The aim of this study was to determine the production practices and the general structural characteristics of Anatolian buffalo reared in Güroymak and Mutki districts of Bitlis province. In this research, 136 breeders were questioned in the production of buffaloes in the districts of Güroymak and Mutki in Bitlis province. The questionnaire was composed of 85 questions. The data obtained were analyzed in Statistical Analyzes System (SAS). It was observed that buffalo production in Bitlis region was carried out by middle-aged or older breeders and no cost for shelter and labor expenses in these farmers, and that buffaloes milked by hand within shelters and the their calves were not weaned for long time. Further the production traits of Anatolian buffalo raised in these regions were not at the desired level, especially the reproduction characteristics and average lactation yield. However, the differences between the districts in terms of bull keeping, puberty, breeding period and lactation length were found to be significant in favor or Mutki county(P<0.05). As a result, the findings of the province of Bitlis should not be considered separately the traditional structure of the our animal production, the protection of Anatolian buffalo as an important genetic source and an important alternative branch of animal production for future will be beneficial in terms of increasing animal production.