G "HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ." The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, 13, ss.900 - 915, 2023. 10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
| ISNAD | ILI, BURAK - Büyükbaykal, Güven Necati. "HASHTAG AKTİVİZMİ ARAŞTIRMALARININ BIBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ". The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication 13/4 (2023), 900-915. https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1321440 |
