Social and cultural factors have often been neglected when examining the issues about health and illnesses. The sociomedicogenic approach has developed on this deficiency to provide a perspective that combines social and political-economic factors as well as biological knowledge in the understanding of health and diseases. In this study, hospital infections, which is an important health problem in today's world, were examined by sociomedicogenic approach. In accordance with this approach, an analysis was initiated that began with the cultural habits and behaviour of patients and hospital attendants, and extended to national and global political-economic factors. The study is based on in-depth interviews, questionnaire and participating observations with 34 patients and 31 hospital attendants in the general surgery services of two hospitals in Istanbul. Observations and information received from questionnaires reveal that hospitals' use of space and their physical facilities should be reconsidered as user-focused. Careful attention should be paid to hospital attendants who have not yet been examined in detail on the spread and prevention of hospital-acquired infections. It has been found that both patients and hospital attendants insist on the use of solid soap with traditional habits instead of liquid soap, where they are resistant to training in hand washing and hygiene. Medical errors also play an important role in the spread of hospital-acquired infections. According to neoliberal policies, the commercialization of health services is the main factor in the increase of such mistakes.