This research aims to examine the gender roles in Social Science Course Book for Primary School 1-3 Grades which is approved by the Board of Education and Morality in the Ministry of National Education and to identify any differences in gender roles according to professions. The qualitative document analysis method was chosen for the current research which is conducted to identify how the gender roles take place in social sciences course books written for primary school 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-grade students. Examining the gender roles in terms of parents' roles and professional roles in reading texts and visuals in Social Science Course Books for Primary Schools, parents' roles were analyzed under the sub-themes of childcare, housework responsibilities, and outside responsibilities. As a result of the research, it appears that women in the family are in more domestic responsibilities, are involved in child care, have children outside the home, and have responsibilities that can be linked to the kitchen, in the duties that require more power and authority in domestic and out-of-home responsibilities. There is also a difference in the roles of men and women in professional roles. When women were given occupations close to home and child care, males were given roles in both professional and collective areas, which were both united with power and authority and were much more varied than women.