Araştırmada öğretmen görüşlerine göre, lider üye etkileşimi kalitesi ve duygusal iyi oluş arasında ilişki olup olmadığını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. İlişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanan araştırmanın çalışma evrenini 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılında İstanbul İli Esenyurt ilçesinde bulunan ortaokullarda görev yapan 3400, örneklemini ise, basit tesadüfi örnekleme yoluyla belirlenmiş 342 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında, Lider-üye etkileşimi Kalitesi Ölçeği ve İş Yerinde Duygusal İyi Oluş Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri normal dağılım göstermediğinden non parametrik testlerden yaralanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, öğretmenlerin lider-üye etkileşim kalitesine yönelik algıları yüksek düzeyde duygusal iyi oluş algılarının sık sık düzeyindedir. Araştırmada, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi ve mevcut okulunda çalışma süresi değişkenlerine göre öğretmenlerin lider-üye etkileşimi kalitesi ve duygusal iyi oluşa yönelik algılarında anlamlı farklılık olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kıdem değişkeni, öğretmenlerin lider-üye etkileşimi kalitesi algılarında anlamlı farklılık oluşturmazken, duygusal iyi oluş algılarında anlamlı farklılık oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada mevcut okul müdürüyle çalışma süresi farklı olan öğretmenlerin lider-üye etkileşimi kalitesi ve duygusal iyi oluş algılarında anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu; lider-üye etkileşimi kalitesi ve duygusal iyi oluş arasında orta düzeyde pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Dolayısıyla okul yöneticileri okulda lider-üye etkileşimini geliştirecek saygı, işbirliği ve paylaşmanın hakim olduğu bir okul kültür ve ikliminin oluşması için açık, sağlıklı, olumlu ve işlevsel bir iletişim sistemi oluşturmalıdır

The current study, as episode two, focused on the latest status of gastrointestinal, urinary tract, and hepatobiliary diseases, which might be induced by stress in cats following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Hatay province in Türkiye. The study looked at post-pandemic (June 2021–June 2022) diagnosis data of cats with gastrointestinal, urinary tract, and hepatobiliary diseases (n: 147), admitted to Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Veterinary Health, Practice, and Research Center. The average age of the cats admitted to the clinic was 33.04 ± 2.77 months in post-pandemic period. The ages of the cats diagnosed with gastrointestinal, urinary tract and hepatobiliary diseases were 27.78 ± 4.33, 38.04 ± 3.95, and 40.12 ± 6.27, respectively. There were no breed and sex difference for diseases diagnosed in post-pandemic duration. Distributions of gastrointestinal, urinary, and hepatobiliary diseases were determined as 51.0%, 37.4%, and 11.6%, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the cat breeds that presented to the clinic in terms of gastrointestinal, urinary, and hepatobiliary diseases. Gastroenteritis (40%), gastritis (17.33%), and unconfirmed and suspected Feline inflammatory bowel disease (13.33%) are more diagnosed digestive system diseases. Cystitis (54.54%) and hemorrhagic cystitis (32.72%) were commonly diagnosed in urinary diseases. Besides, cholangiohepatitis was commonly diagnosed either alone (41.17%) or accompanied by hepatic lipidosis (23.52%) or cholecystitis (17.65%) in cats following the pandemic. Consequentially, although restrictions implemented during the pandemic that caused stress on cats were ended, the chronic impacts of stress seem to be continuing on cats, especially in terms of the gastrointestinal system, following the pandemic.

This study aims to determine the relationship between school administrators' supportive behaviours and psychological empowerment according to teacher perceptions, relational survey model as a quantitative research method was used. The population of the study consisted of 400 teachers working at primary schools in central Bolu, Turkey in the 2020-2021 academic year. As data collection instruments, Administrator Support Scale (PSS) and Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES) were used. Since the data showed normal distribution, parametric tests were employed in the analysis of the data. According to the results of the study, the fact that the teachers' perceptions of the supportive behaviors of the school administrators in terms of emotional and educational support are at the level of slightly agree shows that school administrators are inadequate at supporting teachers emotionally and educationally. Since the school administrators who should be the closest source of information in the professional development of the teachers have supervision and guidance duties, it should be taken into consideration that they are incapable of supporting the teachers in educational sense. That the teachers’ perceptions of psychological empowerment in the dimension of self-determination are at the moderate level is also a striking result. There is a positive and highly significant relationship between the supportive behaviours of school administrators and teachers' perceptions of psychological empowerment. Supportive behaviors of school administrators are a significant predictor of teachers' perceptions of psychological empowerment.

Amaç: Çalışmamızda adölesan dönemde polikistik over sendromu (PKOS) tanısı konulan hastalar ile erişkin dönemde PKOS tanısı alan hastaların vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), hormon seviyeleri, serbest androjen indeksi açısından fark olup olmadığını araştırmayı, sonuçların adölesan ve erişkin dönem hasta yönetimine olabilecek katkısını incelemeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Çalışmaya Mayıs 2021-Ekim 2021 tarihleri arasında, 2003 Rotterdam ASRM/ESHRE kriterlerine göre PKOS tanısı almış 75 adölesan PKOS hasta ve 75 erişkin PKOS hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik, klinik özellikleri, folikül stimulan hormon (FSH), luteinizan hormon (LH), estradiol (E2), anti- Müllerian hormon (AMH), tiroid stimulan hormon (TSH), prolaktin (PRL) ve 17-hidroksiprogesteron (17- OHP), seks hormon bağlayıcı globulin ve dehidroksiepiandrostenedion sülfat (DHEAS), serbest androjen indeks düzeyleri kaydedildi. Bulgular: VKİ, adölesan PKOS hastalarında erişkin PKOS hastalara oranla anlamlı olarak düşük saptandı (sırasıyla 23,3±2,9 kg/m2 ve 28,5±4,8 kg/m2) (p<0,001). FSH, LH, E2, progesteron, TSH, 17-OHP ve toplam testosteron seviyeleri ve LH/FSH oranı gruplar arasında benzerdi (p>0,05). PRL (19,77±8,67 ng/mL ve 16,62±7,80 ng/mL, p=0,02) ve AMH (6,68±4,40 ng/mL ve 5,34±3,55 ng/mL, p=0,04) değerleri adölesan grupta anlamlı yüksek saptandı. Sonuç: AMH ve PRL seviyeleri adölesan PKOS hastalarda erişkin PKOS hastalara oranla anlamlı yüksek, VKİ anlamlı düşük saptandı. Adölesan ve erişkin dönemde PKOS gelişimi farklı mekanizmalar ve hormonal değişikliklere bağlı olarak gelişiyor olabilir. Bu konuda kesin konuşabilmek adına geniş serili prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Aims: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) may be observed due to the mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study investigated the frequency of rheumatologic irAEs and characteristics of the patients who developed rheumatologic irAEs due to ICIs. Methods: This single-center, prospective, and observational study was conducted with the patients who received ICIs due to malignancy between December 2018 and November 2019. The demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and inflammatory and noninflammatory irAEs were evaluated. Results: The study included 38 patients (mean age: 54.5±19.2 years, male: 65.8%). Thirtyone (86.1%) patients received nivolumab, 4 (11.1%) patients received atezolizumab, and one (2.8%) patient received pembrolizumab. The median number of treatment cycles with ICIs was 11.5. Rheumatologic irAEs were observed in 20 (55.6%) patients. Four (11.2%) patients had inflammatory and 16 (44.5%) patients had non-inflammatory rheumatologic irAEs. The median time from the initiation of ICI treatment to the development of rheumatologic irAEs was 3 months. All patients with inflammatory rheumatologic irAEs were on treatment with a programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor. Prednisolone and methotrexate were the drugs used to improve inflammatory musculoskeletal symptoms. Conclusions: Inflammatory rheumatological irAEs due to ICIs were mostly polymyalgia rheumatica and rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms. Low-dose corticosteroid therapy may be the appropriate choice of treatment of inflammatory rheumatologic irAEs

Objective: We evaluated the survival characteristics of testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) patients with brain metastases (BM). Material and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, patients with relapsed or refractory GCT and BM were evaluated. The characteristic clinical features of the patients, their systemic treatments, local treatments applied to BM, and follow-up periods were recorded. The primary endpoint was to assess survival after detection of synchronous and metachronous BM. The secondary endpoint was determined as overall survival (OS). Results: Twenty-five patients were included in this study with median age and interquartile range (IQR) of 30.24 and 7.92, respectively. Stage IIIC was detected at first diagnosis in 72% of the patients. The most commonly used local BM treatment was the combination of surgery and radiotherapy (60%). The objective response rate (complete response plus partial response) after local BM treatment was 60%. The median OS in the whole group was 24.75 (IQR: 25.97) months. The median OS (IQR) in the synchronous BM group was significantly different than that in the metachronous BM group [33.51 (18.13) vs. 9.97 (7.52), 95% confidence interval of 6.7 to 40.3 months, p=0.013]. There was no difference in the median OS between the groups [median (IQR)=36.39 (25.35) months vs. 23.70 (35.68) months, p=0.672]. Conclusion: The patients with GCTs presenting with BM during diagnosis were in a better condition than those who developed BM at relapse. However, no significant difference was found in OS. This may indicate shorter survival times for the patients who relapse, as the tumor is resistant to systemic therapy.

Araştırmanın amacı, okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları motivasyonel dil ile lider üye etkileşimi arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektedir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma desenlerinden tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma evrenini Bolu il merkezinde bulunan ortaokullarda görev yapan toplam 400 öğretmen oluşturmuş, 368 öğretmenden geri dönüt sağlanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak; "Motivasyonel Dil Ölçeği" ve "Lider-Üye Etkileşimi Kalitesi Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri normal dağılıma uygun olduğundan parametrik testlerden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğretmenlerin okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları motivasyonel dile yönelik algıları motivasyonel ölçeği toplam puanı ile cesaretlendirici dil ve aitlik yaratıcı dil boyutlarında orta düzeyde; yönlendirici dil boyutunda düşük düzeydedir. Okul yöneticilerinin rehberlik ve denetim görevleri de göz önüne alındığında öğretmenlerin okul yöneticilerinin yönlendirici dil kullanmalarına yönelik algılarının düşük düzeyde olması düşündürücü ve dikkat çekici bir sonuçtur. Öğretmenlerin motive edilmesinde ve performanslarının artırılmasında birinci derecede sorumlu olan okul yöneticilerinin yönlendirici dil kullanımına yönelik öğretmen algılarının düşük düzeyde olması, okul yöneticilerinin yeterliklerinin de sorgulanmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda okul yöneticileri motivasyon, iletişim gibi örgütsel davranış konularında yeterlilik sahibi olmalıdırlar. Öğretmenlerin lider üye etkileşimi kalitesine yönelik algıları orta düzeydedir. Okul yöneticilerinin kullandığı motivasyonel dil ile lider üye etkileşimi kalitesi arasında pozitif yönlü yüksek düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. Okul yöneticilerinin kullandığı motivasyonel dil lider üye etkileşimi kalitesini anlamlı bir şekilde yordamaktadır. Okul yöneticilerinin kullandığı motive edici dil yükseldikçe yönetici ve öğretmenler arasındaki etkileşimin kalitesi de artmaktadır. Dolayısıyla okul yöneticilerinin öğretmenlerle kurdukları etkileşimin kalitesini artırmak için motivasyonel dil kullanımına özen göstermeleri faydalı olacaktır.

The purpose of this study is to determine the prediction level of teachers' psychological empowerment perceptions on their job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors. The research is designed in the relational survey model. 400 teachers working in primary schools in Bolu, Turkey participated in the study and out of 356 teachers participating in the study voluntarily, 314 scales were delivered back and evaluated. Psychological Empowerment Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale and Organizational Citizenship Scale were used as data collection instruments. The findings indicated that teachers’ perceptions of psychological empowerment were moderate in self-determination, and high in other dimensions and the whole scale. The moderate level of teachers’ perceptions of job satisfaction and organizational citizenship is a striking and concerning result. When teachers do not have high level of job satisfaction, their performance will decrease, and it will be difficult for these teachers to exhibit organizational citizenship behavior. Inthestudy, that theteachers’ perceptions of psychological empowerment affect both job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors necessitates the importance of psychological empowerment in increasing teachers' job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors. In this sense, it is an important finding that teachers’ job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors will be increased by means of them having selfdetermination over their work, increasing their competence, making them influential by allowing to think, talk about and intervene the incidents that occur inthe school, and ensuring their participation in work-related decisions. The finding indicating that teachers’ perceptions of psychological empowerment play an important role in increasing their job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior reveals the authenticity of the research.

Objective: To demonstrate treatment responses, survival analysis and treatment-related mortality characteristics of patients with malignant somatic transformation (MST). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, patients with relapsed and refractory MST who had previously received multiple-line chemotherapy were evaluated. Clinical features and follow-up data of relapsed/refractory MST patients were recorded from the patients’ registration database at the hospital. Age, clinical stage at initial diagnosis, serum tumour marker levels, visceral metastasis status, previous treatment protocols and follow-up times were recorded. This study aims to demonstrate demographic and disease-related characteristics, best response to systemic therapy, and overall survival (OS) results. Results: The study included 14 patients. Mean age at diagnosis was 29.6 years for the whole group. The most-common sarcoma subtype was Ewing sarcoma (44.4% in the sarcoma group). In half the patients, the best response to systemic treatment was determined as a complete response. Median OS for the sarcoma group was 19.72 months [interquartile range (IQR) 29.18 months], and in the adenocarcinoma group, it was determined as 136.24 months (IQR 131.92 months) (p=0.006). The median OS for the whole group was 28.12 months (IQR 99 months). No significant difference in survival was found between synchronous and relapsed cases [median (IQR) 24.09 (91.23) months vs 43.54 (113.51) months, p=0.606]. Conclusions: Germ cell tumour patients with MST should be treated according to the somatic component. Poor responses to cisplatin-based chemotherapy have been found in this cohort. Patients with sarcomatous components were found to have significantly shorter OS.

Objective: This study aimed to compare postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) between the pregnant women who gave birth after hydrotherapy applied during the active phase of labor and those who had conventional delivery. Material and Methods: Between March 2017 and March 2019, 337 pregnant women who gave birth after hydrotherapy applied during the active phase of labor and as the control group, 101 pregnant women who gave birth after spontaneous labor in the same period were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, mode of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section), the visual analog scale (VAS) values for labor pain at the 5th and 10th cm dilatation of the cervix, newborn weight, and gender, presence of maternal and neonatal complications, APGAR scores were recorded. EPDS and BDI were applied by phone in the 6th week postpartum. Results: Median gravida, parity, 1st and 5th minute APGAR scores, VAS at the 5th cm dilatation of the cervix were significantly lower in the hydrotherapy group than in the control group. The number of educated patients, the rate of the nuclear family, and the rate of being educated at the pregnancy school were higher in the hydrotherapy group than in the control group. There was no difference between hydroterapy group and controls in terms of EPDS and BDI scores, mode of delivery, maternal complications, neonatal intensive care unit admission rate. Conclusion: Labour with hydrotherapy may reduce pain in the intrapartum period but doesn't affect postpartum depression.

Objectives: To aim to show the survival outcomes of ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) therapy and the characteristics of treatment-related hematological side effects in patients with relapsed/refractory bone sarcomas (BSs) andsoft tissue sarcomas (STSs). Methods: Patients who were treated at the Department of Medical Oncology, Gulhane School of Medicine betweenJanuary 2017 and June 2021 were included. Post-ICE progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) rates and treatment-related hematological side effects were determined. Results: Fifty-six adult patients were included (thirty-four of them BSs). PFS was determined as 6.7 ± 4.4 months and 7.1±3.6 months for STSs and BSs, respectively. OS was 11.4±5.6 monhts and 12.6±7.1 for STSs and BSs, respectively. PFS and OS were not found to be better between groups (p=0.84 and p=0.517, respectively). The median OS and PFS after ICE protocol in patients with two or less systemic chemotherapy lines were significantly higher than those who received three or more lines (7.85±1.66 vs 3.74 ±2.89, p=0.001 and 13.80±8.45 vs 6.73, p=0.001). Conclusion: In addition to its contribution for all patients, ICE may contribute to longer survival, especially in patients receiving ≤2 lines of systemic chemotherapy.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the overall survival (OS) after the ifosfamide carboplatin plus etoposide (ICE) protocol for patients with relapsed refractory germ cell tumors (GCT). Differences in the contribution of the ICE protocol to patient survival according to the number of the treatment lines (four or more lines vs. three or fewer lines) were also evaluated. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients with relapsed refractory GCT who had previously received multiple-line chemotherapy. Gender, age, clinical stage at diagnosis, tumor marker levels, visceral metastasis status, previous treatment protocols, response rates to ICE, follow-up time, and hematologic side effects were recorded. The primary endpoint was OS after the ICE. The secondary endpoint was the difference in OS between patients who received the ICE on the fourth and subsequent lines vs. those who received the third and previous lines. Results: The final sample included 15 patients (median age 26; males: 93.3%). At diagnosis, 80% of the patients had stage IIIC disease. The median OS in the whole group was 14.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 15.4] months. The median (IQR) OS after the ICE protocol in patients with three or fewer lines was significantly higher than in those who received four or more lines [21.6 (34.5) vs 10.8 (11.6), p=0.034]. Grade 3 neutropenia (46.6%), anemia (40%), and thrombocytopenia (40%) were frequently observed. Conclusions: For heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory GCT, the ICE may show the potential to provide a significant survival. However, more severe hematological side effects may be encountered

Öğretmenlerin sınıf yönetimine yönelik algılarını belirlemeyi amaçlayan ve nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışmasının kullanıldığı araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Bolu ili Yeniçağa ilçesinde bulunan üç ilkokulda görev yapan ve gönüllülük esasına göre belirlenen 25 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma grubu kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada verilerin toplanmasında görüşme yöntemi ve yapılandırılmış sorulardan oluşan görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sorularının her biri kategori olarak ele alınmış ve elde edilen veriler çözümlenerek her kategoriye uygun kodlar oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonucuna göre, öğretmenlerin sınıf yönetiminde en çok karşılaştığı güçlüklerden bazıları; farklı hazır bulunuşluk düzeyinde öğrencilerle ders yapma, sınıf içi disiplini sağlama, öğrencilerle etkili iletişim kuramamadır. Öğretmenlerin sınıf yönetiminde karşılaştıkları güçlüklerle baş etmede en çok kullandıkları yöntemlerden bazıları; ilgi ve yeteneklere göre sorumluluk verme, zamanı etkili kullanma, güdülemeyi iyi yapma, derse etkileyici giriş yapmadır. Tükenmişlik, stres, motivasyon düşüklüğü-isteksizlik, öfkelenme, iş doyumunun azalması, gerginlik, üzüntü, öğretmenlerin sınıf yönetiminde karşılaştığı güçlüklerin etkilerinden bazılarıdır. Öğretmenlerin bazıları kalabalık grupların yönetimi, zaman yönetimi, sabırlı ve sakin olma, olumlu bir sınıf ortamı oluşturma, dikkat çekme, güdüleme, sorun çözme becerisi gibi bazı konularda kendilerini yeterli görmekte iken; bazı öğretmenler en çok iletişim, öfke kontrolü, zaman yönetimi, sınıf kurallarını uygulama, davranış yönetimi, yenilikçi öğretim yöntem teknikleri, güdüleme, öğrenci sorunlarını çözme konularında kendilerini yetersiz görmektedirler.

This study was performed on 2-year-old seedlings of the Pazar-20 tea clone pots in 2014-2015. Twelve different bacterial isolates (Bacillus atrophaeusRC11, Bacillus megateriumRC07, Bacillus megaterium42/4, Bacillus megaterium21/3, Pseudomonas fluorescensRC77, Pseudomonas fluorescens 8/4, Pseudomonas fluorescens8/6, Pseudomonas fluorescens9/7, Bacillus subtilisRC63, Bacillus subtilis 39/3, Bacillus subtilis36/10, Bacillus subtilisRC521), which were isolated from acidic tea soils and characterized and all laboratory tests were performed. With biological fertilizers formed by triple combinations and 7 different carrier formulations (K-tea compost, T-peat, P-perlite, L-leonardite, Z-zeolite, V-vermiculite and S-liquid carrier formulation) on the enzyme activities (peroxidase-POD, Polyphenol oxidase-PPO, Urease, 5-Dehydroxyshikimate reductase, Alchol dehydrogenase-ADH, Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-G6PD, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase-6PGD, Glutathione reductase-GR and Glutathione S-transferase-GST) of tea leaves were determined. All bacterial formulations used in the study positively affected the enzyme activities in the tea leaves at different rates compared to the control. This activity was found to be statistically significant. Additionally, it was determined that the efficiency of the carrier was important in both years (2014-2015) statistically, liquid formula and peat carriers had the highest effect.

Percutaneous nephrostomy catheter insertion allows the diagnosis and treatment of many pathologies from kidney failure to infection and obstruction. Vascular injuries are considered one of the complications of percutaneous interventions and are rarely seen after percutaneous nephrostomy catheter insertion. Herein, we report the first case of the successful surgical treatment of iatrogenic abdominal aortic injury after percutaneous nephrostomy catheter insertion in a 78-year-old female patient who developed hydroureteronephrosis and acute renal failure due to obstructive ureteral stone in the right proximal ureter.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin davranışsal güçlendirilmesi ile örgütsel adanmışlık algılarını belirlemek ve bunlar arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma, ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma evrenini Bolu ili merkez ilçede bulunan resmi ilkokul, ortaokul ve liselerde 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında görev yapan öğretmenler oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak "Kişisel Bilgi Formu", "Öğretmenlerin Davranışsal Açıdan Güçlendirilmesi Ölçeği" ve "Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Adanmışlık Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, öğretmenlerin davranışsal güçlendirilme algıları ölçek genelinde ve boyutlarında "çoğu zaman" düzeyinde; örgütsel adanmışlık algıları, ölçek genelinde ve boyutlarında "yüksek" düzeydedir. Davranışsal güçlendirme ölçeği ve boyutları ile örgütsel adanmışlık ölçeği ve boyutları arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişki vardır.

Araştırmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin okul yöneticilerinin dönüşümcü liderlik özellik ve davra nışlarına yönelik görüşlerini tespit etmektir. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışmasınınkullanıldığı araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında Bolu ili Yeniçağaİlçesinde 3 ilkokul, 2 ortaokul ve 1 lisede görev yapan 32 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Veriler yarıyapılandırılmış sorulardan oluşan görüşme formu kullanılarak toplanmış olup, betimsel analizyöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre okul yöneticilerinin ideal leştirilmiş etki boyutundaki dönüşümcü liderlik özellikleri ve davranışları rol-model, etkileme,sevgi ve güven veren davranışlar şeklindedir. Okul yöneticileri rehberlik ederek, teşvik edici vedestekleyici olarak ve olumlu atmosfer oluşturarak öğretmenlere ilham verip motivasyonlarınıartırmaktadırlar. Okul yöneticilerinin entelektüel uyarım boyutundaki özellik ve davranışları de ğişime açıklık, sorun çözme, etkileme ve ikna etme olurken; bireysel ilgi boyutunda değer verme,destekleme ve rehberlik etme şeklindedir. Araştırma sonuçları doğrultusunda okul yöneticile rinin öğretmenleri motive eden, öğretmenlere ilham veren, destek ve rol model olan, yenilikçi,değişime açık dönüşümcü liderler olmaları önerilmektedir.

Objectives: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response. Beta-hydroxybutyrate is a product of ketogenesis that develops after the formation of coenzyme A from fatty acids.We aimed to evaluate the association between survival andbeta-hydroxybutyrate in sepsis patients.Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study. Between May 2018 and May 2019, 51 patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock in Gulhane Education and Research Hospital were included in the study. Patients,grouped as non-survivors (Group I) and survivors (Group II) were included in the study and followed for 28 days aftertheir initial blood samples obtained. Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate level analyses were measured by using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS-MS).Results: Within 28 days, 22 patients died (Group I); 29 patients survived (Group II). The SOFA scores were 12.45±4.22 inGroup I and 9.97±3.30 (p=0.022) in Group II, and the APACHE-2 scores were 38.05±6.23 in Group I and 34.10±7.22(p=0.046)in Group II. Beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were 20.4 µM (IQR=9.2-29.98 µM) in Group I and 54.9 µM (IQR=13.55–120.83µM) in Group II (p<0.05).Conclusion: Our study is the first showing the clinical significance of beta-hydroxybutyrate in sepsis patients. Our findings on beta-hydroxybutyrate may illuminate a reasonable positive effect.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the rates of rapid antigen detection test use, test results and its relationship with Modified Centor Score and investigate the effect of rapid antigen detection test use on prescribing behaviour.Methods: This research was conducted by scanning the family physicians¶ information system retrospectively. From the Family Medicine Information System, where polyclinics and prescription records of the family health centers where 12 family physicians work in Kayseri are located, the number and results of rapid antigen detection tests performed between February 2017 and April 2019, the Modified Centor Score automatically calculated by the system, the number of prescribed antibiotics and symptomatic treatment information was recorded.Results: The positivity of rapid antigen detection test was considered, cut-off value of Modified Centor Score was >2 (ROC EAA:63.9, Cl:0.95,0.61-0.66). Sensitivity rate of the test for diagnostic score was 86% and selectivity rate was 48.8%.Conclusion: Family physicians should be encouraged to use rapid antigen detection test. The fact that antibiotics are prescribed in rapid antigen detection test negative patients may indicate that confidence level of the test is less than physical examination and clinical findings.

Aims: Medulloblastoma is very rare and accounts for only 1% of intracranial tumors in adults. There are limited treatment options for adult medulloblastoma patients who have relapsed or refractory disease. We aimed to show real-life data on health outcomes in adult patients with recurrent or refractory medulloblastoma patients who received autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT).Methods: We analyzed the data of 15 patients who underwent AHSCT after ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) as high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) regimen for relapsed or refractory medulloblastoma from 2010 to 2020. Overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients were evaluated.Results: Fifteen patients were observed in this study. The mean age of the study group was 27.9±8.1 years and 53.3% of the patients were female (n=8). ORR was 100%. The median OS and PFS were 24 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 11.4-36.5] and 13 months (95% CI: 10.2-15.8), respectively. One-year OS and PFS rates were 77% and 55.2%, respectively. Five-year OS rate was 82.5%.Conclusions: AHSCT with ICE as HDCT regimen is a safe and effective treatment option for relapsed or refractory adult medulloblastoma patients with an acceptable ORR, OS and PFS time.