Maritime transport has an important role in world trade. The low costs and the lack of bureaucratic obstacles in the transportation process make maritime transportation a functional one. However, maritime transport also causes sea and air pollution and damages ecosystems for various reasons. Today, seas are faced with a serious threat of pollution not only due to transportation activities but also due to terrestrial discharges and accidents happening in the seas. In order to solve this global problem, studies are being carried out especially under the leadership of IMO. Marine pollution is on Turkey’s agenda too. For the sake of the solution of the problem of marine pollution, studies are carried out at the national level and international participation is realized. Turkey and the Turkish Straits in particular are affected by this intense maritime traffic and marine pollution. When the Istanbul Strait is taken into consideration, it is seen that the importance of maritime transport has increased, and the maritime pollution problem has become increasingly confronted with it. The international status of the Bosphorus is determined by the revised version of the Lausanne Straits Convention of 1936, the Montreux Straits Convention. Since the signing of the Montreux Convention in 1936, the density in the straits has shown a significant increase. It is known that about 50,000 ships pass through the Bosphorus every year. Intensive ship traffic increases the negative effects on the environment every passing day. Within the scope of this study, the environmental problems in the Istanbul Strait were discussed in various dimensions. Research on marine pollution and air pollution is of the utmost importance in establishing these problems. However, in understanding the negative environmental impacts arising from the vessels, the studies on marine pollution and air pollution are not sufficient. Some operations resulting from maritime transport, and especially from the technical specifications of ships, present a very difficult problem to solve on the marine environment. Within the scope of the study, it has been revealed that different ship types bring different negative environmental influences. It is suggested that the analyzes to be done according to different ship types are important in determining the environmental pollution from the ship in the survey and planning of the environmental management. It is assessed that this approach will provide a new perspective on the policies to be put forward and the national strategy to be developed. Ro-Ro vessels in this framework are less vulnerable to air pollution than many other ship types. However, it has been concluded that there may be many negative consequences arising from these ships, even if indirectly in the context of marine pollution and other negative environmental impacts. In practical operation and in the regulations to be done, this situation has to be taken into consideration.