Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 148 - 154 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 İndeks Tarihi: 05-06-2022
Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Öz: Objective: The presence of comorbid psychiatric conditions in chronic diseases makes the management of the
disease difficult. Our study, we aimed to examine the
relationship between psychiatric comorbid conditions
and glycemic control in children and adolescents with
Type 1 Diabetes. Method: In our study, depending on
the number of patients, good and moderate controls
were evaluated as a single group, and HbA1c levels of
8.5 and below were included in this group. Children for
Depression Inventory (CDI), Screen for Child AnxietyRelated Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Turgay Child and
Adolescent Behavioral Disorders Based on DSM-IV
Screening and Evaluation Scale were applied. The case
and parents were evaluated with K-SADS-PL.Among 778
diabetic patients who were followed up in the pediatric
endocrinology clinic, 73 cases between the ages of 8 and
17 who were followed up regularly, who did not have
any comorbidities and who accepted to participate in
the study were evaluated psychiatrically. Results: Of the
73 cases included in the study, 29 were accepted as the
patients with good glycemic control (HbA1c≤8.5 mg /
dl), and 44 as with poor glycemic control (HbA1c>
8.5mg / dl). In cases with poor glycemic control, parents'
education level and income level were significantly
lower, while the rate of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder and psychopathology was significantly higher.
Discussion: The findings of this study revealed that
there are many factors affecting glycemic control and
there is a strong relationship between glycemic control
and psychopathologies.
Anahtar Kelime: Tip 1 diabetes mellituslu çocuk ve ergenlerde komorbid psikopatolojileringlisemik kontrol üzerine etkisinin araştırılması
Öz: Amaç: Kronik hastalıklarda eşlik eden psikiyatrik
durumların varlığı, hastalığın yönetimini
zorlaştırmaktadır. Çalışmamızda Tip 1 Diyabetli çocuk ve
ergenlerde psikiyatrik eştanı durumları ile glisemik
kontrol arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçladık. Yöntem:
Çalışmamızda hasta sayısına bağlı olarak iyi ve orta
kontroller tek grup olarak değerlendirildi, HbA1c düzeyi
8.5 ve altında olan olgular bu gruba dahil edildi.
Çocuklar İçin Depresyon Ölçeği (ÇDÖ), Çocuklarda
Anksiyete Tarama Ölçeği (ÇATÖ), Turgay Çocuk ve Ergen
Davranış Bozuklukları DSM-IV'e Göre Tarama ve
Değerlendirme Ölçeği uygulandı. Olgu ve ebeveynleri KSADS-PL ile değerlendirildi. Çocuk endokrinoloji
polikliniğinde takip edilen 778 diyabetik hastadan 8-17
yaşları arasında düzenli takipleri yapılan, ek hastalığı
olmayan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 73 olgu
psikiyatrik olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya
alınan 73 olgunun 29'u glisemik kontrolü iyi (HbA1c≤8.5
mg/dl), 44'ü glisemik kontrolü kötü (HbA1c> 8.5mg/dl)
olarak kabul edildi. Glisemik kontrolü zayıf olan olgularda anne-baba eğitim düzeyi ve gelir düzeyi anlamlı
olarak daha düşük, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite
bozukluğu, majör depresif bozukluk, sosyal anksiyete
bozukluğu ve psikopatoloji oranları anlamlı olarak daha
yüksekti. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın bulguları, glisemik
kontrolü etkileyen bir çok faktör olduğunu ve glisemik
kontrol ve psikopatolojiler arasında güçlü bir ilişki
olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Yeşilkaya E, Cinaz P, Andıran N, Bideci A, Hatun Ş, Sarı E, Türker T, Akgül Ö, Saldır M, Kılıçaslan H, Açıkel C, Craig ME. First report on the nationwide incidence and prevalence of Type 1 diabetes among children in Turkey. Diabet Med 2017; 34(3):405-410. doi: 10.1111/dme.13063.
- 2. Demirbilek H, Özbek MN, Baran RT. Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Turkish Children from the Southeastern Region of the Country: A Regional Report. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2013;5(2):98-103. DOI: 10.4274/Jcrpe.954.
- 3. Dybdal D, Tolstrup JS, Sildorf SM, Boisen KA, Svensson J, Skovgaard AM, Teilmann GK. Increasing risk of psychiatric morbidity after childhood onset type 1 diabetes: a populationbased cohort study. Diabetologia 2018; 61: 831-8. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4517-7.
- 4. Bernstein CM, Stockwell MS, Gallagher MP, Rosenthal SL, Soren K. Mental Health Issues in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. Clinical Pediatrics, 2012;52:(1),10–15. doi:10.1177/0009922812459950
- 5. McGrady ME, Laffel L, Drotar D, Repaske D, Hood KK. Depressive symptoms and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: mediational role of blood glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 804-6.
- 6. Cabral MDI, Liu S, Soares N. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, risk factors and evaluation in youth. Transl Pediatr 2020;9(1):104-S113. doi: 10.21037/tp.2019.09.08.
- 7. Hilgard D, Konrad K, Meusers M, Hilgard D, Konrad K, Meusers M, Bartus B, Otto KP, Lepler R, Schober E, Bollow E, Hollet RW. German/Austrian DPV Study Group, the Working Group on Psychiatric, Psychotherapeutic Psychological Aspects of Paediatric Diabetology (PPAG e.V.) and the BMBF Competence Network Diabetes, GermanyComorbidity of attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder and type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents:Analysis based on the multicentre DPV registry. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:706-713.
- 8. Yazar A, Akın F, Akça ÖF, Eklioğlu BS, Türe E, Coşkun F, Atabek ME. The effect of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric disorders on the treatment of pediatric diabetes mellitus. Pediatric diabetes 2019; 20(3): 345-352.
- 9. Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P, Williamson D, Ryan N. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:980-988.
- 10. Unal F, Oktem F, Cuhadaroglu C, Çengel Kültür ES, Akdemir D, Foto Özdemir D, Çak HT, Ünal D, Tıraş K, Aslan C, Kalaycı BM, Aydos BS, Kütük F, Emine Taşyürek, Karaokur R, Karabucak B, Karakök B, Karaer Y, Artık A. Reliability and validity study of Turkish version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (KSADS-PL) adjusted for DSM5. Paper presented at: 28th National Child and Adolescent Mental Health Congress. May 3-7, 2018, lstanbul, Turkey.
- 11. Kovacs M. Rating scale to assess depression in school aged children. Acta Paedo psychiat 1981; 46: 305-15.
- 12. Öykü B. Çocuklar İçin Depresyon Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1991; 2: 132-6.
- 13. Birmaher B, Brent DA, Chiappetta L, Bridge J, Monga S, Baugher M. Psychometric properties of the screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): A replication study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999; 38: 1230- 6.
- 14. Çakmakçı FK. Çocuklarda anksiyete bozukluklarını tarama ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 2004; 11: 2.
- 15. Turgay A. Turgay Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Davranım Bozuklukları için DSM IV’e Dayalı Tarama ve Değerlendirme Ölçeği (yayınlanmamış ölçek),Toronto,Kanada : İntegrative Therapy İnstitute; 1995
- 16. Ercan ES, Amado S, Somer O, Çıkoğlu S. Dikkat Eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve Yıkıcı davranış bozuklukları için bir test bataryası geliştirme çabası. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 2001; 8(3):132-44.
- 17. Sildorf Stine M. Nina Breinegaard, Emilie B. Lindkvist, Janne S. Tolstrup, Kirsten A. Boisen, Grete K. Teilmann, Anne Mette Skovgaard, Jannet Svensson. Poor Metabolic Control in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes and Psychiatric Comorbidity Diabetes Care 2018; 41:2289–2296. | https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0609.
- 18. Abdulrahman Nasser Al-Odayani, Omar Zayyan Alsharqi Ala'Eddin Mohammad Khalaf Ahmad Abdulrahman Khazim Al-Asmari , Hussein Mohammad Al-Borie Ameerah M.N. Qattan. Children’s Glycemic Control: Mother’s Knowledge and Socioeconomic Status. Glob J Health Sci 2013; 5(6):214–226. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v5n6p214
- 19. Zuckerman-Levin N, Dabaja-Younis H, Ameer E, Cohen M, Maor Y, Shehadeh N. Effect of socioeconomic status and ethnicity on glycemic control in Arab and Jewish Youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2018; 2:1-8.
- 20. Anne Haugstvedt, Tore Wentzel-Larsen, Berit Rokne, and Marit Graue. Psychosocial family factors and glycemic control among children aged 1-15 years with type 1 diabetes: a population-based survey. BMC Pediatr. 2011; 11: 118. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-11-118
- 21. Baharvand P, Hormozi M. Can parents’ educational level and occupation affect perceived parental support and metabolic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes? J Educ Health Promot 2019; 8: 11. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_215_18
- 22. Alassaf A, Odeh R, Gharaibeh L, Ibrahim S, Ajlouni K. Impact of Socioeconomic Characteristics on Metabolic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes in a Developing Country. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2019; 11(4):358-365. DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0014
- 23. Fleming M, Fitton CA, Steiner MFC, McLay JS, Clark D, King A, Lindsay RS, Mackay DF, Pell JP. Educational and Health Outcomes of Children Treated for Type 1 Diabetes: Scotland-Wide Record Linkage Study of 766,047 Children. Diabetes Care. 2019; 42(9):1700-1707. doi: 10.2337/dc18-2423
- 24. Cooper MN, McNamara KAR, de Klerk NH, Davis EA, Jones TW. School performance in children with type 1 diabetes: a contemporary population-based study.Pediatric Diabetes 2016; 17: 101–111.
- 25. Butwicka A, Frisén L, Almqvist C, Zethelius B, Lichtenstein P. Risks of Psychiatric Disorders and Suicide Attempts in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A PopulationBased Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2015; 38(3): 453–459.
- 26. Khandelwal S, Sengar GS, Sharma M, Choudhary S, Nagaraj N. Psychosocial Illness in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10(9):05–08. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/21666.8549
- 27. Yilmaz Kafali H, Atik Altinok Y, Ozbaran B, Ozen S, Kose S, Tahillioglu A, Goksen D. Exploring emotional dysregulation characteristics and comorbid psychiatric disorders in type 1 diabetic children with disordered eating behavior risk. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2020; 131: 109960. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109960
- 28. Hilliard ME, Herzer M, Lawrence M. Dolan M, Hood KK. Psychological screening in adolescents with type 1 diabetes predicts outcomes one year later. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011; 94(1): 39–44.
- 29. Ceylan Ç, Altay N. Social Anxiety Levels and Associated Factors Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Compared With Healthy Peers. J Spec Pediatr Nurs 2017; 22(1) doi: 10.1111/jspn.12172.
- 30. Law GU, Kelly TP, Huey D, Summerbell C. SelfManagement and well-being in adolescents with diabetes mellitus: Do illness representations play a regulatory role? Journal of Adolescent Health 2002; 31:381–385. doi:10.1016/S1054- 139X(02)00397-X
APA | kardas b, kardas o, demiral m, unal e, Ozbek M (2022). Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. , 148 - 154. 10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |
Chicago | kardas burcu,kardas omer,demiral meliha,unal edip,Ozbek Mehmet Nuri Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. (2022): 148 - 154. 10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |
MLA | kardas burcu,kardas omer,demiral meliha,unal edip,Ozbek Mehmet Nuri Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. , 2022, ss.148 - 154. 10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |
AMA | kardas b,kardas o,demiral m,unal e,Ozbek M Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. . 2022; 148 - 154. 10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |
Vancouver | kardas b,kardas o,demiral m,unal e,Ozbek M Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. . 2022; 148 - 154. 10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |
IEEE | kardas b,kardas o,demiral m,unal e,Ozbek M "Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus." , ss.148 - 154, 2022. 10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |
ISNAD | kardas, burcu vd. "Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus". (2022), 148-154. https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |
APA | kardas b, kardas o, demiral m, unal e, Ozbek M (2022). Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 25(2), 148 - 154. 10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |
Chicago | kardas burcu,kardas omer,demiral meliha,unal edip,Ozbek Mehmet Nuri Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 25, no.2 (2022): 148 - 154. 10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |
MLA | kardas burcu,kardas omer,demiral meliha,unal edip,Ozbek Mehmet Nuri Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, vol.25, no.2, 2022, ss.148 - 154. 10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |
AMA | kardas b,kardas o,demiral m,unal e,Ozbek M Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2022; 25(2): 148 - 154. 10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |
Vancouver | kardas b,kardas o,demiral m,unal e,Ozbek M Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2022; 25(2): 148 - 154. 10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |
IEEE | kardas b,kardas o,demiral m,unal e,Ozbek M "Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus." Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 25, ss.148 - 154, 2022. 10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |
ISNAD | kardas, burcu vd. "Investigation of the effect of comorbid psychopathologies on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus". Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 25/2 (2022), 148-154. https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2022.44712 |