Gender” is identified as the genetic, physiological and biologicalcharacteristics of a person as a female or male. The “Social Gender”concept consists of the socially identified personal characteristics, rolesand responsibilities of the female and male. The definition of the socialgender concept therefore includes the values, expectations, judgementsand roles regarding how the society sees and perceives us, how it thinksof us and expects us to behave and not the biological differences(Dökmen 2004, Lindsey, 1990, Sakallı-Uğurlu, 2002, Powell andGreenhaus, 2010).Individuals behave according to the values provided to them bythe social structure while fulfilling their roles in the society (Arslan,2003; Demirbilek, 2007; Hablemitoğlu, 2005; Kitiş and Bilgici, 2007).According to these judgements, social expectations are developedregarding which behavior and activities females and males will be ableto do, and who has or will have which rights and power in what degree(Günay and Bener, 2011). Intercultural comparions have revealed thatboth males and females try to reconcile their innate roles with the rolesseen appropriate for them by the society. For example, when thegeneralpattern of division of labor as “source provider” and “housewife” isexamined, females are taught housekeeping skills such as cooking andsewing and males are taught skills they can use economically from theirearly ages. This social role distribution is provided continuity by beingsupported with interindividual relationships (with parents, friends, etc.)(Güldü and Ersoy-Kart, 2007; Yaylı, Çınar, 2014). The “Caregiver role”of females is reflected in formal work areas such as office work, theservice industry and nursing where there is female dominance. Theseareas show strong elements of care and service (Akın, 2007). Developingcountries are at the initial stages of the socio-economic and culturaldevelopment process allowing the empowerment of women and womentherefore currently lag behind men. The most important factor hereseems to be the roles the traditional social structure in developingcountries impose on women and men (Vefikuluçay, Zeyneloğlu, Eroğlu,Taşkın 2007, Parlaktuna, 2010).We aimed to determine whether the gender roles of females andmales living in three different socio-economic conditions changeaccording to variables such as socio-economic status, gender, andeducational status in this study.The study sample consisted of the parents of a total of 511students attending 9th to 12th grades of secondary school in severalAnkara districts. The sample was selected using simple randomsampling of the probability-dependent sampling type and consisted of