ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI

Kale, Mehmet; KAÇOĞLU, Celil

ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI

Celil KAÇOĞLU, (Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi, Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Eskişehir, Türkiye)

Mehmet KALE (Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi, Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Eskişehir, Türkiye)

SPORMETRE BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ

14 0

Yıl: 2019 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 1 - 19 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 19-11-2019

ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI

Öz:

Sportif performans artışı sağlamanın yanında rehabilitasyon amaçlı yaygın olarak kullanılan elektriksel kas uyarım yöntemi ya da diğer adıyla elektromyostimülasyon (EMS) deri üzerinden kas ya da sinir bölgelerine elektrotlar aracılığıyla uygulanan elektriksel akımlarla kas kontraksiyonu elde etme ve bu yolla hızlı motor ünitelerin yavaş motor ünitelerle beraber senkronize katılımıyla antrene edilerek, fiziksel performansta fonksiyonel artışlar elde etme amaçlı kullanılan konvansiyonel olmayan bir egzersiz metodudur. Bu şekilde EMS’nin hem sinir dalları hem de kas liflerinde iyon hareketini tetikleyerek aksiyon potansiyeli oluşturması, motor ve duyusal nöral girdilerle spinal ve supraspinal merkezleri aktive etmesi ve ayrıca antrenman süreci sonrası hipertrofisiz kuvvet kazanımları ile ünilateral EMS sonucu kontrolateral kasta da kuvvet kazanımlarının ortaya çıkması EMS’nin nöromuskuler sisteme biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve nöral etkileri olduğu düşüncesini desteklemektedir. Bu nedenle EMS’nin insan vücuduna etkileri altında yatan biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve nöral mekanizmalarını incelemeye odaklanmış olan bu derlemede ilk olarak EMS’nin tarihsel gelişimine değinilmiş sonraki kısımda ise EMS’nin biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve nöral mekanizmaları incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı EMS’nin insan vücuduna etkileri altında yatan mekanizmaların ortaya konarak bu yolla sportif performans ve rehabilitasyon amaçlı kullanımını daha net ve daha bilimsel temellere dayanarak daha EMS uygulamalarının etkin kullanımına katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Eğitim, Eğitim Araştırmaları Spor Bilimleri

BIOCHEMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NEURAL MECHANISMS OF ELECTRICAL MUSCLE STIMULATIONS

Öz:

Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS), which is widely used for rehabilitation purposes and sporty performance enhancement, is used to obtain muscular contractions by means of electrical currents applied to the muscle or nerve regions via the skin, is an unconventional exercise method that is used to obtain functional gains in physical performance. In this way, EMS generates action potaentials by triggering ion movements in both nerve branches and muscle fibers, activates spinal and supraspinal centers by motor and sensory neural inputs, as well as the generation of force gains after unilateral EMS training periods resultant contralateral homologues muscle strength, these factors support biochemical, physiological and neural effects on neuromuscular system. This review focuses on the biochemical, physiological and neural mechanisms underlying EMS's effects on the human body. The historical development of EMS discussed in the first part of the review and biochemical, physiological and neural mechanisms of EMS examined in the next section. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the effective use of EMS applications based on clearer and more scientific bases for the purposes of sportive performance and rehabilitation by examining underlying mechanisms of human body.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Eğitim, Eğitim Araştırmaları Spor Bilimleri

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	KAÇOĞLU C, Kale M (2019). ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI. , 1 - 19.
Chicago	KAÇOĞLU Celil,Kale Mehmet ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI. (2019): 1 - 19.
MLA	KAÇOĞLU Celil,Kale Mehmet ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI. , 2019, ss.1 - 19.
AMA	KAÇOĞLU C,Kale M ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI. . 2019; 1 - 19.
Vancouver	KAÇOĞLU C,Kale M ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI. . 2019; 1 - 19.
IEEE	KAÇOĞLU C,Kale M "ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI." , ss.1 - 19, 2019.
ISNAD	KAÇOĞLU, Celil - Kale, Mehmet. "ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI". (2019), 1-19.

APA	KAÇOĞLU C, Kale M (2019). ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI. SPORMETRE BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ, 17(1), 1 - 19.
Chicago	KAÇOĞLU Celil,Kale Mehmet ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI. SPORMETRE BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ 17, no.1 (2019): 1 - 19.
MLA	KAÇOĞLU Celil,Kale Mehmet ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI. SPORMETRE BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ, vol.17, no.1, 2019, ss.1 - 19.
AMA	KAÇOĞLU C,Kale M ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI. SPORMETRE BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ. 2019; 17(1): 1 - 19.
Vancouver	KAÇOĞLU C,Kale M ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI. SPORMETRE BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ. 2019; 17(1): 1 - 19.
IEEE	KAÇOĞLU C,Kale M "ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI." SPORMETRE BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ, 17, ss.1 - 19, 2019.
ISNAD	KAÇOĞLU, Celil - Kale, Mehmet. "ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI". SPORMETRE BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ 17/1 (2019), 1-19.