After World War I, in an environment where international relations and balances were reorganized, the struggle for the transition from an empire to a nation-state and the establishment of a new order was being waged in Anatolia. Although the status of the nation had not been declared as the Republic, it was known that the source of sovereignty had changed and become “the people”. On October 29, 1923, the new order was officially named: Republic. One of the first policies of the young state, tired of wars and losing its people, was to establish regulations that would allow the exercise of the right to health. Regarding health policies and public communication, two main purposes were to provide public health services and to develop health consciousness. The study aims to examine the developments between 1920 and1950, when the first and permanent steps were taken in the formulation and institutionalization of health policies in Turkey. The article, which is a descriptive study, has benefited from national and international legislation on the subject, as well as research on the economic, political and social structure of the examined period, main policy documents, primary sources and memoirs of those who lived through the period. The Ministry of Health has invested in and developed policies in every field, based on the necessity to provide health services with protective, curative and rehabilitative qualities by adopting a holistic approach.