Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium

kabadere, selda; Öztürk, Nilgün; FİLİK İŞÇEN, Cansu; SAVAROĞLU, Filiz; ÖZTOPCU VATAN, AYŞE PINAR; İlhan, Semra

Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium

Filiz SAVAROĞLU, (Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Education, Department of Elementary Education, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey)

AYŞE PINAR ÖZTOPCU VATAN, (Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey)

Selda KABADERE, (Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey)

NİLGÜN ÖZTÜRK, (Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey)

Semra İLHAN, (Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey)

Cansu FİLİK İŞÇEN (Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Education, Department of Elementary Education, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey)

Biological Diversity and Conservation

6 0

Yıl: 2018 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 87 - 94 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 17-12-2018

Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium

Öz:

Bryophytes belong to the group of the oldest known land plants, which includes liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. Recent research shows that mosses contain remarkable and unique substances with high biological activity. This study describes phenolic compounds, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Dicranum scoparium (Hedw.) collected from Sundiken Mountains, Eskisehir. Total phenols contents of the extracts were determined by FolinCiocalteu assay and their amount ranged from 81.90 0.10 to 105.21± 0.10 mg/g of gallic acid equivalents. The highest total phenolic content were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract (extract C). Phenolic acids in the extracts acquired by using different polarity solvents were separated by reverse-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, which enabled advanced separation by the use of a C18 column, an acidic mobile phase, and gradient elusion. Also, the most phenolic acid content was measured in the ethyl acetate extract. The results revealed that all extracts were active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Acetone extract and extract C had a potential against 4 tested bacteria. Extract A demonstrated inhibition against 3 bacteria and 3 fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the most effective extracts ranged from 11.7-187.5 µg/mL for the bacterial strains. Furthermore, methanol, B and C extracts at 0.17, 1.7, 17, 85 and 170 µg/mL concentrations were tested on rat glioma (C6) cells. Although none of the above methanol doses affected in 24 hours, 85 and 170 µg/mL slightly decreased C6 viability in 48 hours. Extract B at doses of 17, 85 and 170 µg/mL decreased C6 survival dose dependently in 24 and 48 hours. Only 170 µg/mL extract C reduced the survival ratio in 24 hours, but in 48 hours 0.17, 1.7, 17, 85 and 170 µg/mL concentrations inhibited cell viability. The present study suggests the possibility that D. scoparium may possess antimicrobial and anticancer molecule(s).

Anahtar Kelime:

Dicranum scoparium’ nın fenolik bileşikleri ile antimikrobiyal ve sitotoksik etkilerinin taranması

Öz:

Bryofitler, ciğer otları, boynuz otları ve yapraklı kara yosunları olmak üzere karada yaşayan en eski bitki türlerindendir. Son zamanlarda yapılan araştırmalar kara yosunlarının sıra dışı ve eşsiz maddeler içerdiğini ve yüksek oranda biyolojik aktivitede bulunduklarını ortaya koymuştur. Bu araştırma, Eskişehir Sündiken Dağlarından toplanan Dicranum scoparium (Hedw.)’un fenolik bileşenleri ile antimikrobiyal ve sitotoksik özelliklerini ortaya koyma amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ekstraktların toplam fenol içeriği Folin-Ciocalteu’ nun yaptığı çalışma temel alınarak belirlenmiş ve yapılan analizler sonucunda ekstraktların gallik asit eşdeğerleri 81,90±0,10 ile 105,21±0,10 mg/g arasında bulunmuştur. En yüksek toplam fenolik asit içeriği etil asetat ekstraktından (ekstrakt C) elde edilmiştir. Farklı polaritelere sahip çözücüler kullanılarak yapılan fenolik asit toplama işlemi, asidik mobil faz olan C18 kolonunun kullanımı ve dereceli elüsyon ile ayrım yapılmasını mümkün kılan ters fazlı Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi ile yürütülmüştür. Bu işlem sonrasında yine en yüksek fenolik asit içeriği etil asetat ekstraktından elde edilmiştir.Antimikrobiyal analiz sonuçlarına göre tüm ekstraktların Pseudomonas aeruginosa ile Bacillus subtilis’ e karşı aktif olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, aseton ekstratı ile ekstrakt C’ nin test edilen 4 bakteriye karşı etkisinin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ekstrakt A, 3 bakteri ve 3 mantar türüne karşı inhibisyon özelliği sergilemiştir. En etkili ekstraktların minimum inhibitör konsantrasyonları bakteriler için 11,7-187,5 µg/mL olarak ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca sıçan glioma hücreleri (C6) üzerinde 0,17, 1,7, 17, 85 ve 170 µg/mL’lik konsantrasyonlara sahip metanol, B ve C ekstraktları test edilmiştir. Yirmi dört saat süre ile denenen metanol ekstraktının hücrelerde herhangi bir sitotoksik etki göstermemesine rağmen, 85 ve 170 µg/mL’ lik konsantrasyonların 48 saat de C6 canlılığını hafif derecede azalttığı gözlenmiştir. 17, 85 ve 170 µg/mL’lik B ekstraktları ise, glioma hücre canlılığını doz ve zamana bağlı olarak azaltmıştır. Ekstrakt C ise 24 saatte yalnızca 170 µg/mL’lik dozunda hücre canlılığı üzerinde etki gösterirken, 48 saat saatte denenen tüm dozlarda sitotoksik etki göstermiştir. Yapılan bu çalışma D. scoparium’ un antimikrobiyal ve antikanser moleküllere sahip olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

Yamada, P., Isoda, H., Han, J.K., Talorete, T.P.N., Yamaguchi, T., Abe, Y. (2007). Inhibitory effect of fulvic acid extracted from Canadian sphagnum peat on chemical mediator release by RBL-2H3 and KU812 cells. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 71, 1294-1305.
Veljić, M., Tarbuk, M., Marin, P.D., Ćirić, A., Soković, M., Marin, M. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of mosses from Serbia. Pharmaceutical Biology, 46, 1-5.
Van Hoof, L., Vanden Berghe, D.A., Petit, E., Vlietinck, A.J. (1981). Antibacterial and antiviral screening of Bryophyta. Fitoterapia, 52, 223-229.
Tsao, R., Deng, Z. (2004). Separation procedures for naturally occurring antioxidant phytochemicals. Journal of Chromatography B, 812, 85-99.
Singleton, V., Rossi J. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-158.
Singh, M., Govindarajan, R., Nath, V., Rawat, A.K.S., Mehrotra, S. (2006). Antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant activity of Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. et Lind. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 107, 67-72.
Savaroglu, F., Ilhan, S., Filik-Iscen, C. (2011b). An evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of some Turkish mosses. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5, 3286-3292.
Savaroglu, F., Filik-Iscen, C., Oztopcu-Vatan, P., Kabadere, S., Ilhan, S., Uyar, R. (2011a). Determination of antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. Turkish Journal of Biology, 35, 361-369.
Sabovljevic, M., Bijelovic, A., Grubisic, D. (2001). Bryophytes as a Potential Source of Medicinal Compounds, Review. Lekovite Sirovine, 21, 17-29.
Sabovljević, A., Soković, M., Sabovljević, M., Grubisic, D. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of Bryum argenteum. Fitoterapia, 77, 144145.
Sabovljević, A., Sokovic, M., Glamočlija, J., Ćirić, A., Vujičić, M., Pejin, B., Sabovljević, M. (2010). Comparison of extract bioactivities of in-situ and in-vitro grown selected bryophyte species. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4, 808-812.
Özturk, N., Tuncel, M., Tuncel, N.B. (2007). Determination of phenolic acids by a modified HPLC: Its application to various plant materials. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologie, 30, 587-596.
Oztürk, N., Tuncel, M., Potoğlu-Erkara, I. (2009). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of some Hypericum species: A comparative study with H. perforatum. Pharmaceutical Biology, 47, 120-127.
Oztopcu-Vatan, P., Kabadere, S., Uyar, R., Savaroglu, F., Kus, G. (2012). Time dependent cytotoxic role of Homalothecium sericeum extracts on glioma. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 5(1), 1-4.
Oztopcu-Vatan, P., Savaroglu, F., Fılık Iscen, C., Kabadere, S., Ilhan, S., Uyar, R. (2011). Antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of Homalothecium sericeum (Hedw.) Schimp. extracts. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 20, 461-466.
NCCLS, (2008). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; ninth informational supplement. NCCLS document M100-S9. Wayne, PA, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard pp. 120-126.
Krzaczkowski, L., Wright, M., Reberioux, D., Massiot, G., Etievant, C., Gairin, J.E. (2009). Pharmacological screening of bryophyte extracts that inhibit growth and induce abnormal phenotypes in human HeLa cancer cells. Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology, 23, 473-482.
Komala, I., Ito, T., Nagashima, F., Yagi, Y., Asakawa, Y. (2011). Cytotoxic bibenzyls, and germacrane-and pinguisane-type sesquiterpenoids from Indonesian, Tahitian and Japanese liverworts. Natural Product Communications, 6, 303-309.
Klavina, L., Springe, G., Nikolajeva, V., Martsinkevich, I., Nakurte, I., Dzabijeva, D., Steinberga, I. (2015). Chemical composition analysis, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity screening of moss extracts (Moss Phytochemistry). Molecules, 20, 1722117243.
Jones, W.P., Kinghorn, A.D. (2005). Extraction of plant secondary metabolites. In: Sarker SD, Latif Z, Gray AI (eds) Natural Products Isolation 2nd Edn: Methods in Biotechnology Series, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 20, 323-351.
Jockovıc, N., Andrade, P.B., Valentao, P., Sabovljevic, M. (2008). HPLC–DAD of Phenolics in Bryophytes Lunularia cruciata, Brachytheciastrum velutinum and Kindbergia praelonga. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 73, 1161-1167.
Ivanova, V., Kolarova, M., Aleksieva, K., Dornberger, K.J., Haertl, A., Moellmann, U., Dahse, H.M., Chipev, N. (2007). Sanionins: Antiinflammatory and antibacterial agents with weak cytotoxicity from the Antarctic Moss Sanionia georgico-uncinata. Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 37, 343-352.
Ilhan, S., Savaroglu, F., Colak, F., Filik Iscen, C., Erdemgil, F.Z. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra extracts (Bryophyta). Turkish Journal of Biology, 30, 149-152.
Fu, P., Lin, S., Shan, L., Lu, M., Shen, Y.H., Tang, J., Liu, R.H., Zhang, X., Zhu, R.L., Zhang, W.D. (2009). Constituents of the moss Polytrichum commune. Journal of Natural Products, 72, 1335-1337.
Ertürk, Ö., Şahin, H., Ertürk, E.Y., Hotaman, H.E., Koz, B., Özdemir, Ö. (2015). The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts obtained from some moss species in Turkey. Herba Polonica, 61, 52-65.
Elibol, B., Ezer, T., Kara, R., Yuvalı Celik, G., Colak, E. (2011). Antifungal and antibacterial effects of some acrocarpic mosses. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 986-989.
Dulger, B., Hacıoglu, N., Uyar, G. (2009). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of some mosses from Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 21, 4093-4096.
Bodade, R.G., Borkar, P.S., Md Saiful, A., Khobragade, C.N. (2008). In vitro screening of bryophytes for antimicrobial activity. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 7, 23-28.
Asakawa, Y., Toyota, M., Takemoto, T. (1980). Four new sacculatane-type diterpenoids from Trichocoleopsis sacculata and Pellia endiviaefolia. Phytochemistry, 19, 1799-1803.
Asakawa, Y., Ludwiczuk, A., Nagashima, F. (2013). Phytochemical and biological studies of bryophytes. Phytochemistry, 91, 52-80.
Asakawa, Y., Harrison, L.J., Toyota, M. (1985). Occurrence of a potent piscicidal diterpenedial in the liverwort Riccardia lobata var. yakushimensis. Phytochemistry, 24, 261-262.
Asakawa, Y. (2007). Biologically active compounds from bryophytes. Chenia, 9, 73-104.

APA	SAVAROĞLU F, ÖZTOPCU VATAN A, kabadere s, Öztürk N, İlhan S, FİLİK İŞÇEN C (2018). Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium. , 87 - 94.
Chicago	SAVAROĞLU Filiz,ÖZTOPCU VATAN AYŞE PINAR,kabadere selda,Öztürk Nilgün,İlhan Semra,FİLİK İŞÇEN Cansu Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium. (2018): 87 - 94.
MLA	SAVAROĞLU Filiz,ÖZTOPCU VATAN AYŞE PINAR,kabadere selda,Öztürk Nilgün,İlhan Semra,FİLİK İŞÇEN Cansu Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium. , 2018, ss.87 - 94.
AMA	SAVAROĞLU F,ÖZTOPCU VATAN A,kabadere s,Öztürk N,İlhan S,FİLİK İŞÇEN C Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium. . 2018; 87 - 94.
Vancouver	SAVAROĞLU F,ÖZTOPCU VATAN A,kabadere s,Öztürk N,İlhan S,FİLİK İŞÇEN C Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium. . 2018; 87 - 94.
IEEE	SAVAROĞLU F,ÖZTOPCU VATAN A,kabadere s,Öztürk N,İlhan S,FİLİK İŞÇEN C "Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium." , ss.87 - 94, 2018.
ISNAD	SAVAROĞLU, Filiz vd. "Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium". (2018), 87-94.

APA	SAVAROĞLU F, ÖZTOPCU VATAN A, kabadere s, Öztürk N, İlhan S, FİLİK İŞÇEN C (2018). Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 11(1), 87 - 94.
Chicago	SAVAROĞLU Filiz,ÖZTOPCU VATAN AYŞE PINAR,kabadere selda,Öztürk Nilgün,İlhan Semra,FİLİK İŞÇEN Cansu Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium. Biological Diversity and Conservation 11, no.1 (2018): 87 - 94.
MLA	SAVAROĞLU Filiz,ÖZTOPCU VATAN AYŞE PINAR,kabadere selda,Öztürk Nilgün,İlhan Semra,FİLİK İŞÇEN Cansu Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium. Biological Diversity and Conservation, vol.11, no.1, 2018, ss.87 - 94.
AMA	SAVAROĞLU F,ÖZTOPCU VATAN A,kabadere s,Öztürk N,İlhan S,FİLİK İŞÇEN C Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium. Biological Diversity and Conservation. 2018; 11(1): 87 - 94.
Vancouver	SAVAROĞLU F,ÖZTOPCU VATAN A,kabadere s,Öztürk N,İlhan S,FİLİK İŞÇEN C Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium. Biological Diversity and Conservation. 2018; 11(1): 87 - 94.
IEEE	SAVAROĞLU F,ÖZTOPCU VATAN A,kabadere s,Öztürk N,İlhan S,FİLİK İŞÇEN C "Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium." Biological Diversity and Conservation, 11, ss.87 - 94, 2018.
ISNAD	SAVAROĞLU, Filiz vd. "Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium". Biological Diversity and Conservation 11/1 (2018), 87-94.