Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları
Yıl: 2016 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 241 - 258 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022
Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları
Öz: Çiğneme sistemi rahatsızlıkları içerisinde değerlendirilen bruksizm, psikofizyolojik kökenli parafonksiyonel bir davranış biçimidir. Yapılan epidemiyolojik çalışmalarda bruksizmin prevalansının oldukça büyük değişiklikler gösterdiği bildirilmiştir. Etiyolojik faktörler arasında; stres, beslenme yetersizliği, alerjik ve endokrin hastalıklar, santral sinir sistemi bozuklukları, genetik faktörler, ilaç kullanımı, maloklüzyon, yanlış dental tedavi uygulanması sayılabilir. Bruksizmin tedavisinde amaç dişlerde ve çene ekleminde oluşabilecek kalıcı zararları önlemek ve ağrıyı ortadan kaldırmaktır. Bu amaç ile uygulanan tedaviler arasında dental tedaviler, fızik tedavi uygulamaları, farmakolojik tedavi ve davranışsal tedavi metotları bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme, bruksizmdeki etiyolojik faktörlerin, epidemiyoloji, teşhis ve olası güncel tedavi seçeneklerini özetlemektedir.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Archives Medical Review Journal
Öz: Among the mastication system disorders bruxism is parafunctional behavior that comes from psychophysiological origin. Epidemiologic studies have reported great variability of bruxism prevalence. The factors that could cause bruxism is highly controversial. There are different opinions on this issue. The etiologic factors of bruxism include stress, malnutrition, allergic and endocrinologic diseases, central nervous system disorders, genetic factors, medicines, malocclusion, and wrong dental treatment. The aim of treatment of bruxism is to prevent damage that may occur on teeth and in the temporomandibularjoint and to eliminate pain. Dental treatment, physical therapy, pharmacological treatment and behavioral and cognitive therapy can be considered for this purpose of treatment. This review summarizes the etiologic factors, epidemiology, diagnosis, and current treatment approaches of patient with bruxism.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Kataoka K, Ekuni D, Mizutani S, Tomofuji T, Azuma T, Yamane M et al. Association between selfreported bruxism and malocclusion in university students: a crosssectional study. J Epidemiol. 2015;25:42330.
- 2. Reddy SV, Kumar MP, Sravanthi D, Mohsin AH, Anuhya V. Bruxism: a literature review. J Int Oral Health.2014;6:1059.
- 3. Akamatsu Y, Minagi S, Sato T. A new method for recording mandibular position during nocturnal bruxism. J Oral Rehabil.1996;23:6226.
- 4. Klasser GD, Rei N, Lavigne GJ. Sleep bruxism etiology: the evolution of a changing paradigm. J Can Dent Assoc. 2015;81:2.
- 5. Westchester IL. Diagnostic Classification Steering Committee. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic and Coding Manual. 1st ed. Chicago, Illinois, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 1990.
- 6. Westchester IL. Sleep related bruxism. In International Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnosis and Coding Manual. 2nd ed. Chicago, Illinois, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2005.
- 7. Darien IL. Sleep related bruxism. In International Classification of Sleep Disorders. 3rd ed. Chicago, Illinois, American Academy of Sleep Medicine,2014.
- 8. Lavigne GJ, Manzini C, Kato T. Sleep bruxism. In Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine (Eds MH Kryger, T Roth, WC Dement):94659.Philadelphia,Elsevier, 2005.
- 9. Saito M, Yamaguchi T, Mikami S, Watanabe K, Gotouda A, Okada K et al. Temporal association between sleep apneahypopnea and sleep bruxism events. J Sleep Res. 2014;23:196203. 10. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Glaros AG, Kato T, Koyano K, Lavigne GJ et al. Bruxism defined and graded: an international consensus. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40:24.
- 11. Murali RV, Rangarajan P, Mounissamy A. Bruxism: conceptual discussion and review. J Pharm Bioallied Sci.2015;7:26570.
- 12. Pergamalian A, Rudy TE, Zaki HS, Greco CM. The association between wear facets, bruxism and severity of facial pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Prosthet Dent. 2003;90:194200.
- 13. Manfredini D, Winocur E, GuardaNardini L, Paesani D, Lobbezoo F. Epidemiology of bruxism in adults: a systematic review of the literature. J Orofac Pain. 2013;27:99100.
- 14. Menapace SE, Rinchuse DJ, Zulb T, Pierce CJ, Shnorhokian H. The dentofacial morphology of bruxers versus nonbruxers. Angle Orthod. 1994;64:4352.
- 15. Abe S, Yamaguchi T, Rompre PH, De Grandmont P, Chen YJ, Lavigne GJ. Tooth wear in young subjects: a discriminator between sleep bruxers and controls? Int J Prosthodont.2009;22:34250.
- 16. Waltimo A, Nyström M, Könönen M. Bite force and dentofacial morphology in men with severe dental attrition. Scand J Dent Res. 1994;102:926.
- 17. Dylina TJ. A commonsense approach to splint therapy. J Prosthet Dent. 2001;86:53945.
- 18. Wali GM. Asymmetrical awalce bruxism associated with multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord. 2004;19:3315.
- 19. Lobbezoo F, Aarab G, van der Zaag J. Definicitions, epidemiology, and etiology of sleep bruxism. In: Sleep Medicine for Dentists: A Practical Overview. (Eds GJ Lavigne, P Cistulli, M Smith.):95 100.Chicago, Quintessence, 2009.
- 20. Seligman DA, Pullinger AG, Solberg WK. The prevalence of dental attrition and its association with factors of age, gender, occlusion, and TMJ symptomatology. J Dent Res. 1988;67:132333.
- 21. Machado E, DalFabbro C, Cunali PA, Kaizer OB. Prevalance of sleep bruxism in children: a systematic review. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014;19:5461.
- 22. Lavigne GJ, Montplaisir JY. Restless legs syndrome and sleep bruxism: prevalence and associations among Canadians. Sleep. 1994;17:73943.
- 23. Van Selms MK, Visscher CM, Naeije M, Lobbezoo F. Bruxism and associated factors among Dutch adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013;41:35363.
- 24. Strausz T, Ahlberg J, Lobbezoo F, Restrepo CC, Hublin C, Ahlberg K et al. Selfreported bruxism from addescence to young adulthood: a nineyear followup. J Oral Rehabil.2010;37:497500.
- 25. Dharmadhikari S, Romito LM, Dzemidzic M, Dydak U, Xu J, Bodkin CL et al. GABA and glutamate levels in occlusal splintwearing males with possible bruxism. Arch Oral Biol. 2015;60:10219.
- 26. Fonseca CM, Santos MB, Consani RL, Santos JF, Marchini L. Incidence of sleep bruxism among children in Itanhandu, Brazil. Sleep Breath. 2011;15:21520.
- 27. Serra Negra JM, Paiva SM, Seabra AP, Dorella C, Lemos BF, Pordeus IA. Prevalance of sleep bruxism in a group of Brazilian school children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2010;11:1925.
- 28. Lobbezoo F, Naeije M. Bruxism is mainly regulated centrally, not peripherally. J Oral Rehabil. 2001;28:108591.
- 29. Lobbezoo F, Van Der Zaag J, Naeije M. Bruxism: its multiple causes and its effects on dental implants an updated review. J Oral Rehabil. 2006;33:293300.
- 30. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Manfredini D, Winocur E. Are bruxism and the bite causally related? J Oral Rehabil. 2012;39:489501.
- 31. Pierce CJ, Chisman K, Bennett ME, Close JM. Stress, anticipatory stress, and psychologic measures related to sleep bruxism. J Orofac Pain. 1995;9:516.
- 32. Manfredini D, Lobbezoo F. Role of psychosocial factors in the etiology of bruxism. J Orofac Pain. 2009;23:15366.
- 33. Lobbezoo F, Soucy JP, Montplaisir JY, Lavigne GJ. Striatal D2 receptor binding in sleep bruxism: a controlled study with iodine123iodobenzamide and singlephotonemission computed tomography. J Dent Res. 1996;75:180410.
- 34. Hublin C, Kaprio J, Partinen M, Koskenvuo M. Sleep bruxism based on selfreport in a nationwide twin cohort. J Sleep Res. 1998;7:617.
- 35. Lavigne GL, Lobbezoo F, Rompre PH, Nielsen TA, Montplaisir J. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for restless legs syndrome and sleep bruxism. Sleep. 1997;20:2903.
- 36. Johansson A, Omar R, Carlsson GE. Bruxism and prosthetic treatment: a critical review. J Prosthodont Res. 2011;55:12736.
- 37. Ekuni D, Furuta M, Irie K, Azuma T, Tomofuji T, Murakami T et al. Relationship between impacts attributed to malocclusion and psychological stress in young Japanese adults. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:55863.
- 38. Vig KW, Fields HW. Facial growth and management of orthodontic problems. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2000; 47:1085123.
- 39. Mack KB, Phillips C, Jain N, Koroluk LD. Relationship between body mass index percentile and skeletal maturation and dental development in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143:22834.
- 40. Armond MC, Generoso R, Falci SG, RamosJorge ML, Marques LS. Skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae: association with various types of malocclusion. Braz Oral Res. 2012; 26:14550.
- 41. Ramfjord SP. Bruxism, a clinical and electromyographic study. J Am Dent Assoc. 1961;62: 2144 . 42. Ash MM, Ramfjord SP. Occlusion,4th ed. Philadelphia,WB Saunders, 1995.
- 43. Guichet NF. Occlusion: A Teaching Manual. 2nd ed. Anaheim, California, The Denar Corporation, 1977.
- 44. Lavigne GJ, Khoury S, Abe S, Yamaguchi T, Raphael K. Bruxism physiology and pathology: an overview for clinicians. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:47694.
- 45. Rugh JD, Barghi N, Drago CJ. Experimental occlusal discrepancies and nocturnal bruxism. J Prosthet Dent. 1984;51:54853.
- 46. Clark GT, Tsukiyama Y, Baba K, Watanabe T. Sixtyeight years of experimental occlusal interference studies: what have we learned?J Prosthet Dent. 1999;82:70413.
- 47. Seligman DA, Pullinger AG, Solberg WK. The prevalence of dental attrition and its association with factors of age, gender, occlusion, and TMJ symptomatology. J Dent Res. 1988;67:132333.
- 48. KatoT, Thie NM, Huynh N, Miyawaki S, Lavigne GJ. Topical review. Sleep bruxism and the role of peripheral sensory influences. J Orofac Pain. 2003;17:191213.
- 49. Lobbezoo F, Rompre PH, Soucy JP, Iafrancesco C, Turkewicz J, Montplaisir JY et al. Lack of associations between occlusal and cephalometric measures, side imbalance in striatal D2 binding receptor binding and sleeprelated oromotor activities. J Orofac Pain.2001;15:6471.
- 50. Rugh JD, Barghi N, Drago CJ. Experimental occlusal discrepancies and nocturnal bruxism. J Prosthet Dent. 1984;51:54853.
- 51. Macaluso GM, Guerra P, Giovanni G Di, Boselli M, Parrino L, Terzano MG. Sleep bruxism is a disorder related to periodic arousals during sleep. J Dent Res. 1998;77:56573.
- 52. Das S, Gupta R, Dhyani M, Goel D. Headache secondary to sleeprelated bruxism: A case with polysomnographic findings. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2015;6:24851.
- 53. Kompe T, Edman G, Bader G, Tagdae T, Karlson S. Personality traits in a group of subjects with longstanding bruxing behaviour. J Oral Rehabil. 1997;24:58893.
- 54. Manfredini D, Lobbezoo F. Role of psychological factors in the etiology of bruxism. J Orofac Pain. 2009;23:15366.
- 55. Moss RA, Adams HE. The assessment of personality, anxiety and depression in mandibular pain dysfunction subjects. J Oral Rehabil. 1984;11:2335.
- 56. Kristal L. Bruxism: An Anxiety Response to Environmental Stress. Washington, Hemisphere,1979.
- 57. Van Selms MK, Lobbezoo F, Wicks DJ, Hamburger HL, Naeije M. Craniomandibular pain, oral parafunctions and pyschological stres in a longitudinal case study. J Oral Rehabil. 2004;31:738 45.
- 58. Pierce CJ, Chrisman K, Bennett ME, Close JM. Stress, anticipatory stress, and psychologic measures related to sleep bruxism. J Orofac Pain.1995;9:516.
- 59. Rosales VP, Ikeda K, Hizaki K, Nauro T, Nazoe S, Ito G. Emotional stress and bruxlike activity of the masseter muscle in rats. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:10717.
- 60. Lavigne GJ, Rompre PH, Poirier G, Huard H, Kato T, Montplaisir JY. Rhytmic masticatory muscle activity during sleeping humans. J Dent Res. 2001;80:4438.
- 61. Vanderas AP, Menenakou M, Kouimptzis T, Papagiannoulis L. Urinary catecholamine levels and bruxism in children. J Oral Rehabil. 1999;26:10310.
- 62. Oliveira MT, Bittencourt ST, Marcon K, Destro S, Pereira JR. Sleep bruxism and anxiety level in children. Braz Oral Res. 2015;29:15.
- 63. SerraNegra JM, Scarpelli AC, TirsaCosta D, Guimaraes FH, Pordeus IA, Paiva SM. Sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and sleep quality among Brazilian dental students: a crosssectional study. Braz Dent J. 2014;25:2417.
- 64. Lobbezoo F, Soucy JP, Hartman NG, Montplaisir JY, Lavigne GJ. Effect of the D2 receptor agonist bromocriptine on sleep bruxism: report of two singlepatient clinical trials. J Dent Res. 1997;76:16104.
- 65. Michalowicz BS, Pihlstrom BL, Hodges JS, Bouchard TJ. NO heritability of temporomandibular joint signs andsymptoms. J Dent Res.2000;79:15738.
- 66. Winocur E, Gavish A, Voikovitch M, EmodiPerlman A, Eli I. Drugs and bruxism: a critical review. J Orofac Pain. 2003;17:99111.
- 67. Huynh N, Kato T, RomprePH, Okura K, Saber M, Lanfranchi PA, et al. Sleep bruxism is associated to microarousals and an increase in cardiac sympathetic activity. J Sleep Res. 2006;15:33946.
- 68. Huynh N, Lavigne GJ, Tanguay R, Montplaisir JY, de Champlain J. The effect of 2 sympatholytic medicationspropranolol and clonidine on sleep bruxism: experimental randomized controlled studies. Sleep. 2006;29:30716.
- 69. Weijenberg RA, Lobbezoo F. Chew the pain away: oral habits to cope with pain and stress and to stimulate cognition. Biomed Res Int. 2015, 2015:149431..
- 70. Winocur E, Gavish A, Finkelshtein T, Halachmi M, Gazit E. Oral habits among adolescent girls and their association with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil. 2001;28:6249.
- 71. Glaros AG, Rao SM. Bruxism: a critical review. Psychol Bull. 1977;84: 76781.
- 72. Huynh N, Manzini C, Rompre PH, Lavigne GJ. Weighing the potential effectiveness of various treatments for sleep bruxism. J Can Dent Assoc. 2007;73:72730.
- 73. Afrashtehfar KI, Afrashtehfar CD, Huynh N. Managing a patient with sleep bruxism. J Can Dent Assoc. 2014; 80:e48.
- 74. Aloe F. Sleep bruxism treatment. Sleep Science.2009;2:4954.
- 75. Harada T, Ichiki R, Tsukiyama Y, Koyano K. The effect of oral splint devices on sleep bruxism: a 6 week observation with an ambulatory electromyographic recording device. J Oral Rehabil. 2006;33:4828.
- 76. Hobo S. Occlusion in temporomandibular disorders: treatment after occlusal splint therapy. Int Dent J. 1996;46: 14655.
- 77. Raphael KG, Marbach JJ, Klausner JJ, Teaford MF, Fischoff DK. Is bruxism severity a predictor of oral splint efficacy in patients with myofacial face pain? J Oral Rehabil. 2003;30:1729.
- 78. Lobbbezoo F, Zaag J, Selms MKA, Hamburger HL. Principles for the management of bruxism. J Oral Rehabil.2008;35:50923.
- 79. Somer E. Hypnotherapy in the treatment of the chronic nocturnal use of a dental splint prescribed for bruxism. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 1991;39:14554.
- 80. AlvarezArenal A, Junquera LM, Fernandez JP, Gonzales I, Olay S. Effect of occlusal splint and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in patients with bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. 2002;29: 85863.
- 81. Foyed MM, ElMangoury NH, ElBokle DN, Belal AI. Occlusal splint therapy and magnetic resonance imaging. World J Orthod. 2004;5:13340.
- 82. Tsukiyama Y, Baba K, Clark GT. An evidencebased assessment of occlusal adjustment as a treatment for temporomandibular disorders. J Prosthet Dent. 2001;86:5766.
- 83. Wassell RW, Adams N, Kelly PJ: The treatment of temporomandibular disorders with stabilizing splints in general dental practice: oneyear followup. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137:108998.
- 84. Babadağ M, ahin M, Görgün S. Pre and posttreatment analysis of clinical symptoms of patients with temporomandibular disorders. Quintessence Int. 2004;35:8114.
- 85. Okeson JP. The effects of hard and soft occlusal splints on nocturnal bruxism. J Am Dent Assoc. 1987;114:78891.
- 86. Yap AUJ. Effects of stabilization on nocturnal parafunctional activities in patients with and without signs of temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil. 1998;25:648.
- 87. Gu W, Yang J, Zhang F, Yin X, Wei X, Wang C. Efficacy of biofeedback therapy via a mini wireless device on sleep bruxism contrasted with occlusal splint: a pilot study. J Biomed Res. 2015;29:160 8.
- 88. Nayyar P, Kumar P, Nayyar PV, Singh A. BOTOX: Broadening the Horizon of Dentistry. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014; 8:259.
- 89. Saletu A, Parapatics S, Anderer P, Matejka M, Saletu B. Controlled clinical, polysomnographic and psychometric studies on differences between sleep bruxers and controls and acute effects of clonazepam as compared with placebo. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2010;260:16374.
- 90. Persaud R, Garas G, Silva S, Stamatoglou C, Chatrath P, Patel K. An evidencebased review of botulinum toxin (Botox) applications in noncosmetic head and neck conditions. JRSM Short Rep. 2013; 4:10.doi: 10.1177/2042533312472115.
- 91. Lang A. History and uses of BOTOX (botulinum toxin type A). Lippincotts Case Manag. 2004;9:10912.
- 92. Chikhani L, Dichamp J. Bruxism, temporomandibular dysfunction and botulinum toxin. Ann Readapt Med Phys. 2003; 46:3337.
- 93. Pidcock FS, Wise JM, Christensen JR. Treatment of severe posttraumatic bruxism with botulinum toxinA: case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002;60:1157.
- 94. Long H, Liao Z, Wang Y, Liao L, Lai W. Efficacy of botulinum toxins on bruxism: an evidencebased review. Int Dent J. 2012;62:15.
- 95. Van Zandijcke M, Marchau MM. Treatment of bruxism with botulinum toxin injections. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990;53:530.
- 96. Ivanhoe CB, Lai JM, Francisco GE. Bruxism after brain injury: successful treatment with botulinum toxinA. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78:12723.
- 97. GuardaNardini L, Manfredini D, Salamone M, Salmaso L, Tonello S, Ferronato G. Efficacy of botulinum toxin in treating myofascial pain in bruxers: a controlled placebo pilot study. Cranio. 2008;26:12635.
- 98. Shim YJ, Lee MK, Kato T, Park HU, Heo K, Kim ST. Effects of botulinum toxin on jaw motor events during sleep in sleep bruxism patients: a polysomnographic evaluation. J Clin Sleep Med. 2014;10:2918.
- 99. Shulman J. Teaching patients how to stop bruxing habits. J Am Dent Assoc. 2001;132:127577.
- 100. Ommerborn MA, Schneider C, Giraki M, Schafer R, Handschel J, Franz M et al. Effects of an occlusal splint compared with cognitivebehavioral treatment on sleep bruxism activity. Eur J Oral Sci. 2007;11:714.
- 101. Jadidi F, Castrillon E, Svensson P. Effect of conditioning electrical stimuli on temporalis electromyographic activity during sleep. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:17183.
- 102. Lavigne GJ, Rompre PH, Montplaisir JY. Sleep bruxism: validity of clinical research diagnostic criteria in a controlled polisomnographic study. J Dent Res. 1996;75: 54652.
- 103. Abrahamsen R, BaadHansen L, Svensson P. Hypnosis in the management of persistent idiopathic orofacial painclinical and psychosocial findings. Pain. 2008;136:4452.
- 104. Golan HP. Temporomandibular joint disease treated with hypnosis. Am J Clin Hypn. 1989;31:269 74.
- 105. Simon EP, Lewis DM. Medical hypnosis for temporomandibular disorders: Treatment efficiacy and medical utilization outcome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;90:5463.
- 106. Stam HJ, McGrath PA, Brooke RI. The treatment of temporomandibular joint syndrome trough control of anxiety. J BehavTher Exp Psychiatry. 1984;15:415.
APA | KASAPOĞLU Ç, TAMAM C, KOCAELLİ ARIKAN H, EREN S (2016). Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları. , 241 - 258. |
Chicago | KASAPOĞLU Çetin,TAMAM Cüneyt,KOCAELLİ ARIKAN Hümeyra,EREN Selin Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları. (2016): 241 - 258. |
MLA | KASAPOĞLU Çetin,TAMAM Cüneyt,KOCAELLİ ARIKAN Hümeyra,EREN Selin Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları. , 2016, ss.241 - 258. |
AMA | KASAPOĞLU Ç,TAMAM C,KOCAELLİ ARIKAN H,EREN S Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları. . 2016; 241 - 258. |
Vancouver | KASAPOĞLU Ç,TAMAM C,KOCAELLİ ARIKAN H,EREN S Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları. . 2016; 241 - 258. |
IEEE | KASAPOĞLU Ç,TAMAM C,KOCAELLİ ARIKAN H,EREN S "Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları." , ss.241 - 258, 2016. |
ISNAD | KASAPOĞLU, Çetin vd. "Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları". (2016), 241-258. |
APA | KASAPOĞLU Ç, TAMAM C, KOCAELLİ ARIKAN H, EREN S (2016). Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 25(2), 241 - 258. |
Chicago | KASAPOĞLU Çetin,TAMAM Cüneyt,KOCAELLİ ARIKAN Hümeyra,EREN Selin Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 25, no.2 (2016): 241 - 258. |
MLA | KASAPOĞLU Çetin,TAMAM Cüneyt,KOCAELLİ ARIKAN Hümeyra,EREN Selin Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, vol.25, no.2, 2016, ss.241 - 258. |
AMA | KASAPOĞLU Ç,TAMAM C,KOCAELLİ ARIKAN H,EREN S Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2016; 25(2): 241 - 258. |
Vancouver | KASAPOĞLU Ç,TAMAM C,KOCAELLİ ARIKAN H,EREN S Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2016; 25(2): 241 - 258. |
IEEE | KASAPOĞLU Ç,TAMAM C,KOCAELLİ ARIKAN H,EREN S "Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları." Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 25, ss.241 - 258, 2016. |
ISNAD | KASAPOĞLU, Çetin vd. "Bruksizm ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları". Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 25/2 (2016), 241-258. |