Aim: This study was conducted to determine the knowledge and practices of the physicians working in family health centers(FHC) in the central city of Trabzon province about tuberculosis (TB) control and Directly Observed Treatment Strategy (DOTS). Method: The study was carried out on 38 physicians reached out of 53 physicians (71.7%) working at the 12 FHC's of the city center of Trabzon in July 2011. Data were collected by face to face interview using a questionnaire. The data were evaluated by the SPSS 15.0 program. The findings were presented using descriptive statistics with numeric and percentage values. Results: The duration of the service years of 73.7% of the physicians was 18-23 years and 86.8% were practitioners. Of the physicians, 97.4% were sharing the view that TB is an important disease for the country. According to the physicians, the lowest costing and the most effective way of reducing the incidence of TB is prevention (21.1%) and the cheapest, easiest and most accurate method of diagnosis of TB is sputum culture (68.4%). The physicians had heard of DOTS by 89.5% and 75.7% had been practicing this method. The problems physicians experience in implementing DOT were determined as inability to check whether the patient receives the drug (17.5%), increases in workload (17.5%), experiencing problems in patient compliance regarding treatment (16.5%) and problems encountered in follow-up of patients (15.5%). Conclusion: The physicians participating in the study revealed inadequate knowledge about TB control. One out of four physicians was not implementing DOT. On the other hand, the physicians applying DOT experienced a number of problems. In order to ensure effective TB control, the inadequacies of the knowledge of physicians on TB control should be met; the physicians not applying DOT should be educated about the importance and need to implement DOT and solutions should be found for the problems experienced by the physicians applying DOT.