The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance

yıkılmaz, Ibrahim; Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu, Hülya; taşdemir, deniz devrim

doi:10.20409/berj.2021.316

The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance

İbrahim YIKILMAZ, (Kocaeli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi İşletme Bölümü Kocaeli, Türkiye)

Deniz Devrim TAŞDEMİR, (Girilmemişş)

Hülya Gündüz ÇEKMECELİOĞLU (Kocaeli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi İşletme Bölümü, Kocaeli, Türkiye)

Business and Economics Research Journal

5 3

Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 157 - 172 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.20409/berj.2021.316 İndeks Tarihi: 18-06-2021

The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance

Öz:

Within the organization and market environment, where the number ofbusinesses that provide services focused on a single culture is decreasing, the numberof multinational companies that appeal to different customer profiles is increasing, theborders and distances between organizations are reducing, and cultural intelligence andemotional labor concepts are becoming increasingly important in terms of providingvital outputs to organizations. In this study, the data obtained from 261 participantsfrom 50 countries serving for NATO in Afghanistan were evaluated. In the study, therelationship between cultural intelligence, emotional labor, and individual jobperformance, and the mediating role of emotional labor (surface, deep and genuineacting) in the relationship between cultural intelligence and job performance wereexamined. The results of the research show that in a multicultural work environmentconsisting of individuals from different countries and cultures, the cultural intelligencelevels of the employees affect their emotional labor behavior and individual jobperformance. The results also show that the two emotional labor subdimensions(surface and genuine acting) have a partial mediating effect in the relationship betweencultural intelligence and individual job performance. The study makes importantcontributions by addressing the exhibition of emotional labor specifically for publicofficials (providing security services) and by examining cultural intelligence as thepremise of emotional labor and, as a consequent, job performance in an internationalcultural context.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C. (2006). Personality correlates of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence. Group and Organization Management, 31(1), 100-123.
Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K. Y., Templar, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgement and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and Organization Review, 3(03), 335-71.
Ang, S., & Van Dyne, L. (2008). Conceptualization of cultural intelligence: Definition, distinctiveness, and nomological network. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications (3-15). New York, NY: Sharpe.
Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88-115.
Baluku, M. M., Kikooma, J. F., Bantu, E., Onderi, P., & Otto, K. (2019). Impact of personal cultural orientations and cultural intelligence on subjective success in self-employment in multi-ethnic societies. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(8).
Barakat, L. L., Lorenz, M. P., Ramsey, J. R., & Cretoiu, S. L. (2016). Global managers: An analysis of the impact of cultural intelligence on job satisfaction and performance. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 10(4), 781-800.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
Barner-Rasmussen, W., Ehrnrooth, M., Koveshnikov, A., & Mäkelä, K. (2014). Cultural and language skills as resources for boundary spanning within the MNC. Journal of International Business Studies, 45, 886-905.
Barrera, J. C. (2010). An examination of cross-cultural competence in international business: The case of the subsidiaries. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 9(1), 41-54.
Beğenirbaş, M., & Çalışkan, A. (2014). Duygusal emeğin iş performansı ve işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinde kişilerarası çarpıklığın aracılık rolü. Business and Economics Research Journal, 5(2), 109-127.
Bharwani, S., & Jauhari, V. (2013). An exploratory study of competencies required to co‐create memorable customer experiences in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25(6), 823-843.
Bollen, K. A., & Stine, R. (1990). Direct and indirect effects: Classical and bootstrap estimates of variability. Sociological Methodology, 20, 115-140.
Brotheridge, C. M., & Grandey, A. A. (2002). Emotional labor and burnout: Comparing two perspectives of “people work”. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60(1), 17-39.
Buckner, J. E. V. (2012). Emotional labor and authentic leadership. Doctoral Dissertation, Lousiana Tech University, USA.
Bücker, J. L. E., Furrer, O., Poutsma, E., & Buyens, D. (2014). The impact of cultural intelligence on communication effectiveness, job satisfaction and anxiety for Chinese host country managers working for foreign multinationals. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(14), 2068-2087.
Caputo, A., Ayoko, O. B., Amoo, N., & Menke, C. (2019). The relationship between cultural values, cultural intelligence and negotiation styles. Journal of Business Research, 99, 23-36.
Cervone, D., & Pervin, L. A. (2008). Personality: Theory and research (10th Ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chi, N. W., & Grandey, A. A. (2019). Emotional labor predicts service performance depending on activation and inhibition regulatory fit. Journal of Management, 45, 673-700.
Chu, K. H. L., & Murrmann, S. K. (2006). Development and validation of the hospitality emotional labor scale. Tourism Management, 27, 1181-1191.
Chuapetcharasopon, P. (2014). Emotional labour in the global context: The roles of intercultural and intracultural service encounters, intergroup anxiety, and cultural intelligence on surface acting. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Crowne, K. A. (2008). What leads to cultural intelligence? Business Horizons, 51(5), 391-399.
Çalışkan, S. C., Ünal, Z. M., Kalafatoğlu, Y., Üçler, Ç., & Akün, F. A. (2015). Yöneticilerin algılanan kültürel zekâsı, çalışanın farklılık iklimi algısı, gelişime açıklık ve örgütsel sinizm etkileşimi üzerine turizm sektöründe bir araştırma. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 2(1), 1-11.
Dahling, J. J., & Johnson, H. M. (2013). Motivation, Fit, Confidence, and Skills: How Do Individual Differences Influence Emotional Labor? In A. Grandey, J. Diefendorff & D. Rupp (Eds.), Emotional labor in the 21st century: Diverse perspectives on emotion regulation at work (57–78). London and Newyork: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Daus, C. S., & Brown, S. (2012). The emotion work of police. In H. Zerbe (Eds.), Experiencing and managing emotions in the workplace. Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited.
Depaula, P. D., Azzollini, S. C., Cosentino, A. C., & Castillo, S. E. (2016). Personality, character strengths and cultural intelligence: “Extraversion” or “openness” as further factors associated to the cultural skills. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 34(2), 415-436.
Diefendorff, J. M., Croyle, M. H., & Gosserand, R. H. (2005). The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(2), 339-357.
Elenkov, D. S., & Manev, I. M. (2009). Senior expatriate leadership's effects on innovation and the role of cultural intelligence. Journal of World Business, 44(4), 357-369.
Erickson, R. J., & Stacey, C. L. (2013). Attending to mind and body: Engaging the complexity of emotion practice among caring professionals. In A. A. Grandey, J. M. Diefendorff & D. E. Rupp (Eds.), Emotional labor in the 21st century: Diverse perspectives on emotion regulation at work (pp. 175-196). New York, NY: Psychology Press/Routledge.
Eskandarpur, B., Nazari, G., Vejdan, R., & Tohidi, A. (2013). The study of the relationship between cultural intelligence and organizational commitment. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3(1), 823-829.
Fang, F., Schei, V., & Selart, M. (2018). Hype or hope? A new look at the research on cultural intelligence. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 66, 148-171.
Fritz, M., & MacKinnon, D. (2007). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychological Science, 18(3), 233- 239.
Goldberg, L. S., & Grandey, A. A. (2007). Display rules versus display autonomy: Emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and task performance in a call center simulation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12, 301- 318.
Goodwin, R. E., Groth, M., & Frenkel, S. J. (2011). Relationships between emotional labor, job performance, and turnover. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 538-548.
Grandey, A. A. (2003). When the show must go on: Surface acting and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 86-96.
Grandey, A. A. (2000). Emotional regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 95-110.
Grandey, A. A., Fisk, G. M., Mattila, A. S., Jansen, K. J., & Sideman, L. A. (2005). Is “service with a smile” enough? Authenticity of positive displays during service encounters. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 96, 38-55.
Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent and response focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 224-237.
Groves, K. S., & Feyerherm, A. E. (2011). Leader cultural intelligence in context: Testing the moderating effects of team cultural diversity on leader and team performance. Group and Organization Management, 36(5), 535-566.
Guy, M. E., Newman, M. A., Mastracci, S. H. (2014). Emotional labor: Putting the service in public service. London and Newyork: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Hadi, N., Abdullah, N., & Sentosa, I. (2016). Making sense of mediating analysis: A marketing perspective. Review of Integrative Business & Economics Research, 5, 62-76.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). CA: Thousands Oaks, Sage.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. SAGE publications.
Harrison, N. (2012). Investigating the impact of personality and early life experiences on intercultural interaction in internationalised universities. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(2), 224-237.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Methodology in the social sciences. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press.
Hayes, A. F., Montoya, A. K., & Rockwood, N. J. (2017). The analysis of mechanisms and their contingencies: PROCESS versus structural equation modeling. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 25(1), 76-81.
Hochschild, A. R. (1979). Emotion work, feeling rules, and social structure. American Journal of Sociology, 85(3), 551- 575.
Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Jyoti, J., & Kour, S. (2015). Assessing the cultural intelligence and task performance equation. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 22(2), 236-258.
J-MHAT 7 Report (2011). Joint Mental Health Advisory Team 7 (J-MHAT 7) Operation Enduring Freedom 2010 Afghanistan. Avaliable at: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a543 997.pdf (Access Date: 10.11.2020).
Kim, T., Yoo, J., Lee, G., & Kim, J. (2012). Emotional intelligence and emotional labor acting strategies among frontline hotel employees. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24, 1029-1046.
Kirkman, B. L., & Rosen, B. (1999). Beyond self-management: Antecedents and consequences of team empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 58-74.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Methodology in the social sciences. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
Kong, L. L., Ma, Z. Q., Ji, S. H., & Li, J. (2020). The mediating effect of empathy on the relationship between cultural intelligence and intercultural adaptation in intercultural service encounters. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(2), 169-180.
Kour, S., & Sharma, S. (2017). Examining the impact of personality traits on cultural intelligence. Pacific Business Review International, 10(6), 77-84.
Kurpis, L. H., & Hunter, J. (2017). Developing students' cultural intelligence through an experiential learning activity: A cross-cultural consumer behavior interview. Journal of Marketing Education, 39(1), 30-46.
Lee, H. E. (2015). Does a server’s attentiveness matter? Understanding intercultural service encounters in restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 50, 134-144.
Lenartowicz, T., Johnson, J. P., & Konopaske, R. (2014). The application of learning theories to improve cross-cultural training programs in MNCs. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25, 1697-1719.
Li, M., Mobley, W. H., & Kelly, A. (2013). When do global leaders learn best to develop cultural intelligence? An investigation of the moderating role of experiential learning style. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 12(1), 32-50.
Livermore, D. (2011). The cultural intelligence difference master the one skill you can’t do without in today’s global economy. New York: Amacom.
Lorenz, M., Ramsey, J., & Richey, R. (2018). Expatriates’ international opportunity recognition and innovativeness: The role of metacognitive and cognitive cultural intelligence. Journal of World Business, 53, 222-236.
Lustig, M. W., & Koester, J. (2006). Intercultural competence: Interpersonal communication across cultures (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
McCance, A. S. (2010). Emotional labor in intercultural service encounters: An experience sampling study. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
McCance, A. S., & Tunguz, S. (2010). Emotion regulation training reaps psychological and organizational rewards. Paper presented at the 25th annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Atlanta, GA.
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2011). Construct measurement and validation procedures in MIS and behavioral research: Integrating new and existing techniques. MIS Quarterly, 35(2), 293-334.
Mesquita, B., & Albert, D. (2007). The cultural regulation of emotions. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 486-503). The Guilford Press.
Mesquita, B., & Delvaux, E. (2013). A cultural perspective on emotion labor. In A. Grandey, J. Diefendorff, & D. Rupp (Eds.), Emotional labor in the 21st century: Diverse perspectives on emotion regulation at work (pp. 251–272) London and Newyork: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group
Morris, J. A., & Feldman, D. C. (1996). The dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of emotional labor. Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 986-1010.
NATO and Afganistan. (2020). Avaliable at https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_8189 (Access Date: 10.11.2020).
Ng, Y., & Earley, C. 2006. Culture intelligence: Old constructs, new frontiers. Group and Organization Management, 31(1), 4.
O’Dowd, R. (2018). Intercultural communicative competence and technology. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
Ott, D. L., & Michailova, S. (2016). Cultural intelligence: A review and new research avenues. International Journal of Management Reviews, 20(1), 99-119.
Özdil, S. O., & Kutlu, O. (2019). Investigation of the mediator variable effect using BK, Sobel and Bootstrap methods (Mathematical Literacy Case). International Journal of Progressive Education, 15(2), 30-43.
Pardo, A., & Roman, M. (2013). Reflections on the Baron and Kenny model of statistical mediation. Anales de psicologia, 29(2), 614-623.
Parker, B. (2005). Introduction to globalization and business: Relationships and responsibilities. London: SAGE.
Pekerti, A. A., & Arli, D. (2017). Do cultural and generational cohorts matter to ideologies and consumer ethics? A comparative study of Australians, Indonesians, and Indonesian migrants in Australia. Journal of Business Ethics, 143(2), 387-404.
Peterson, B. (2004). Cultural intelligence: A guide to working with people from other cultures. Yarmouth: Intercultural Press.
Planken, B., Van Hooft, A., & Korzilius, H. (2004). Promoting intercultural communicative competence through foreign language courses. Business Communication Quarterly, 67(3), 308-315.
Prati, L. M. (2004). Emotional intelligence as a facilitator of the emotional labor process. Doctoral Dissertation, The Florida State University, Tallahassee.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36, 717-731.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-889.
Presbitero, A. (2019). Foreign language skill, anxiety, cultural intelligence and individual task performance in global virtual teams: A cognitive perspective. Journal of International Management, 100729. doi:10.1016/j.intman.2019.100729
Richards, J. M., & Gross, J. J. (1999). Composure at any cost? The cognitive consequences of emotion suppression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1033-1044.
Rose, R. C., Ramalu, S. S., Uli, J., & Kumar, N. (2010). Expatriate performance in international assignments: The role of cultural intelligence as dynamic intercultural competency. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(8), 76-85.
Rupp, D. E., McCance, A. S., Spencer, S., & Sonntag, K. (2008). Customer (in) justice and emotional labor: The role of perspective taking, anger, and emotional regulation. Journal of Management, 34(5), 903-924.
Salleh, N. (2014). Emotional labor in the cross-cultural setting. Doctoral Dissertation, Institut Teknologi Brunei (ITB), Brunei Darussalam. Schwarzenthal, M., Juang, L. P., Schachner, M. K., van de Vijver, F. J. R., &
Handrick, A. (2017). From tolerance to understanding: Exploring the development of intercultural competence in multiethnic contexts from early to late adolescence. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 27(5), 388-399.
Schaible, L. M., & Six, M., 2016. Emotional strategies of police and their varying consequences for burnout. Police Quarterly, 19(1), 3-31.
Shaffer, M. A., Harrison, D. A., Gregersen, H., Black, J. S., & Ferdandi, L. A. (2006). You can take it with you: Individual differences and expatriate effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(1), 109-125.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445
Stanley, E. A., & Larsen, K. L. (2019). Difficulties with emotion regulation in the contemporary U.S. armed forces: Structural contributors and potential solutions. Armed Forces & Society, 0095327X1984801. doi:10.1177/0095327x19848018
Sigler, T. H., & Pearson, C. M. (2000). Creating an empowering culture: examining the relationship between organizational culture and perceptions of empowerment. Journal of Quality Management, 5, 27-52.
Sürücü, L., & Sürücü, D. (2020) Organizational Culture and Demographic Characteristics of Employees, Journal of Business Research-Turk, 12(2), 1046-1057.
Sürücü, L., & Maslakçı, A. (2020). Validity and reliability in quantitative research. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(3), 2694-2726.
Şahin, F. (2011). Liderin kültürel zekâsının astların örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ile iş doyumu üzerine etkisi. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 80-104.
Tay, C., Westman, M., & Chia, A. (2008). Antecedents and consequences of cultural intelligence among short-term business travelers. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds.). Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications (pp. 126-144). New York: M. E. Sharpe.
Telli, A., & Zehir, C. (2016). Examining the effect of cultural differences measuring with cultural intelligence scale (cqs) on employee’s job satisfaction in multi-cultural companies. Research Journal of Business and Management, 3(4), 267-267.
Teng, H. Y. (2019). Job crafting and customer service behaviors in the hospitality industry: Mediating effect of job passion. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 81, 34-42.
Tice, D. M., & Bratslavsky, E. (2000). Given in to feel good: The place of emotion regulation in the context of general self-control. Psychological Inquiry, 11(3), 149-159.
Totterdell, P., & Holman, D. (2003). Emotion regulation in customer service roles: Testing a model of emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8, 55-73.
Triandis, H. C. (2006). Cultural intelligence in organisations. Group and Organisations Management, 31(1), 20-26.
Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Koh, C. (2008). Development and validation of the CQS: The Cultural Intelligence Scale. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook on cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement and applications (pp. 16-38). NewYork, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
Van Gelderen, B. (2013). At the heart of policing emotional labor among police officers. Doctoral Dissertation, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Nederland.
Wang, M. (2016). Effects of expatriates’ cultural intelligence on cross-cultural adjustment and job performance. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, 55, 231-243.
Wharton, A. S., & Erickson, R. I. (1993). Managing emotions on the job and at home: Understanding the consequences of multiple emotional roles. Academy of Management Review, 18(3), 457-486.
White, R. D. (1999). Managing the diverse organization: The imperative for a new multicultural paradigm. Public Administration & Management: An Interactive Journal, 4(4), 469-493.
Wood, E. D., & St. Peters, H. Y. (2014). Short-term cross-cultural study tours: Impact on cultural intelligence. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25, 558-570.
Xu, X. J., & Chen, X. P. (2017). Unlocking expatriates job creativity: The role of cultural learning, and metacognitive and motivational cultural intelligence. Management and Organization Review, 13(4), 767-794.
Yıldız, H. (2016). The relationship among cultural intelligence entrepreneurship orientation and innovative behaviors. Eurasian Academy of Sciences Eurasian Business and Economics Journal, 1, 90-101.

APA	yıkılmaz I, taşdemir d, Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu H (2021). The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance. , 157 - 172. 10.20409/berj.2021.316
Chicago	yıkılmaz Ibrahim,taşdemir deniz devrim,Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu Hülya The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance. (2021): 157 - 172. 10.20409/berj.2021.316
MLA	yıkılmaz Ibrahim,taşdemir deniz devrim,Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu Hülya The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance. , 2021, ss.157 - 172. 10.20409/berj.2021.316
AMA	yıkılmaz I,taşdemir d,Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu H The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance. . 2021; 157 - 172. 10.20409/berj.2021.316
Vancouver	yıkılmaz I,taşdemir d,Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu H The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance. . 2021; 157 - 172. 10.20409/berj.2021.316
IEEE	yıkılmaz I,taşdemir d,Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu H "The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance." , ss.157 - 172, 2021. 10.20409/berj.2021.316
ISNAD	yıkılmaz, Ibrahim vd. "The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance". (2021), 157-172. https://doi.org/10.20409/berj.2021.316

APA	yıkılmaz I, taşdemir d, Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu H (2021). The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance. Business and Economics Research Journal, 12(1), 157 - 172. 10.20409/berj.2021.316
Chicago	yıkılmaz Ibrahim,taşdemir deniz devrim,Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu Hülya The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance. Business and Economics Research Journal 12, no.1 (2021): 157 - 172. 10.20409/berj.2021.316
MLA	yıkılmaz Ibrahim,taşdemir deniz devrim,Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu Hülya The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance. Business and Economics Research Journal, vol.12, no.1, 2021, ss.157 - 172. 10.20409/berj.2021.316
AMA	yıkılmaz I,taşdemir d,Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu H The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance. Business and Economics Research Journal. 2021; 12(1): 157 - 172. 10.20409/berj.2021.316
Vancouver	yıkılmaz I,taşdemir d,Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu H The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance. Business and Economics Research Journal. 2021; 12(1): 157 - 172. 10.20409/berj.2021.316
IEEE	yıkılmaz I,taşdemir d,Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu H "The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance." Business and Economics Research Journal, 12, ss.157 - 172, 2021. 10.20409/berj.2021.316
ISNAD	yıkılmaz, Ibrahim vd. "The Assessment of The Intermediation Role of Emotional Labor Dimensions in The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Individual Work Performance". Business and Economics Research Journal 12/1 (2021), 157-172. https://doi.org/10.20409/berj.2021.316