AIM: To investigate the effects of systemic application of Theranekron on peripheral nerve healing after compression type peripheralnerve injury.MATERIAL and METHODS: Twenty-one female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=7): Control (C), injury(I), and Theranekron (T). The right sciatic nerves of rats in the I and T groups were compressed via an aneurysm clip for 5 minutesand 0.3 ml Theranekron D6 was applied via subcutaneous administration once a week in the T group for a total period of fourweeks. Nerve conduction velocity and proximal and distal latency of the rats were measured at the end of day 30. The right sciaticnerves of the rats were then removed and myelin damage grading, axon counting, fibrosis assessment, caspase-3, and NF-kBimmunochemical staining were performed. The data were analysed statistically and a p value of less than 0.05 was considered tobe significant.RESULTS: Axonal degeneration, vacuolization and myelin destruction were found to be markedly greater in group T. Fibrosis andcaspase-3 immunoreactivity were less intense in group T. There was a statistically significant difference in the electrophysiologicalresults of groups I and T. However, there were no statistically significant differences in axon number and NF-kB immunochemicalevaluation of groups I and T.CONCLUSION: The findings of this study show that Theranekron decreases axonal and myelin damage after sciatic nerve injuryand that this neuroprotective effect of Theranekron can be attributed to its anti-inflammatory effect on pro-inflammatory cytokinelevels.