Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 1332 - 1342 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.31202/ecjse.755213 İndeks Tarihi: 07-01-2021

Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi

Öz:
Elektronik cihazlarda ısı artışını kontrol ihtiyacı, yüksek termal iletkenlikli altlık malzemelerin üretilmesinintemel nedenini oluşturmaktadır. Si3N4 seramiklerde termal iletkenliği etkileyen parametrelerinin kontrolü ile buendüstriyel uygulamalar için uygun özellikte malzemeler geliştirilebilir. Si3N4 seramiklerin termal iletkenliğineetki eden, yoğunluk ve tane sınır fazı gibi iki önemli parametre, sinterleme ilaveleri ve tekniklerine bağlıdır.Sinterlemede, uygulanan gaza maruz kalma süresi ve sinterleme sonrası uygulanan soğutma çevrimi, fazkristalizasyonunu etkileyen faktörler olup, sinterleme sonrası mikroyapıda oluşan fazların türü miktarı ve dağılımıtermal iletkenliği etkiler. Bu çalışmada, Si3N4 başlangıç tozuna (<1 µm), Y2O3 ilave edilerek gaz basınçlısinterleme (GPS) ile üretilmiş Si3N4 seramiklerin, sinterleme sonrası farklı soğutma çevrimlerinin, mikroyapı vetermal iletkenliğe etkisi araştırılmıştır. Termal iletkenlik, yavaş soğutma ile 42,69 W/m.K, hızlı soğutma ile 44,18W/m.K elde edilmiştir. Yavaş soğutma ile yoğunluk azalmış, açık porozite artmış, termal iletkenlik ~% 3,5oranında azalmıştır.
Anahtar Kelime:

Septal Deviasyon Ameliyatı Geçirecek Hastalarda Zor Entübasyon İnsidansının ve Etki Eden Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Prospektif Kontrollü Çalışma

Öz:
Amaç: Bu prospektif klinik çalışmanın amacı septal deviasyon ameliyatı geçirecek hastalardaki zor havayolu insidansını timpanoplasti operasyonu geçirecek hastalardaki zor havayolu insidansı ile karşılaştırmak ve zor havayolu insidansına etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Septal deviasyon ameliyatı geçirecek hastalardaki zor havayolu için predispozisyon yaratan faktörlerin araştırılması ikincil çıktı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya septoplasti (çalışma grubu-Grup S) uygulanan 130 hasta ve timpanoplasti (kontrol grubu-Grup T) uygulanan 125 hasta olmak üzere toplam 255 katılımcı dahil edildi. Operasyon öncesi havayolu değerlendirilmesi LEMON protokolü kullanılarak yapıldı. Bütün hastalara uyku apne sendromu (UAS) risk tanısı için STOP-BANG soru testi uygulandı. Laringoskopi sırasında Cormack-Lehane laringeal görüntü dereceleri not edildi. Cormack-Lehane skalasına göre zor havayolu tanımlaması yapıldı (I–II=kolay, III–IV=zor). Ek olarak kullanılan entübasyon yöntemi, entübasyon deneme sayısı, stile kullanımı, krikoid bası ve airway kullanımı kaydedildi. Bulgular: Bu çalışma popülasyonunda entübe edilemeyen hasta olmadı. Cormack-Lehane skoru ve zor havayolu insidansı Grup S’de Grup T’ye göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulundu (p<0.001). Mikrognati (p<0.001, OR: 9.38, 95% CI: 2.71– 45.93) ve UAS (p<0.001, OR: 58.013, 95% CI: 14.025–239.98) varlığı septoplasti geçirecek hastalarda zor havayolu açısından risk faktörü olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Havayolu operasyon öncesi zor entübasyon açısından değerlendirilmeli ve minör cerrahi bile olsa zor havayolu için risk faktörleri belirlenmelidir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Determination of the Difficult Intubation Incidence and its Affecting Factors in Patients Undergoing Septal Deviation Surgery – Prospective Controlled Trial

Öz:
Objective: The aim of this prospective clinical study was to compare the incidence of difficultairway in patients undergoing septal deviation with the incidence of difficult airway in patientsundergoing tympanoplasty and to determine the factors associated with the incidenceof the difficult airway. Investigation of predisposing factors for difficult airway in patientsundergoing septal deviation surgery was evaluated as a secondary outcome.Methods: A total of 255 participants, 130 patients undergoing septoplasty (study group-Group S) and 125 patients undergoing tympanoplasty (control group-Group T) were includedin this study. Preoperative airway evaluation was performed using the LEMON protocol.For all patients, the STOP-BANG questionnaire was performed to identify the risk ofObstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Cormack-Lehane laryngeal view grades werenoted during laryngoscopy. The definition of difficult intubation was identified according tothe Cormack-Lehane scale (I–II=easy, III–IV=difficult). Additionally, the intubation methodused, number of intubation attempts, use of stylet, cricoid pressure, and usage of airwaywere recorded.Results: There were no unintubated patients in this study population. Cormack-Lehanescore and incidence of difficult airway were significantly higher in the Group S than theGroup T (p<0.001). Micrognathia (p<0.001, OR: 9.38, 95% CI: 2.71–45.93) and OSAS(p<0.001, OR: 58.013, 95% CI: 14.025–239.98) were found to be risk factors for difficultairway in patients undergoing septoplasty.Conclusion: The airway should be evaluated for difficult intubation before surgery and riskfactors for difficult airway should be determined even in minor surgery.
Anahtar Kelime:

The Effect of Sintering Process Cycle on Thermal Conductivity in Y2O3 Additive Si3N4 Ceramics Produced with Submicron Size Starting Powder

Öz:
The need for control of temperature rise in electronic devices is a fundamental cause of the production of high thermal conductivity substrate materials. By controlling the parameters affecting thermal conductivity Si3N4 ceramics, materials with suitable properties for the industrial applications can be developed. Two important parameters affecting the thermal conductivity of Si3N4 ceramics such as density and grain boundary phase depend on sintering additives and techniques. In the sintering, the gas application time and the sintering cooling cycle are the factors affecting the phase crystallization. The amount and distribution of the phases formed in the microstructure after sintering affect the thermal conductivity. In this study, the effect on microstructure and thermal conductivity of different cooling cycles of Si3N4 ceramics gas pressure sintered with Y2O3 addition to Si3N4 starting powder (<1 µm) was investigated. Thermal conductivity was 42.69 W/m.K with slow cooling and 44.18 W/m.K with rapid cooling. With slow cooling, density decreased, open porosity increased, thermal conductivity decreased by ~ 3.5% ratio
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA uyan p, altun d, ali a, AYDEMİR L, KIRŞAN N, ORHAN SUNGUR M, ÇAMÇI E (2020). Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi. , 1332 - 1342. 10.31202/ecjse.755213
Chicago uyan pınar,altun demet,ali achmet,AYDEMİR Levent,KIRŞAN Nil,ORHAN SUNGUR Mukadder,ÇAMÇI Emre Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi. (2020): 1332 - 1342. 10.31202/ecjse.755213
MLA uyan pınar,altun demet,ali achmet,AYDEMİR Levent,KIRŞAN Nil,ORHAN SUNGUR Mukadder,ÇAMÇI Emre Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi. , 2020, ss.1332 - 1342. 10.31202/ecjse.755213
AMA uyan p,altun d,ali a,AYDEMİR L,KIRŞAN N,ORHAN SUNGUR M,ÇAMÇI E Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi. . 2020; 1332 - 1342. 10.31202/ecjse.755213
Vancouver uyan p,altun d,ali a,AYDEMİR L,KIRŞAN N,ORHAN SUNGUR M,ÇAMÇI E Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi. . 2020; 1332 - 1342. 10.31202/ecjse.755213
IEEE uyan p,altun d,ali a,AYDEMİR L,KIRŞAN N,ORHAN SUNGUR M,ÇAMÇI E "Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi." , ss.1332 - 1342, 2020. 10.31202/ecjse.755213
ISNAD uyan, pınar vd. "Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi". (2020), 1332-1342. https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.755213
APA uyan p, altun d, ali a, AYDEMİR L, KIRŞAN N, ORHAN SUNGUR M, ÇAMÇI E (2020). Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi. El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering, 31(1), 1332 - 1342. 10.31202/ecjse.755213
Chicago uyan pınar,altun demet,ali achmet,AYDEMİR Levent,KIRŞAN Nil,ORHAN SUNGUR Mukadder,ÇAMÇI Emre Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi. El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering 31, no.1 (2020): 1332 - 1342. 10.31202/ecjse.755213
MLA uyan pınar,altun demet,ali achmet,AYDEMİR Levent,KIRŞAN Nil,ORHAN SUNGUR Mukadder,ÇAMÇI Emre Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi. El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering, vol.31, no.1, 2020, ss.1332 - 1342. 10.31202/ecjse.755213
AMA uyan p,altun d,ali a,AYDEMİR L,KIRŞAN N,ORHAN SUNGUR M,ÇAMÇI E Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi. El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering. 2020; 31(1): 1332 - 1342. 10.31202/ecjse.755213
Vancouver uyan p,altun d,ali a,AYDEMİR L,KIRŞAN N,ORHAN SUNGUR M,ÇAMÇI E Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi. El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering. 2020; 31(1): 1332 - 1342. 10.31202/ecjse.755213
IEEE uyan p,altun d,ali a,AYDEMİR L,KIRŞAN N,ORHAN SUNGUR M,ÇAMÇI E "Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi." El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering, 31, ss.1332 - 1342, 2020. 10.31202/ecjse.755213
ISNAD uyan, pınar vd. "Mikronaltı Boyutlu Başlangıç Tozuyla Üretilen Y2O3 Katkılı Si3N4 Seramiklerde Sinterleme Proses Çevriminin Termal İletkenliğe Etkisi". El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering 31/1 (2020), 1332-1342. https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.755213