Demonstrating diagnostic difficulty, overtraining syndrome is a systemic and complex disease. It is characterised by decreased performance, early fatigue, deterioration in sleep patterns and change in social behaviour when training load remains constant or increases. Contextual awareness in both athletes and staff in proximity such as trainers, conditioners, dietitians is amongst the most important factors in preventing and diagnosing the disease as there is no single laboratory parameter or physical examination finding for a definitive diagnosis. Monitoring the variables of the training programme has a critical role in terms of prevention and management. Similarly, data such as muscle pain, sleep quality, stress-causing external factors should be recorded. Improvement requires multi-faceted approach including nutrition, sleep and rest management as well as emotional support.