Air pollution is known to influence human health and climate change to a serious degree. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of outdoor air pollution related to $NO_2$ on mortality measures in the province of Erzurum between the years 2016-2018. In this ecological study, $NO_2$ levels were obtained from the official website of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (www.havaizleme.gov.tr) for the dates 01.01.2016-31.12.2018, collecting information from the stations located in the area. Annual $NO_2$ averages were calculated by summing the annual averages of the stations that acquired adequate data and dividing this sum by the number of stations. Data were then entered into the AIRQ + software and the number of deaths, death percentages and rates in hundred thousand people that could have been prevented by lowering the pollution levels to WHO limits were calculated. Based on the measurements of the stations whose NO2 averages were above 90% in Erzurum province annually; the averages were calculated as 47.99 μg/m3 in 2016, 54.13 μg/$m^{3}$ in 2017 and 42.21 μg/$m^{3}$ in 2018. The number of deaths attributable to nitrogen dioxide-induced air pollution was 442 (lowest 213, highest 662) in 2016, 516 (lowest 250, highest 768) in 2017 and 336 (lowest 161, highest 506) in 2018. $NO_2$-related air pollution influence the health of the Erzurum’s population and increase the disease burden; thus, air pollution must be treated as a serious public health concern. Measures should be taken to keep $NO_2$ concentrations at the lowest possible levels and its impact on the environment and health should be better assessed.