Mersin was occupied by England and France after the Mondros Armistice Agreement being signed on October 30, 1918. Approximately one year after the city was occupied by the two countries, with an agreement between the two countries (with the Syrian Entente) the military and administrative administration of Mersin and its environs was left to France at the end of 1919. Mersin was a port of Çukurova, with a railway connection, with a fertile agricultural area and was a region with various precious metals. France occupied Mersin and its surrounding regions for both economic and political reasons. On the other hand, due to its political interests France has been working towards the establishment of an Armenia connected to the French administration. Therefore, in accordance with their economic and political objectives, from the first days of occupation the French administration intervened in the military and administrative administration of the city; they have put into practice the segregation-based plans for Turkish society. With this context, the focus of this research is on socio-economic and political practices in Mersin during the nearly three-year occupation period under the French Government. In other words, despite the fact that the Ottoman administrative structure was not included in the administration and administrators of the city during the Armistice and in the following occupation years, they established a region with the name of "Cilicia", where import and export restrictions for various products, the customs organization and intervention to the prices are the subjects to this article. The chaos and disorder, black market, profiteering, extortion, and murder scenes during the occupation were also included in this article with descriptions of the witnesses of the era in which the city was emancipated.