İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler

YAHYA, MEVLA; Yörük, Aslı

doi:10.7816/nesne-09-21-13

İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler

Aslı YÖRÜK, (Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye)

Mevla YAHYA (İstanbul Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Nesne Dergisi

8 3

Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 21 Sayfa Aralığı: 696 - 723 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.7816/nesne-09-21-13 İndeks Tarihi: 20-05-2022

İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler

Öz:

Bu çalışmada, iki ve tek dilli çocukları yönetici işlev performansı bakımından karşılaştıran, son 10 yılda yayınlanmış çalışmalar derlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda 27 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğunda iki dilli çocuklarda “kısmi” yönetici işlev avantajı (aynı çalışma içinde bazı görevlerde avantaj varken bazı görevlerde avantaj yoktur) rapor edildiği görülmüştür. Buradan hareketle, iki dilli çocuklarda yönetici işlev avantajının genel bir avantaj mı yoksa sadece belirli bir yönetici işlev görevi özelinde ortaya çıkan bir avantaj mı olduğu detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Bu değerlendirme sonucunda, çocuklarda iki dillilik avantajının belirli bir yönetici işlev paradigmasına ya da yönetici işlev görevi sınıflamasına özgü olmadığı görülmüştür. Alan yazındaki tutarsız sonuçları açıklayabilmek amacıyla, iki dilli çocukların yönetici işlev becerilerini inceleyen çalışmaların sonucunu etkilediği düşünülen belirli moderatör faktörler (ikinci dilin edinim yaşı, dil yeterliği, dilin kullanım sıklığı ve kullanıldığı bağlam, azınlık olma durumu ve sosyo-ekonomik durum) değerlendirilmiş ve tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak iki dillilik avantajının, tek bir yönetici işlev görevi özelinde değil, genel yönetici işlev sistemine ilişkin olduğu, ancak iki dillilik çalışmalarında göz ardı edilen moderatör faktörler nedeniyle her zaman gösterilemediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, alan yazında daha net bulgulara ulaşılabilmesi için gelecekte iki ve tek dilli çocukları yönetici işlev performansı bakımından karşılaştıracak çalışmalara yönelik bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelime:

A General Overview on the Effect of Bilingualism on Executive Function Skills in Children: Inconsistent Results and Moderator Factors

Öz:

In this study, we reviewed recent studies comparing executive function performance of bi and monolingual children. In that respect, we came across 27 studies. Most of these studies report “partial” executive function advantage for bilingual children (i.e., a bilingual advantage is reported only for some tasks within the same study). In this regard, we examined in detail whether the executive function advantage in bilingual children is general or this advantage appears only in specific executive function tasks. Upon this evaluation, we observed that the bilingual advantage is not specific to a particular executive function paradigm or executive function task classification. To better explain these inconsistencies, we assessed and discussed the moderator factors (i.e., second language age of acquisition, language proficiency, language exposure, language interactional context, minority status, and socioeconomic status) that potentially could affect the outcome of studies examining the executive function skills of bilingual children. We concluded that the bilingual advantage on executive functions is linked to the general executive function system rather than a single executive function task; however, these effects cannot consistently be demonstrated due to the ignored moderator factors. Thus, to obtain more precise results, we offered suggestions for future studies that will compare bi and monolingual children on executive function performance.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	Yörük A, YAHYA M (2021). İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler. , 696 - 723. 10.7816/nesne-09-21-13
Chicago	Yörük Aslı,YAHYA MEVLA İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler. (2021): 696 - 723. 10.7816/nesne-09-21-13
MLA	Yörük Aslı,YAHYA MEVLA İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler. , 2021, ss.696 - 723. 10.7816/nesne-09-21-13
AMA	Yörük A,YAHYA M İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler. . 2021; 696 - 723. 10.7816/nesne-09-21-13
Vancouver	Yörük A,YAHYA M İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler. . 2021; 696 - 723. 10.7816/nesne-09-21-13
IEEE	Yörük A,YAHYA M "İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler." , ss.696 - 723, 2021. 10.7816/nesne-09-21-13
ISNAD	Yörük, Aslı - YAHYA, MEVLA. "İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler". (2021), 696-723. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-09-21-13

APA	Yörük A, YAHYA M (2021). İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler. Nesne Dergisi, 9(21), 696 - 723. 10.7816/nesne-09-21-13
Chicago	Yörük Aslı,YAHYA MEVLA İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler. Nesne Dergisi 9, no.21 (2021): 696 - 723. 10.7816/nesne-09-21-13
MLA	Yörük Aslı,YAHYA MEVLA İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler. Nesne Dergisi, vol.9, no.21, 2021, ss.696 - 723. 10.7816/nesne-09-21-13
AMA	Yörük A,YAHYA M İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler. Nesne Dergisi. 2021; 9(21): 696 - 723. 10.7816/nesne-09-21-13
Vancouver	Yörük A,YAHYA M İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler. Nesne Dergisi. 2021; 9(21): 696 - 723. 10.7816/nesne-09-21-13
IEEE	Yörük A,YAHYA M "İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler." Nesne Dergisi, 9, ss.696 - 723, 2021. 10.7816/nesne-09-21-13
ISNAD	Yörük, Aslı - YAHYA, MEVLA. "İki Dilliliğin Çocukların Yönetici İşlev Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisine Genel Bir Bakış: Tutarsız Sonuçlar ve Moderatör Faktörler". Nesne Dergisi 9/21 (2021), 696-723. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-09-21-13