Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers
Yıl: 2013 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2013 Sayfa Aralığı: 847 - 859 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022
Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers
Öz: Bu çalışma, Doğu Karadenize dökülen, akarsulardan ortalama debileri yaklaşık 10 m3/sn ve üzerinde olan Kızılırmak,Yeşilırmak, Melet, Pazarsuyu, Aksu, Harşit, Değirmendere, Solaklı, İyidere, Büyükdere, Fırtına, Çağlayan ve Kapistrederesinin fizikokimyasal karakteristikleri ve besin elementi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla aylık periyotlarlagerçekleştirilmiştir. Parametrelere ait yıllık ortalama değerler incelendiğinde en yüksek EC, o -PO 4, NH 4, NO2, SO4 v e sertlikdeğerleri sırasıyla 1,16 ±0.29 mS/cm, 0,81±0.66 µM, 11,6±10,4 µM, 2,83±3.1 µM, 333±74 mg/L ve 407±47 mg CaCO3olarak Kızılırmak nehrinde, en yüksek Turbidite, toplam askıda katı madde ve permanganat indeksi değerlerinin 191±99 FTU,232±137 mg/L ve 4,12±2,14 mg O/L olarak Değirmendere deresinde , en yüksek silikat (Si) değerlerinin 305±47 µM olarakMelet ırmağında, en yüksek nitrat derişimlerinin 124±79 µM olarak İyidere deresinde ve en yü ksek klorofil-a değerleri ise1,98±1,70 µg/L olarak Yeşilırmak nehrinde belirlenmiştir. Sınıflandırma analizleri sonucunda, sülfat, sertlik ve elektrikseliletkenlik yönünden Kızılırmak nehrinin diğer akarsulardan farklı bir sınıfta yer aldığı, pH yönüyle ise bölgenin doğusundakiakarsuların batıdakilere gore daha asidik özellik taşıdığı belirlenmiştir Çalışmada elde edilen veriler Su Kalite kriterlerine göredeğerlendirilmiş ve parametrelere göre akarsulardaki su kalite sınıfları belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers
Öz: This study was conducted to determine physico -chemical characteristics and nutrient levels on a monthly basis of therivers of the Eastern Black Sea reg ion with an average flow rate of about 10 m 3/sec and above, including Kızılırmak,Yeşilırmak, Melet, Pazarsuyu, Aksu, Harşit, Değirmendere, Solaklı, İyidere, Büyükdere, Fırtına, Çağlayan and Kapistre.The highest annual average values for electrical conductivity (EC), reactive phosphate (o -PO4), ammonium (NH 4),nitrite (NO 2), sulphate (SO4) and hardness were determined as 1.16 ±0.29 mS/cm, 0.81±0.66 µM, 11.6±10.4 µM, 2.83±3.1µM, 333±74 mg/L ve 407±47 mg CaCO 3, respectively, in Kızılırmak (Samsun); the highest turbidity, total suspended solids(TSS) and organic matter (as permanganate index) as 191±99 FTU, 232±137 mg/L and 4.12±2.14 mg O/L respectively inDeğirmendere (Trabzon); the highest silicate concentration in Melet (Ordu) as 305±47 µM; the highest nitrate concentrationin İyidere (Rize) as 124 ±79 µM; and the highest chlorophyll-a levels in Yeşilırmak (Samsun) as 1.98±1.70 µg/L. As a resultof cluster analyses, it was established that Kızılırmak river is in a group different from that of other rivers in terms of s ulfate,hardness and electrical conductivity and the rivers situated in eastern part of the region is more acidic than those in the west interms of pH. Data obtained from the study were evaluated according to Water Quality criteria and water quality classes of therivers were identified by parameters.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Akbal, F., Gürel, L., Bahadır, T., Güler, İ., Bakan , G., Büyükgüngör, H . 2010 . Multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of surface water quality at the mid -black sea coast of turkey. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 216: 21 -37.
- Aksungur, M., Alkan , A., Zengin , B. , Tabak, İ., and Yılmaz, C. 2007 . Karadeniz alabalığının tatlısu ortamındaki göçü üzerine bazı çevresel parametrelerin etkisi. Ekoloji, 65: 28 -35 .
- APHA , A ., WEF. 2011 . Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. In: E.W., Rice, A. D ., Eaton, R. B., Baird, L. S ., Clesceri (Eds) Standard Methods for the Ex amination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., New York.
- Bakan , G., Boke Ozkoc , H ., Tulek, S ., Cuce , H . 2010. Integrated environmental quality assessment of kızılırmak river and its coastal environment. Turkish Jou rnal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 10:453 -462
- Bat, L., Gökkurt, O ., Sezgin , M., Üstün , F., Sahin , F. 2009 Evaluation of the black sea land based sources of pollution the coastal region of turkey. The Open Marine Biology Journal, 3:112 -124 .
- Boran , M., S ivri, N . 2001. Trabzon (Türkiye) İl sınırları İçerisinde bulunan solaklı ve sürmene derelerinde nütrient ve askıda katı madde yüklerinin belirlenmesi. EU Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 18:343 -348 .
- Chapman , D . 1996. Water quality assessments - a guide to use of biota, s ediments and water in environmental monitoring, E and FN Spon, Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge.
- Egge, J., Aksnes, D . 1992. Silicate as regulating nutrient in phytoplankton competition. Marine ecology progress series , 81: 281 -289.
- Gedik, K., Verep , B., Terzi, E., Fevzioglu , S . 2010. Fırtına deresi (Rize`nin ) fiziko -kimyasal açıdan su kalitesinin belirlenmesi. Ekoloji, 19: 25 -35 .
- Gültekin , F., Ersoy , A., Hatipoğlu , E., Celep , S . 2012. Trabzon İli akarsularının yağışlı dönem su kalitesi parametrelerinin belirlenmesi. Ekoloji, 21: 77 -88 .
- Hadjikakou , M., Whitehead , P.G., Jin , L., Futter, M., Hadjinicolaou , P., Shahgedanova, M. 2011 Modelling nitrogen in the Y esilirmak river catchment in northern Turkey: Impacts of future climate and environmental change and implications for nutrient manag ement. The Science of the Total Environment, 409: 2404 - 2418 .
- Karaçam, H ., Alemdağ , N ., Boran , M. 1994. Fırtına deresi'nin fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 11: 63 -69 .
- Kumar, R.N ., Solanki, R. , J.I.N.. K . 2011 An assessment of seasonal variation and water. EJEAFChe, 10(8) : 2771 -2782 .
- Ludwig , W., Dumont, E., Meybeck, M., Heussner, S . 2009. River discharges of water and nutrients to the mediterranean and black sea: Major drivers for ecosystem changes during past and future decades? Prog Oceanogr, 80: 199 -217 .
- Luo , G ., Bu , F., Xu , X ., Cao , J ., Shu , W. 2011. Seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic nutrients transported to the linjiang bay of the three gorges reservoir, china. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 173: 55 - 64 .
- Oguz, T., Velikova, V ., Cociasu , A ., Korshenko , A . 2008 Sta te of environment report 2000 2006/7, Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution, Istanbul.
- Paasche , E. 1975. Growth of the plankton diatom thalassiosira nordenskioeldii cleve at low silicate concentrations. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , 18: 173 -183 .
- Sanchez-Montoya Mdel, M., Arce, M.I., Vidal-Abarca , M. R., Suarez, M. L., Prat, N ., Gomez , R. 2012 Establishing physico -chemical reference conditions in mediterranean streams according to the European water framework d irective. Water Research , 46: 2257 - 2269 .
- Verep , B., Serdar, O ., Turan , D ., Şahin , C. 2005. İyidere (Trabzon'n u n ) fiziko -kimyasal açıdan su kalitesinin belirlenmesi. Ekoloji, 15: 7 -16 .
- Wang, W., L, ER. 1969. Variation of silica and diatoms in a stream. ASLO, 14: 941 -944 .
APA | ALKAN A, SERDAR S, FİDAN D, AKBA U, ZENGİN B, KILIÇ M (2013). Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers. , 847 - 859. |
Chicago | ALKAN ALI,SERDAR Serkan,FİDAN Dilek,AKBA Ufuk,ZENGİN Bayram,KILIÇ Muhammed Baran Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers. (2013): 847 - 859. |
MLA | ALKAN ALI,SERDAR Serkan,FİDAN Dilek,AKBA Ufuk,ZENGİN Bayram,KILIÇ Muhammed Baran Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers. , 2013, ss.847 - 859. |
AMA | ALKAN A,SERDAR S,FİDAN D,AKBA U,ZENGİN B,KILIÇ M Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers. . 2013; 847 - 859. |
Vancouver | ALKAN A,SERDAR S,FİDAN D,AKBA U,ZENGİN B,KILIÇ M Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers. . 2013; 847 - 859. |
IEEE | ALKAN A,SERDAR S,FİDAN D,AKBA U,ZENGİN B,KILIÇ M "Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers." , ss.847 - 859, 2013. |
ISNAD | ALKAN, ALI vd. "Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers". (2013), 847-859. |
APA | ALKAN A, SERDAR S, FİDAN D, AKBA U, ZENGİN B, KILIÇ M (2013). Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13(2013), 847 - 859. |
Chicago | ALKAN ALI,SERDAR Serkan,FİDAN Dilek,AKBA Ufuk,ZENGİN Bayram,KILIÇ Muhammed Baran Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 13, no.2013 (2013): 847 - 859. |
MLA | ALKAN ALI,SERDAR Serkan,FİDAN Dilek,AKBA Ufuk,ZENGİN Bayram,KILIÇ Muhammed Baran Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.13, no.2013, 2013, ss.847 - 859. |
AMA | ALKAN A,SERDAR S,FİDAN D,AKBA U,ZENGİN B,KILIÇ M Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2013; 13(2013): 847 - 859. |
Vancouver | ALKAN A,SERDAR S,FİDAN D,AKBA U,ZENGİN B,KILIÇ M Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2013; 13(2013): 847 - 859. |
IEEE | ALKAN A,SERDAR S,FİDAN D,AKBA U,ZENGİN B,KILIÇ M "Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers." Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13, ss.847 - 859, 2013. |
ISNAD | ALKAN, ALI vd. "Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels of the Eastern Black Sea rivers". Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 13/2013 (2013), 847-859. |