As far as nation-state organization which is the main component of modernization, humanity hosted to the coexistence of different cultures. However, by the modernization, composing a dominant culture in the social structure and the tradition that asserts melting other different cultures into this dominant culture was transforming to the evolutionary process of unicultural view. This situation led to the problematique regarding cultures’ existence and sustainability in homogeneous society. Nation states created by modernization draw our attention by having some values such as democracy, secularism, equality and freedom, as well as canonizing these value. While these values keeping alive in the nation states, multi-culturism and the other concepts generated by powerful states harms the concept of “nation” which is the integrative component of modern state structures. Therefore, it is getting hard to create a strong synergy and common belongingness among citizens. As a post-modernistic reaction, multi-culturism, indicates the desire of coexistence of different religious, ethnic and linguistic structures. Different cultures were living their identical, linguistic and religious existence only in the private space. However, after post-modernism, they can realize themselves in the public space too. In Turkey, the multiculturalism is an Ottoman heritage. After collapse of Ottoman Empire, the successor modern republic identicated himself as “Turk”. This identification resulted in the problem of sub-identities’ alienation. However, since 1990’s, academic debates and the reforms of EU participation process have showed a potential of generating solution against to republic-sourced problems. In this context, our study aims to examine the historical and philoophical origins of multiculturalism and investigate the evaluation of multiculturalism phenomenon in Western Societies. After all, the multiculturalism in Turkey will be analyzed comperative to applications in the World Multiculturalism is one of the most important sociological conceptsdiscussed in recent years. Almost in each period the people haveexperienced mobility due to reasons such as wars, immigration, naturaldisasters and thus it has been mentioned of coming together of differentcultures, interacting and affecting each other’s. The coexistence ofmultiple cultures without destroying each other, conflict, withoutclaiming superiority is an ideal situation. In the historical process in society in which many cultures living together many problems haveemerged. Each community has been in efforts to enjoy, maintain andtransfer their own culture to future generations.In a society in which multiple cultures coexist it has been observedthat there have been more social audit and political control and culturalgroups act in the knowledge of that. The important mentioned problemin multicultural societies is how to meet or evaluate the demands ofcultural elements in the rhetoric of diversity.As far as nation-state organization which is the main component ofmodernization, humanity hosted to the coexistence of different cultures.However, by the modernization, composing a dominant culture in thesocial structure and the tradition that asserts melting other differentcultures into this dominant culture was transforming to the evolutionaryprocess of unicultural view. This situation led to the problematiqueregarding cultures’ existence and sustainability in homogeneous society.Multiculturalism subject essentially has become a major problemto be solved with the emergence of the nation state. Empire which nationstates before the structuring was constituted a political reflection ofcoexistence of religious, cultural and ethnic groups with variousorganizations. Incorporating the various communities, empires thataccept the difference, also follow a different approach and a politicalpolicy of apartheid to people according language, religion, gender. Nationstateswho took over the remainder of the Empire delay on creating itsown minority. Approach of the nation-states to minorities has beendifferent from approach of the empire. Nation states built on the ideal ofthe nation’s homogeneity, sometimes by giving very harsh reactions todifferences in society have been play hard applications.Nation-states which are a construction of the modern era, to ensuresocial cohesion they want to achieve a sense of cultural homogenization.In line with the goal of establishing a political union created nation, hasbecome the dominant element in language, religious, social and culturalsense requested of differences have been either suppressed orignored. Nation-states by adapting to its citizens such as a common root,a common history, the similarity of suffering and happiness have beentried to achieve being one the body ideal. National anthems, nationalholidays, name given to streets and squares, flag were seen as a sacredelement. Objective is creating maintain a sense of the nation, tostrengthen the sense of common belonging, single language, one nation,a single culture. National identity has been winning high sense of socialidentity dimensions of the modern era. Nation-states, while trying tomaintain the brotherhood of nations most of the time showing harshreactions to social differences, until the population exchange of genocidethey give rise to the emergence of many painful events. Discriminatoryand repressive policies which were applied to states for social differencesin order to create a homogeneous nation have been a source of ethnoculturalbased conflict.Nation states created by modernization draw our attention byhaving some values such as democracy, secularism, equality andfreedom, as well as canonizing these value. While these values keepingalive in the nation states, multi-culturism and the other concepts generated by powerful states harms the concept of “nation” which is