Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections

Background: Because of their similar modes of transmission, thesimultaneous infection of viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiencyvirus are increasingly seen as a big problem related to human health.Aims: To determine the drug mutations in hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus co-infected human immunodeficiency virus-1patients in Turkey.Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.Methods: The present study was conducted between 2010 and 2017.HBsAg, anti-hepatitis C virus, and anti-human immunodeficiencyvirus were tested with ELISA. All anti-human immunodeficiencyvirus positive results by ELISA were verified for anti-humanimmunodeficiency virus positivity by a Western blot test, and Antihuman immunodeficiency virus positive patients with HBsAg and/oranti-hepatitis C virus positivity were included in the study. Subtypingand genotypic resistance analyses were performed by populationsequencing of the viral protease and reverse transcriptase regions ofthe human immunodeficiency virus-1 pol gene.Results: We detected 3896 human immunodeficiency virus-1 positivepatients whose sera were sent from numerous hospitals across thecountry to our polymerase chain reaction unit for detection of drugresistance mutations and whose molecular laboratory tests werecompleted. Viral hepatitis co-infections were detected in 4.3% (n=170)of patients. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection wereobserved in 3.2% and 0.5% of all human immunodeficiency virus-1infected patients, respectively. The major human immunodeficiencyvirus-1 subtype detected was group M, subtype B (62.9%). However,13.5% of drug resistance mutation motifs were found in humanimmunodeficiency virus-1 genomes of patients included in the study.Conclusion: Due to similar transmission routes, HIV1 patients are atrisk of hepatitis B and C virus co-infection. However, antiretroviraldrug resistance mutation model is similar to patients with hepatitisnegative.

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APA	SAYAN M, Özgüler M, SARIGÜL YILDIRIM F, YILDIRMAK T, Gunduz A, DOKUZOĞUZ B, CELEN M, İNAN D, HEPER Y, ERSÖZ G, karaoğlan i, Ceran N, Deveci A, öztürk s, SAYIN KUTLU S, ÖZDEMİR Ö, AKBULUT A, YAZICI S, ŞENER A, ÇAĞATAY A, ÜNAL S (2020). Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections. , 125 - 130. 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89
Chicago	SAYAN Murat,Özgüler Müge,SARIGÜL YILDIRIM Figen,YILDIRMAK Taner,Gunduz Alper,DOKUZOĞUZ Başak,CELEN MUSTAFA,İNAN DİLARA,HEPER YASEMIN,ERSÖZ Gülden,karaoğlan ilkay,Ceran Nurgül,Deveci Aydın,öztürk servet,SAYIN KUTLU Selda,ÖZDEMİR ÖZKAN Hülya,AKBULUT Ayhan,YAZICI SAADET,ŞENER Alper,ÇAĞATAY Arif Atahan,ÜNAL Serhat Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections. (2020): 125 - 130. 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89
MLA	SAYAN Murat,Özgüler Müge,SARIGÜL YILDIRIM Figen,YILDIRMAK Taner,Gunduz Alper,DOKUZOĞUZ Başak,CELEN MUSTAFA,İNAN DİLARA,HEPER YASEMIN,ERSÖZ Gülden,karaoğlan ilkay,Ceran Nurgül,Deveci Aydın,öztürk servet,SAYIN KUTLU Selda,ÖZDEMİR ÖZKAN Hülya,AKBULUT Ayhan,YAZICI SAADET,ŞENER Alper,ÇAĞATAY Arif Atahan,ÜNAL Serhat Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections. , 2020, ss.125 - 130. 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89
AMA	SAYAN M,Özgüler M,SARIGÜL YILDIRIM F,YILDIRMAK T,Gunduz A,DOKUZOĞUZ B,CELEN M,İNAN D,HEPER Y,ERSÖZ G,karaoğlan i,Ceran N,Deveci A,öztürk s,SAYIN KUTLU S,ÖZDEMİR Ö,AKBULUT A,YAZICI S,ŞENER A,ÇAĞATAY A,ÜNAL S Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections. . 2020; 125 - 130. 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89
Vancouver	SAYAN M,Özgüler M,SARIGÜL YILDIRIM F,YILDIRMAK T,Gunduz A,DOKUZOĞUZ B,CELEN M,İNAN D,HEPER Y,ERSÖZ G,karaoğlan i,Ceran N,Deveci A,öztürk s,SAYIN KUTLU S,ÖZDEMİR Ö,AKBULUT A,YAZICI S,ŞENER A,ÇAĞATAY A,ÜNAL S Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections. . 2020; 125 - 130. 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89
IEEE	SAYAN M,Özgüler M,SARIGÜL YILDIRIM F,YILDIRMAK T,Gunduz A,DOKUZOĞUZ B,CELEN M,İNAN D,HEPER Y,ERSÖZ G,karaoğlan i,Ceran N,Deveci A,öztürk s,SAYIN KUTLU S,ÖZDEMİR Ö,AKBULUT A,YAZICI S,ŞENER A,ÇAĞATAY A,ÜNAL S "Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections." , ss.125 - 130, 2020. 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89
ISNAD	SAYAN, Murat vd. "Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections". (2020), 125-130. https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89

APA	SAYAN M, Özgüler M, SARIGÜL YILDIRIM F, YILDIRMAK T, Gunduz A, DOKUZOĞUZ B, CELEN M, İNAN D, HEPER Y, ERSÖZ G, karaoğlan i, Ceran N, Deveci A, öztürk s, SAYIN KUTLU S, ÖZDEMİR Ö, AKBULUT A, YAZICI S, ŞENER A, ÇAĞATAY A, ÜNAL S (2020). Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections. Balkan Medical Journal, 37(3), 125 - 130. 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89
Chicago	SAYAN Murat,Özgüler Müge,SARIGÜL YILDIRIM Figen,YILDIRMAK Taner,Gunduz Alper,DOKUZOĞUZ Başak,CELEN MUSTAFA,İNAN DİLARA,HEPER YASEMIN,ERSÖZ Gülden,karaoğlan ilkay,Ceran Nurgül,Deveci Aydın,öztürk servet,SAYIN KUTLU Selda,ÖZDEMİR ÖZKAN Hülya,AKBULUT Ayhan,YAZICI SAADET,ŞENER Alper,ÇAĞATAY Arif Atahan,ÜNAL Serhat Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections. Balkan Medical Journal 37, no.3 (2020): 125 - 130. 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89
MLA	SAYAN Murat,Özgüler Müge,SARIGÜL YILDIRIM Figen,YILDIRMAK Taner,Gunduz Alper,DOKUZOĞUZ Başak,CELEN MUSTAFA,İNAN DİLARA,HEPER YASEMIN,ERSÖZ Gülden,karaoğlan ilkay,Ceran Nurgül,Deveci Aydın,öztürk servet,SAYIN KUTLU Selda,ÖZDEMİR ÖZKAN Hülya,AKBULUT Ayhan,YAZICI SAADET,ŞENER Alper,ÇAĞATAY Arif Atahan,ÜNAL Serhat Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections. Balkan Medical Journal, vol.37, no.3, 2020, ss.125 - 130. 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89
AMA	SAYAN M,Özgüler M,SARIGÜL YILDIRIM F,YILDIRMAK T,Gunduz A,DOKUZOĞUZ B,CELEN M,İNAN D,HEPER Y,ERSÖZ G,karaoğlan i,Ceran N,Deveci A,öztürk s,SAYIN KUTLU S,ÖZDEMİR Ö,AKBULUT A,YAZICI S,ŞENER A,ÇAĞATAY A,ÜNAL S Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections. Balkan Medical Journal. 2020; 37(3): 125 - 130. 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89
Vancouver	SAYAN M,Özgüler M,SARIGÜL YILDIRIM F,YILDIRMAK T,Gunduz A,DOKUZOĞUZ B,CELEN M,İNAN D,HEPER Y,ERSÖZ G,karaoğlan i,Ceran N,Deveci A,öztürk s,SAYIN KUTLU S,ÖZDEMİR Ö,AKBULUT A,YAZICI S,ŞENER A,ÇAĞATAY A,ÜNAL S Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections. Balkan Medical Journal. 2020; 37(3): 125 - 130. 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89
IEEE	SAYAN M,Özgüler M,SARIGÜL YILDIRIM F,YILDIRMAK T,Gunduz A,DOKUZOĞUZ B,CELEN M,İNAN D,HEPER Y,ERSÖZ G,karaoğlan i,Ceran N,Deveci A,öztürk s,SAYIN KUTLU S,ÖZDEMİR Ö,AKBULUT A,YAZICI S,ŞENER A,ÇAĞATAY A,ÜNAL S "Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections." Balkan Medical Journal, 37, ss.125 - 130, 2020. 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89
ISNAD	SAYAN, Murat vd. "Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections". Balkan Medical Journal 37/3 (2020), 125-130. https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.5.89