PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY

Bektay, Muhammed Yunus; Tütüncü, Beyza; Sosyal, Damla; Atak, Muhammed; izzettin, fikret vehbi

doi:10.33483/jfpau.1341561

PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY

Muhammed Yunus BEKTAY, (Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Klinik Eczacılık Anabilim Dalı, 34093, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Beyza TÜTÜNCÜ, (Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Klinik Eczacılık Anabilim Dalı, 34093, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Damla SOSYAL, (Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Klinik Eczacılık Anabilim Dalı, 34093, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Muhammed ATAK, (İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı, 34093, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Fikret İZZETTİN (Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Klinik Eczacılık Anabilim Dalı, 34093, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi

2 1

Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 944 - 956 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.33483/jfpau.1341561 İndeks Tarihi: 26-09-2023

PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY

Öz:

Objective: Mental illnesses constitute a significant contributor to the overall burden of illness, affecting a substantial number of individuals worldwide. The aim of the study is to to measure anxiety levels, along with a questionnaire to assess the pharmacist possible role in anxiety. Material and Method: A prospective study with onlineonline questionnaire held between November 2020 and February 2021. The questionnaire was sent to the general public. The questionnaire consists of 2 sections, demographics and anxiety levels. Anxiety levels were determined by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. Assessment of internal consistency, reliability, binary logistic regression and correlation analysis, group comparisons were conducted utilizing the Mann-Whitney U-test. Result and Discussion: A total of 398 responses were gathered. The majority of the participant were female (256, 64.3%) and the mean number of age was 29.7±10.7. The mean GAD-7 score was 6.31±4.21. The interclass correlation coffecient of the questionnaire was 0.671 (95% CI: 0.503-0.794, F: 4.55, p<0.001) and the Cronbach’s alpha test was found as 0.854. Feeling anxious or stressed lately (OR: 2.358, %95 CI:1.321-4.210,p<0.005) and the level of education (OR:5.618, %95 CI 1.332-23.698 p<0.05) were statistically significant factors for anxiety. The importance of involving pharmacists in anxiety disorder screenings were pointed out by this study. Pharmacists' screenings effectively identify anxiety, and aids referrals to appropriate healthcare providers.

Anahtar Kelime: Anxiety clinical pharmacy mental health sceerining patient monitoring pharmaceutical care

ECZACI TARAFINDAN YÖNETİLEN ANKSİYETE DÜZEYLERİNİN VE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: PROSPEKTİF GÖZLEMSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA

Öz:

Amaç: Ruh ve sinir hastalıkları, dünya çapında önemli sayıda bireyi etkileyerek genel hastalık yüküne önemli bir katkıda bulunan hastalık gruplarındadır. Çalışmanın amacı, bireylerin anksiyete düzeylerini ölçmek ve eczacının rolünü araştırmaktır. Materyal ve Yöntem: Kasım 2020 ile Şubat 2021 arasında prospektif bir çevrimiçi anket düzenlenmiştir. Anket, demografik bilgiler ve anksiyete düzeyleri olmak üzere 2 bölümden oluşmaktadır. Anksiyete düzeyleri Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu (YAB-7) ölçeği ile belirlenmiştir. İç tutarlılık, güvenilirlik, ikili lojistik regresyon ve korelasyon analizleri ve grup karşılaştırmaları Mann-Whitney U-testiyle anksiyeteyle düzeyleri ve ilişkili faktörler belirlenmiştir. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Toplam 398 yanıt toplanmıştır. Yaş ortalamasının 29,7±10,7 olduğu katılımcı profilinin çoğunu kadınlar oluşturmuştur (256, %64,3). Ortalama YAB-7 puanı 6.31±4.21 olarak belirlenmiştir. Anketin iç tutarlılığı 0.671 (%95 GA: 0.503-0.794, F: 4.55, p<0.001) ve Cronbach alfa testi 0.854 idi. Son zamanlarda endişeli veya stresli hissetme (OR: 2.358, %95 GA:1.321-4.210, p<0.005) ve eğitim düzeyi (OR:5.618, %95 GA 1.332-23.698, p<0.05) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı faktörler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, eczacıların anksiyete bozukluğu taramalarına dahil edilmesinin önemine işaret etmektedir. Eczacıların taramaları anksiyeteyi etkili bir şekilde tanımlamakta ve uygun sağlık hizmeti sağlayıcılarına yönlendirmeye yardımcı olmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelime: Anksiyete farmasötik bakım hasta izlemi klinik eczacılık ruh sağlığı taraması

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

1. Rutter, L.A., Brown, T.A. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) in outpatients with anxiety and mood disorders. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 39, 140-146. [CrossRef]
2. GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators. (2022). Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. The Lancet Psychiatry, 9, 137-150. [CrossRef]
3. Vigo, D., Thornicroft, G., Atun, R. (2016). Estimating the true global burden of mental illness. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(2), 171-178. [CrossRef]
4. Spitzer, R.L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J.B.W., Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097. [CrossRef]
5. Stanojevic, M., Panic, D. (2019). Treatment of anxiety disorders - The role of pharmacists. Experimental and Applied Biomedical Research (EABR), 0(0), 3919. [CrossRef]
6. Murphy, A.L., Gardner, D.M., Jacobs, L.M. (2018). Patient care activities by community pharmacists in a capitation funding model mental health and addictions program. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 1-15. [CrossRef]
7. Bhat, S., Kroehl, M., Yi, W.M., Jaeger, J., Thompson, A.M., Lam, H.M., Loeb, D., Trinkley, K.E. (2019). Factors influencing the acceptance of referrals for clinical pharmacist managed disease states in primary care. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 59(3), 336-342. [CrossRef]
8. Eaves, S., Gonzalvo, J., Hamm, J.A., Williams, G., Ott, C. (2003). The evolving role of the pharmacist for individuals with serious mental illness. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 60(5S), S11–S14. [CrossRef]
9. Sharma, A., Minh Duc, N.T., Luu Lam Thang, T., Nam, N.H., Ng, S.J., Abbas, K.S., Huy, N.T., Marušić, A., Paul, C.L., Kwok, J., Karbwang, J., de Waure, C., Drummond, F.J., Kizawa, Y., Taal, E., Vermeulen, J., Lee, G.H.M., Gyedu, A., To, K.G., Verra, M.L., Jacqz-Aigrain, É.M., Leclercq, W.K.G., Salminen, S.T., Sherbourne, C.D., Mintzes, B., Lozano, S., Tran, U.S., Matsui, M., Karamouzian, M.A. (2021). A consensus-based checklist for reporting of survey studies (CROSS). Journal of General Internal Medicine, 36(10), 3179-3187. [CrossRef]
10. Okuyan, B., Bektay, M.Y., Demirci, M.Y., Ay, P., Sancar, M. (2022). Factors associated with Turkish pharmacists’ intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine: An observational study. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 44(1), 247-255. [CrossRef]
11. Sümbül-Şekerci, B., Bildik, Ö., Bektay, M.Y., İzzettin, F.V. (2021). Attitudes of medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry students about psychostimulant use to enhance cognition. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 75(10), e14608. [CrossRef]
12. Konkan, R., Şenormancı, Ö., Güçlü, O., Aydın, E., Sungur, M.Z. (2013). Validity and reliability study for the Turkish adaptation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) Scale. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 50(1), 53-58. [CrossRef]
13. G.H.D.E. (2023). Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation n.d. Available at: https://vizhub.healthdata.org. Accessed on 15 May 2023.
14. Charara, R., Forouzanfar, M., Naghavi, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Afshin, A., Vos, T., Daoud, F., Wang, H., El Bcheraoui, C., Khalil, I., Hamadeh, R.R., Khosravi, A., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Khader, Y., Al-Hamad, N., Makhlouf Obermeyer, C., Rafay, A., Asghar, R., Rana ,S.M., Shaheen, A., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M., Husseini, A., Abu-Raddad, L.J., Khoja, T., Al Rayess, Z.A., AlBuhairan, F.S., Hsairi, M., Alomari, M.A., Ali, R., Roshandel, G., Terkawi, A.S., Hamidi, S., Refaat, A.H., Westerman, R., Kiadaliri, A.A., Akanda, A.S., Ali, S.D., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Faghmous, I.A., Fereshtehnejad, S.M., Fischer, F., Jonas, J.B., Kuate Defo, B., Mehari, A., Omer, S.B., Pourmalek, F., Uthman, O.A., Mokdad, A.A., Maalouf, F.T., Abd-Allah, F., Akseer, N., Arya, D., Borschmann, R., Brazinova, A., Brugha, T.S., Catalá-López, F., Degenhardt, L., Ferrari, A., Haro, J.M., Horino, M., Hornberger, J.C., Huang, H., Kieling, C., Kim, D., Kim, Y., Knudsen, A.K., Mitchell, P.B., Patton, G., Sagar, R., Satpathy, M., Savuon, K., Seedat, S., Shiue, I., Skogen, J.C., Stein, D.J., Tabb, K.M., Whiteford, H.A., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Murray, C.J., Mokdad, A.H. (2017). The burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2013. PLoS One, 12(1), e0169575. [CrossRef]
15. Mokdad, A.H., Forouzanfar, M.H., Daoud, F., Mokdad, A.A., El Bcheraoui, C., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Kyu, H.H., Barber, R.M., Wagner, J., Cercy, K., Kravitz, H., Coggeshall, M., Chew, A., O'Rourke, K.F., Steiner, C., Tuffaha, M., Charara, R., Al-Ghamdi, E.A., Adi, Y., Afifi, R.A., Alahmadi, H., AlBuhairan, F., Allen, N., AlMazroa, M., Al-Nehmi, A.A., AlRayess, Z., Arora, M., Azzopardi, P., Barroso, C., Basulaiman, M., Bhutta, Z.A., Bonell, C., Breinbauer, C., Degenhardt, L., Denno, D., Fang, J., Fatusi, A., Feigl, A.B., Kakuma, R., Karam, N., Kennedy, E., Khoja, T.A., Maalouf, F., Obermeyer, C.M., Mattoo, A., McGovern, T., Memish, Z.A., Mensah, G.A., Patel, V., Petroni, S., Reavley, N., Zertuche, D.R., Saeedi, M., Santelli, J., Sawyer, S.M., Ssewamala, F., Taiwo, K., Tantawy, M., Viner, R.M., Waldfogel, J., Zuñiga, M.P., Naghavi, M., Wang, H., Vos, T., Lopez, A.D., Al Rabeeah, A.A., Patton, G.C., Murray, C.J. (2016). Global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors for young people’s health during 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet (London, England), 387(10036), 2383-2401. [CrossRef]
16. Hinz, A., Klein, A.M., Brähler, E., Glaesmer, H., Luck, T., Riedel-Heller, S.G., Wirkner, K., Hilbert, A. (2017). Psychometric evaluation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener GAD-7, based on a large German general population sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 338-344. [CrossRef]
17. Baykal, N.B. (2017). Yaygın anksiyete bozukluğunun Türkiye’deki yaygınlığı, ek tanıları ve tedavisinin incelenmesi. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 54, 539-548.
18. Özcan, M., Uğus, F., Çilli, A.Ş. (2006). Ayaktan psikiyatri hastalarında yaygın anksiyete bozukluğunun yaygınlığı ve ek tanılar. Türk Psikiyatr Dergisi, 17(4), 276-285.
19. Wittchen, H.U., Kessler, R.C., Beesdo, K., Krause, P., Höfler, M., Hoyer, J. (2002). Generalized anxiety and depression in primary care: Prevalence, recognition, and management. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63(S8), 24-34.
20. Wittchen, H.U., Zhao, S., Kessler, R.C., Eaton, W.W. (1994). DSM-III-R generalized anxiety disorder in the national comorbidity survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51(5), 355-364. [CrossRef]
21. Stein, M.B., Craske, M.G. (2017). Treating anxiety in 2017 optimizing care to improve outcomes. JAMA - Journal of American Medical Association, 318(3), 235-236. [CrossRef]
22. Qudah, B., Thakur, T., Chewning, B. (2021). Factors influencing patient participation in medication counseling at the community pharmacy: A systematic review. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(11), 1863-1876. [CrossRef]
23. Chong, W.W., Aslani, P., Chen T.F. (2014). Pharmacist-patient communication on use of antidepressants: A simulated patient study in community pharmacy. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 10(2), 419-437. [CrossRef]
24. Samorinha, C., Saidawi, W., Saddik, B., Abduelkarem, A.R., Alzoubi, K.H., Abu-Gharbieh, E. (2022). How is mental health care provided through community pharmacies? A quest for improvement. Pharmacy Practice (Granada), 20(2), 2648. [CrossRef]

APA	Bektay M, Tütüncü B, Sosyal D, Atak M, izzettin f (2023). PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY. , 944 - 956. 10.33483/jfpau.1341561
Chicago	Bektay Muhammed Yunus,Tütüncü Beyza,Sosyal Damla,Atak Muhammed,izzettin fikret vehbi PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY. (2023): 944 - 956. 10.33483/jfpau.1341561
MLA	Bektay Muhammed Yunus,Tütüncü Beyza,Sosyal Damla,Atak Muhammed,izzettin fikret vehbi PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY. , 2023, ss.944 - 956. 10.33483/jfpau.1341561
AMA	Bektay M,Tütüncü B,Sosyal D,Atak M,izzettin f PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY. . 2023; 944 - 956. 10.33483/jfpau.1341561
Vancouver	Bektay M,Tütüncü B,Sosyal D,Atak M,izzettin f PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY. . 2023; 944 - 956. 10.33483/jfpau.1341561
IEEE	Bektay M,Tütüncü B,Sosyal D,Atak M,izzettin f "PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY." , ss.944 - 956, 2023. 10.33483/jfpau.1341561
ISNAD	Bektay, Muhammed Yunus vd. "PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY". (2023), 944-956. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1341561

APA	Bektay M, Tütüncü B, Sosyal D, Atak M, izzettin f (2023). PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 47(3), 944 - 956. 10.33483/jfpau.1341561
Chicago	Bektay Muhammed Yunus,Tütüncü Beyza,Sosyal Damla,Atak Muhammed,izzettin fikret vehbi PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi 47, no.3 (2023): 944 - 956. 10.33483/jfpau.1341561
MLA	Bektay Muhammed Yunus,Tütüncü Beyza,Sosyal Damla,Atak Muhammed,izzettin fikret vehbi PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.47, no.3, 2023, ss.944 - 956. 10.33483/jfpau.1341561
AMA	Bektay M,Tütüncü B,Sosyal D,Atak M,izzettin f PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023; 47(3): 944 - 956. 10.33483/jfpau.1341561
Vancouver	Bektay M,Tütüncü B,Sosyal D,Atak M,izzettin f PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023; 47(3): 944 - 956. 10.33483/jfpau.1341561
IEEE	Bektay M,Tütüncü B,Sosyal D,Atak M,izzettin f "PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY." Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 47, ss.944 - 956, 2023. 10.33483/jfpau.1341561
ISNAD	Bektay, Muhammed Yunus vd. "PHARMACIST-LED ASSESSMENT OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY". Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi 47/3 (2023), 944-956. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1341561