In this study, the distribution of the population and settlements in Siirt province, which is located in the Dicle Section of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, according to the elevation levels was examined. Siirt province shows great differences in short distances in terms of topographic features. When the settlement and population characteristics of the province of Siirt are examined, it has been observed that it varies in accordance with the topographic structure and it is understood that the population is distributed in an uneven way. The population growth in Siirt province has varied from the Republican period to the present, and it has been observed that the population has sometimes increased significantly and sometimes experienced sharp decreases. Among the most important reasons for this situation are the differentiation of the structural features of the settlements, migrations and also the changes in the administrative division of the province. In this study, by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the population data of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) for the year 2021 are classified by considering how the settlements are distributed according to the altitude steps. As a result of the data obtained, it has been understood that the settlements in Siirt are generally concentrated in areas with low elevation. In addition, in terms of both the number of settlements and the amount of population, a clustering was observed at the altitudes of 410 to 1250 meters. On the other hand, in Siirt province, the number of settlements and the amount of population decrease significantly in areas above 2000 meters. In addition, it has been concluded that some settlements in the area are located in hilly and high areas despite the disadvantage of geographical conditions. As a result, it is understood that climate, topography, agriculture and animal husbandry activities are very effective in the formation of differences in terms of population and settlement in Siirt province.